小学三年级英语语法-.pdf

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1、。小学三年级英语语法(一)情态动词 cancan 在英语中有一个特殊的名字,叫做情态动词，表示“能够”,“会”,“能力”后面要跟着表示动作的动词。没有时态和人称的变化。表示不能做什么的时候,后面加上not 为 can not,或者缩写为 cant。问别人“能,吗？”要把can 放在句子前面,首字母要大写,句尾别忘加上问号。例句：I can swing.I can draw.She can jump.He can play.We can touch.They can run.I cant sing.You cant see.She cant dance.He cant hear a car.We

2、 cant hear an aeroplane.Can you hear a dog？Can he hear a bus？Can Lucy write？Can you do it?将下面各组词组成句子1._（an,aeroplane,hear,Lucy,can）2._(not,he,dance,can)3._?(you,can,see,what)4._(can,see,not,we,you)5._.(I,can,help,you)6._?(I,can,do,what)7._?(you,can,hear me)8._?(you,can,dance)答案：1.Lucy can hear an ae

3、roplane.2.He can not/can t dance.3.What can you see?4.We can not/can t see you 5.I can help you.6.What can I do?7.Can you hear me?8.Can you dance?(二)人称代词所属格.人称代词表人称主格 be动词及其否定形式所有格，形容性物主代词have/has及其否定形式助动词及其否定形式宾格单数第一人称我Iam/am notmyhave/haventdo/dontme第二人称你youare/aren t yourhave/haventdo/dontyou第三人称

4、他heis/isnthishas/hasn tdoes/doesnthim她sheis/isntherhas/hasn tdoes/doesnther它itis/isntitshas/hasn tdoes/doesntit人名人名is/isnt 人名shas/hasn tdoes/doesn t 人名复数第一人称我们weare/aren t ourhave/haventdo/dontus第二人称你们youare/aren t yourhave/haventdo/dontyou第三人称他们，她们，它们theyare/aren ttheirhave/haven tdo/don tthem注意：主格

5、作主语,其中 she指带代国家,it 可指代天气时间等。宾格作宾语，介词宾语，表语。动词后面用人称宾格形容词性物主代词作定语。名词性物主代词作主语,宾语,介词宾语,表语 书信 yours表示-的,这样的词我们也学习很多了，你能想出来吗？记住这个小口诀就很容易了：我的my，你的 your，他的 his、她的 her./它的是 its;我们的 our;你们的是 your 他们(它们,她们)的是 their/这些人称代词形式称为人称代词所属格,也叫形容词性物主代词。通常用在名词前面表示所属关系。另外，表示某人的还可以用名词或人名+s 来表示。如:my kite;your book;his pen;h

6、er coat;its tail;our class;their teachers;my brothers;book;the cats ears;Marys mother一.写出下列人称代词的所属格形式I_you_he_She_it_ we_You_they_二.用合适的人称代词填空(1)This is Ben.This is _bicycle.(2)I am Kitty._ bag is blue(3)Shes Alice.That s _ umbrella.(4)You are Mr Li._ car is black.(5)Is this _ hat?Yes,it s my hat.(6

7、)That s my mother.That s _ coat.(7)Wheres _ scarf?Here you are.(8)Hes Mr Wang._ gloves are new.三.翻译下列词组1.你的名字_2.我们班 _3.他的小弟弟 _4.我祖母 _5.它的尾巴_6.我的鞋 _7.她的围巾 _ 8.我的衬衫 _9.他们的老师 _10.玛丽的雨伞 _四.用下列单词组句1._(my,is,name,Tom)2._(is,miss,Gao,our,friend)3._(is what,your number,telephone)4._?(mother,your,a teacher,i

8、s)5._?(whos,cap,it,is)答案：一.I(my)you(your)he(his)she(her)it(its)We(our)you(your)they(their)三.1.your name2.our class3.his little brother4.my grandmother5.its tail6.my shoes7.her scarf8.my shirt9.their teacher10.Marys umbrella 四.1.My name is Tom.2.Miss Gao is our friend3.Whats your telephone number?4.I

9、s your mother a teacher?5.Whos cap is it?(三)介词、连词和感叹词1.介词：介词是一种虚词,不能单独使用,必须在介词后面加上个名词或代词使用,作句子成份。介词后面的名词（或相当于名词的其它词）叫做介词的宾语。介词和介词宾语合称为介词短语。介词短语在句中可作壮语、定语或表语。介词如:in 在,里面on在,上面under在,下面等。in the classroomin the treein the hallon the roadon the deskon the floorunder the tableunder the bedunder the chair

10、2.连词：连词是用来连接词与词、短语与短语、句子与句子等的词叫连词。连词是一种虚词，在句子中不能单独作句子成分。连词分两类：一类叫等立连词，另一类叫从属连词。(1).等立连词是用来连接同等的词、词组和分句的。等立连词有许多我们现在只学到了and和 but，其他的以后学到再介绍。如：A and B;blue and white；an apple and a banana;a car and a bus;Lucy and Ben;Ben and Kitty;This is a lorry and thats a drill.I like dolls and you like robots.(2).

11、从属连词是用来引起从句的、从属连词又分为1)引起名词性从句的连接词，如：if，that 等。2）引起壮语从句的连接词，如：when，after，befare等。以后会逐渐学到再介绍。3.感叹词:表示说话人的某种感情(惊讶,高兴,痛苦等)的词叫感叹词。感叹词后常用感叹号。常用的感叹词有：oh（表示惊奇或痛苦），ah（表示惊奇或满意），hello（常被用来打招呼相当于汉语的“喂！”），well（表示惊讶，无奈）如：Hello.Are you Mary?练习：翻译下列词组1.在桌子上面2.在树下面3.在椅子上面4.在盒子里面5.在黑板上6.在书里7.在脸上8.在公共汽车上9.一只猫和一只狗.10.又

12、小又胖答案：1.on the desk2.under the tree3.on the desk4.in the box 5.on the blackboard6.in the book7.on the face8.on the bus9.a cat and a dog10.small and fat(四)单数句和复数句：口诀：单数句子变，变化规则要记住。名词代词要变化，am,is 要变 are。this,that变成啥，these,those来替它。he,she,it 要变啥，全部变 they不用怕。I 要变 we 莫落下，名词后面把s/es加。名前冠词去掉它，其余成分原样加。具体注意下面的

13、六要素：1单数主格人称代词要变成相应的复数主格人称代词，即I we；youyou；she,he,it they。如：She is a girl.They are girls.2 am,is要变为 are。如：Im a student.We are students.3不定冠词 a,an要去掉。如：He is a boy.They are boys.4普通单数名词要变为复数形式。如：It is a cat.They are cats.5指示代词 this,that 要变为 these,those。如：This is a book.These are books.6 man,woman 作定语修饰

14、可数名词时，要在数上与被修饰名词保持一致。但其他名词修饰名词表示性质时，不作变化。如：He is a man doctor.They are men doctors.This is an apple tree.They are apple trees.单复数相互转换，每空一词(含缩写)。1.The woman is a nurse.(改为复数句)The _ _ _.2.There are some old cars.(改为单数句)There _ _ old _.3.He has a new book.(改为复数句)_ _ new _.4.Are these your chicks?(改为单数句

15、)_ _ your _?5.Is there a sheep in the playground?(改为复数句)_ there _ _ in the playground?(五)一般疑问句及特殊疑问句句子基本是：简单陈述句，由简单陈述句转变成肯定句，否定句，疑问句。疑问句是用来提出问题。英语中有四种疑问句:一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择疑问句和反意疑问句。我们现在已经接触到了前两种疑问句。后两种疑问句以后我们还会学到.一.一般疑问句：英语中要用yes和 no 来回答的疑问句叫一般疑问句。如:1）Is it hot?Yes,it is.No,it isnt.be动词引导2）Is it a car?

16、Yes,it is.No,it isnt.be动词引导3）Is this your ruler?Yes,it is.No,it isnt.be动词引导4）Do you like bananas?含实义动词Yes,I like bananas.No,I dont like bananas.5）Can Ming hear a drill?含情态动词Yes,Ming can hear a No,Ming cant hear a drill.陈述句（肯定句，否定句，一般疑问句）的转变规律：1肯定句：2否定句：3.一般疑问句及肯否定回答1)主语+be动词+,.1)主语+be动词+not+,.1）be动词

17、+主语+,？Yes,主语+be动词./No,主语+be动词+not.I am a teacher.I am not a teacher.Are you a teacher？-Yes,I am./No,I am not.My mother is thin.My mother is not/isn tthin.Is your mother thin?-Yes,she is./No,she isn t.They are insects.They are not/arentinsects.Are they insects？-Yes.they are./No,they arent.2)主语+情态动词 c

18、an+,2)主语+情态动词 can+not+,.2）情态动词 can+主语+,？Yes,主语+情态动词 can/No,主语+情态动词 can+not He can jump.He can not/can t jump.Can he jump？-Yes,he can./No,he cant.3)主语+动词+,.3)主语+助动词 do/does+not 3）助动词 do/does+主语+,.动词原形+,.动词原形？Yes,主语+助动词 do/does.No,主语+助动词 do/does+not.He likes to eat apples.He doesnt like to eat apples.

19、Does he like to eat apples？Yes，he does./No，he doesnt.We like to eat apples.We dont like to eat apples.Do you like to eat apples？Yes，we do./No，we dont.二.祈使句：表示请求、命令、建议或劝告等的句子叫祈使句，主语you 常省略。1、肯定形式：一般以动词原形开头。Open the door,please.2、否定形式：在句首谓语动词前加Dont。Dont be late for class.三 特殊疑问句（又叫wh-question）用特殊疑问词来提

20、出问题的疑问句叫作特殊疑问句。特殊疑问词一般要放在句首。常用的疑问词有 what who，which how 等这些词都以 wh 开头（包括 how）所以也叫作 wh-question。特殊疑问句要求回答具体内容。不能用yes或 no 回答。结构：疑问词+一般疑问句。回答不能用yes/no(或相当于 yes/no)回答的问句。答句的句式同肯定句句式：如：What can you see?I can see a cat.What can you hear?I can hear a bus.What can you do?I can sing and dance.What is it?Its a

21、panda.What do you like?I like playing footballHow old are you?Im ten.一.将下列句子变成一般疑问句1 Mr Wang is thirsty_?2.The elephent s ears are long_?3.We like birds_?4.Hello.You are his mother_?5.I can sing and dance._?二 将下列每组词各组成一句特殊疑问句1.(you are how)._?.2.(old how Ben is)_?3.colour is what your shirt_?4.(can see what the on you desk)_?5.(like what do you)_?答案：一.1.Is Mr Wang thirsty?2.Are the elephent s ears long3.Do you like birds?4.Hello.Are you his mother?5.Can you sing and dance?二.1.How are you?2.How old is Ben?3.What colour is your shirt?4.What can you see on the desk?5.What do you like?