2018年北京市高考英语试卷.doc

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1、第 1 页（共 45 页）2018 年北京市高考英语试卷年北京市高考英语试卷第一部分：知识运用（共两节，第一部分：知识运用（共两节，45 分）第一节分）第一节 单项填空（共单项填空（共 15 小题；每小题小题；每小题1 分，共分，共 15 分）从每题所给的分）从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑例：的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑例：Its so nice to hear from her again._，we last met more than thirty years agoAwhats moreB

2、Thats to sayCIn other wordsDBelieve it or not 答案是答案是 D1 （1.00 分）Hi， Im Peter Are you new here？ I havent seen you around？Hello， Peter Im Bob I just_on Monday （ ）AstartBhave started CstartedDhad started2 （1.00 分）_we dont stop climate change， many animals and plants in the world will be gone （ ）AAlthou

3、ghBWhileCIfDUntil3 （1.00 分）_along the old Silk Road is an interesting and rewarding experience （ ）ATravelBTravelingCHaving traveledDTraveled4 （1.00 分）Susan had quit her wellpaid job and _as a volunteer in the neighborhood when I visited her last year （ ）Ais workingBwas working Chas worked Dhad worke

4、d5 （1.00 分）She and her family bicycle to work， helps them keep fit （ ）AwhichBwhoCasDthat6 （1.00 分）During the MidAutumn Festival， family members often gather together_a meal， admire the moon and enjoy moon cakes （ ）AshareBto shareChaving sharedDshared7 （1.00 分）Chinas highspeed railways from 9，000 to

5、第 2 页（共 45 页）25，000 kilometers in the past few years （ ）Aare growing Bhave grown Cwill growDhad grown8 （1.00 分）In any unsafe situation， simply_the button and a highlytrained agent will get you the help you need （ ）ApressBto press Cpressing Dpressed9 （1.00 分）A rescue worker risked his life saving two

6、 tourists who_in the mountains for two days （ ）Aare trapping Bhave been trappedCwere trappingDhad been trapped10 （1.00 分）Ordinary soap， _correctly， can deal with bacteria effectively （ ）AusedBto useCusingDuse11 （1.00 分）Without his support， we wouldnt be_we are now （ ）AhowBwhenCwhereDwhy12 （1.00 分）In

7、 todays information age， the loss of data_cause serious problems for a company （ ）AneedBshouldCcan Dmust13 （1.00 分）They might have found a better hotel if they_a few more kilometers （ ）AdroveBwould driveCwere to driveDhad driven14 （1.00 分）Good morning， MrLees officeGood morning Id like to make an ap

8、pointment_next Wednesday afternoon （ ）Afor BonCinDat15 （1.00 分）This is_my father has taught meto always face difficulties and hope for the best （ ）第 3 页（共 45 页）AhowBwhichCthat Dwhat第二节第二节 完形填空（每小题完形填空（每小题 1.5 分，共分，共 30 分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂四个选项中，选

9、出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑黑16 （30.00 分）The Homeless HeroFor many，finding an unattended wallet filled with 400 in cash would be a source（来源）of temptation（诱惑） But the （1） would no doubt be greater if you were living on the streets with little food and money All of this makes the actions of the homeless Tom Smi

10、th （2） more remarkableAfter spotting a （3） on the front seat inside a parked car with its window down，he stood guard in the rain for about two hours waiting for the （4） to returnAfter hours in the cold and wet， he （5） inside and pulled the wallet out hoping to find some ID so he could contact（联系）the

11、 driver， only to （6） it contained 400 in notes，with another 50 in spare change beside itHe then took the wallet to a nearby police station after （7） a note behind to let the owner know it was safe When the cars owner John Anderson and his colleague Carol Lawrence returned to the carwhich was itself

12、worth 35，000in Glasgow city centre， they were（8） to find two policemen standing next to it The policemen told them what MrSmith did and that the wallet was（9） The pair were later able to thank MrSmith for his （10） MrAnderson said：“I couldnt believe that the guy never took a pennyTo think he is sleep

13、ing on the streets tonight （11） he could have stolen the money and paid for a place to stay inThis guy has nothing and （12） he didnt take the wallet for himself；he thought about others（13） 第 4 页（共 45 页）Its unbelievable It just proves there are （14） guys out there“MrSmiths act （15） much of the public

14、s attention He also won praise from social media users after MrAnderson （16） about the act of kindness on FacebookNow Mr Anderson has set up an online campaign to （17） money for MrSmith and other homeless people in the area， which by yesterday had received 8，000 “I think the faith that everyone has

15、shown （18） him has touched him People have been approaching him in the street； hes had job （19） and all sorts， “MrAnderson commentedFor MrSmith， this is a possible lifechanging （20） The story once again tells us that one good turn deserves another（1）A hopeB aimC urgeD effort（2）A stillB evenC everD o

16、nce（3）A walletB bagC boxD parcel（4）A partnerB colleagueC ownerD policeman（5）A turnedB hidC steppedD reached（6）A discoverB collectC checkD believe（7）A takingB leavingC readingD writing（8）A satisfiedB excitedC amusedD shocked（9）A safeB missingC foundD seen（10）A serviceB supportC kindnessD encouragemen

17、t（11）A whenB ifC whereD because（12）A ratherB yetC alreadyD just（13）A tooB thoughC againD instead（14）A honestB politeC richD generous（15）A gaveB paidC castD drew第 5 页（共 45 页）（16）A learnedB postedC caredD heard（17）A borrowB raiseC saveD earn（18）A ofB atC forD in（19）A detailsB changesC offersD applicat

18、ions（20）A lessonB adventureC chanceD challenge第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，40 分）第一节（共分）第一节（共 30 分）阅读下列短文，从分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑黑17 （8.00 分）AMy First Marathon（马拉松）A month before my first marathon， one of my ankles was injured and this meant not ru

19、nning for two weeks， leaving me only two weeks to train Yet， I was determined to go aheadI remember back to my 7th year in school In my first PE class， the teacher required us to run laps and then hit a softball I didnt do either well He later informed me that I was“ not athletic“The idea that I was

20、 “not athletic“ stuck with me for years When I started running in my 30s，I realized running was a battle against myself， not about competition or whether or not I was athletic It was all about the battle against my own body and mind A test of wills!The night before my marathon， I dreamt that I could

21、nt even find the finish line I woke up sweating and nervous， but ready to prove something to myselfShortly after crossing the start line， my shoe laces （鞋带）became untied So I stopped to readjust Not the start I wanted！第 6 页（共 45 页）At mile 3， I passed a sign：“ GO FOR IT， RUNNERS!“By mile 17， I became

22、 out of breath and the once injured ankle hurt badly Despite the pain， I stayed the course walking a bit and then running againBy mile 21， I was starving！As I approached mile 23， I could see my wife waving a sign She is my biggest fan She never minded the alarm clock sounding at 4 am or questioned m

23、y expenses on runningI was one of the final runners to finish But I finished! And I got a medal In fact， I got the same medal as the one that the guy who came in first place hadDetermined to be myself， move forward， free of shame and worldly labels（世俗标签） ， I can now call myself a “marathon winner“（1

24、）A month before the marathon， the author A was well trainedB felt scaredC made up his mind to runD lost hope（2）Why did the author mention the PE class in his 7th year？ A To acknowledge the support of his teacherB To amuse the readers with a funny storyC To show he was not talented in sportsD To shar

25、e a precious memory（3）How was the authors first marathon？ A He made itB He quit halfwayC He got the first prizeD He walked to the end（4）What does the story mainly tell us？ A A man owes his success to his family support第 7 页（共 45 页）B A winner is one with a great effort of willC Failure is the mother

26、of successD One is never too old to learn18 （6.00 分）BFind Your Adventure at the Space and Aviation （航空）CenterIf youre looking for a unique adventure， the Space and Aviation Center（SAC）is the place to be The Center offers programs designed to challenge and inspire with handson tasks and lots of funMo

27、re than 750，000 have graduated from SAC， with many seeking employment in engineering， aviation， education， medicine and a wide variety of other professions They come to camp， wanting to know what it is like to be an astronaut or a pilot， and they leave with realworld applications for what theyre stu

28、dying in the classroomFor the trainees，the programs also offer a great way to earn merit badges（荣誉徽章） At Space Camp， trainees can earn their Space Exploration badge as they build and fire model rockets， learn about space tasks and try simulated （模拟） flying to space with the crew from all over the wo

29、rld The Aviation Challenge program gives trainees the chance to earn their Aviation badge They learn the principles of flight and test their operating skills in the cockpit（驾驶舱）of a variety of flight simulators Trainees also get a good start on their Wilderness Survival badge as they learn about wat

30、erand landsurvival through designed tasks and their search and rescue of a “downed“ pilotWith all the programs， teamwork is key as trainees learn the importance of leadership and being part of a bigger taskAll this fun is available for ages 9 to 18 Families can enjoy the experience together， too， wi

31、th Family Camp programs for families with children as young as 7第 8 页（共 45 页）Stay an hour or stay a weekthere is something here for everyone!For more details，please visit us online at wwwoursaccom（1）Why do people come to SAC？ A To experience adventuresB To look for jobs in aviationC To get a degree

32、in engineeringD To learn more about medicine（2）To earn a Space Exploration badge， a trainee needs to A fly to spaceB get an Aviation badge firstC study the principles of flightD build and fire model rockets（3）What is the most important for trainees？ A LeadershipB Team spiritC Task planningD Survival

33、 skills19 （8.00 分）CPlasticEating WormsHumans produce more than 300 million tons of plastic every year Almost half of that winds up in landfills（垃圾填埋场） ， and up to 12 million tons pollute the oceans So far there is no effective way to get rid of it， but a new study suggests an answer may lie in the s

34、tomachs of some hungry wormsResearchers in Spain and England recently found that the worms of the greater wax moth can break down polyethylene， which accounts for 40% of plastics The team left 100 wax worms on a commercial polyethylene shopping bag for 12 第 9 页（共 45 页）hours， and the worms consumed a

35、nd broke down about 92 milligrams， or almost 3% of it To confirm that the worms chewing alone was not responsible for the polyethylene breakdown， the researchers made some worms into paste（糊状物） and applied it to plastic films 14 hours later the films had lost 13% of their massapparently broken down

36、by enzymes（酶）from the worms stomachs Their findings were published in Current Biology in 2017Federica Bertocchini， coauthor of the study， says the worms ability to break down their everyday foodbeeswaxalso allows them to break down plastic “Wax is a complex mixture， but the basic bond in polyethylen

37、e， the carboncarbon bond， is there as well， “she explains “The wax worm evolved a method or system to break this bond “Jennifer DeBruyn， a microbiologist at the University of Tennessee， who was not involved in the study， says it is not surprising that such worms can break down polyethylene But compa

38、red with previous studies， she finds the speed of breaking down in this one exciting The next step， DeBruyn says， will be to identify the cause of the breakdown Is it an enzyme produced by the worm itself or by its gut microbes（肠道微生物）？Bertocchini agrees and hopes her teams findings might one day hel

39、p employ the enzyme to break down plastics in landfills But she expects using the chemical in some kind of industrial processnot simply “millions of worms thrown on top of the plastic“（1）What can we learn about the worms in the study？ A They take plastics as their everyday foodB They are newly evolv

40、ed creaturesC They can consume plasticsD They wind up in landfills（2）According to Jennifer DeBruyn， the next step of the study is to 第 10 页（共 45 页）A identify other means of the breakdownB find out the source of the enzymeC confirm the research findingsD increase the breakdown speed（3）It can be infer

41、red from the last paragraph that the chemical might A help to raise wormsB help make plastic bagsC be used to clean the oceansD be produced in factories in future（4）What is the main purpose of the passage？ A To explain a study method on wormsB To introduce the diet of a special wormC To present a wa

42、y to break down plasticsD To propose new means to keep ecobalance20 （8.00 分）DPreparing Cities for Robot CarsThe possibility of selfdriving robot cars has often seemed like a futurists dream， years away from materializing in the real world Well， the future is apparently now The California Department

43、of Motor Vehicles began giving permits in April for companies to test truly selfdriving cars on public roads The state also cleared the way for companies to sell or rent out selfdriving cars， and for companies to operate driverless taxi services California， it should be 第 11 页（共 45 页）noted， isnt lea

44、ding the way here Companies have been testing their vehicles in cities across the country Its hard to predict when driverless cars will be everywhere on our roads But however long it takes， the technology has the potential to change our transportation systems and our cities， for better or for worse，

45、 depending on how the transformation is regulatedWhile much of the debate so far has been focused on the safety of driverless cars（and rightfully so） ，policymakers also should be talking about how selfdriving vehicles can help reduce traffic jams， cut emissions（排放） and offer more convenient， afforda

46、ble mobility options The arrival of driverless vehicles is a chance to make sure that those vehicles are environmentally friendly and more sharedDo we want to copy or even worsen the traffic of today with driverless cars？ Imagine a future where most adults own individual selfdriving vehicles They to

47、lerate long， slow journeys to and from work on packed highways because they can work， entertain themselves or sleep on the ride， which encourages urban spread They take their driverless car to an appointment and set the empty vehicle to circle the building to avoid paying for parking Instead of walking a few blocks to pick up a child or the dry cleaning， they send the selfdriving minibus The convenience even leads fewer people to take public transport