人教版初中英语八年级下册各单元考点归纳.docx

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1、人教版初中英语八年级下册各单元考点归纳Unit 1 whats the matter?1 . Ifs +形容词+ for sb. + to do sth.做某事对某人来说 是的。Its important to do sth.做某事很重要。Its important for me to eat a balanced diet.平衡饮食对我来 说是很重要的.Its easy to do sth.做某事是容易的。Ifs easy for us to find out the answer.找出答案对我们来说 是容易的。2 .情态动词should的用法should是情态动词，它的基本用法是必须和其他

2、动词一起构 成谓语。意为应该oshould (应当，应该)用于所有人称，表示劝告或建议。eg. I have a very bad cold.我感冒很厉害。You should lie down and have a rest.你应该躺下，多喝 水。3. maybe 与 may be(1) maybe是副词,译为“也许、可能”,相当于“perhaps”。 如：Maybe he can answer the question.也许他能回答那个问 题。He maybe is from the USA, too.他可能也来自美国。I received an invitation to the par

3、ty , but I refused to acceptit.4. a 6-year-old child 一个六岁的孩子6-year-old是由“数词+名词+形容词”构成的复合形容 词，作前置定语，修饰后面的名词child。“数词+名词+形容词”构成的复合形容词，中间的名词要用单 数形式：a five-year-old girl 一个五岁的女孩a two-meter-long ruler 一把两米长的尺子a ten-story-high building 一栋十层高的楼房a two-inch-thick dictionary 一本两英寸厚的词典5. too.to.太而不能too后跟形容词或副词

4、原形，to后跟动词原形，构成不定 式，句子的主语与动词不定的主语不一时，可以在动词不定式前 加逻辑主语for sboHe is too young to join the army （军队）.他年纪太小，不 能去参军。The math problem is too difficult for me to work out. 这道 数学题对我来说太难了，做不出。tooto可以与enough to和sothat转换.She is too young to do the work .=She isnt old enough to do the work .10Tom is too tired to

5、walk any farther.=Tom is so tired that he cant walk any farther.6. pay , spend , cost, take 的区另U(1 ) pay花费(多少钱)，主语是人。sb. pay some money for sth.I paid 5000 yuan for the computer last week . 我上个星期 花了 5000买电脑。(2) spend花费(多少钱或时间),主语是人。sb. spend some money on sth.sb. spend some time ( in ) doing sth.I s

6、pent 5000 yuan on the computer last week .She spent 2 hours (in ) doing her homework , 她花了 2 个 小时做作业。(3) cost花费(多少钱),主语是物。sth. cost sb. some money.This jacket cost him 200 dollars.这件夹克衫花费她 200 美 7L otake花费(时间),主语形式主语为It.It takes sb. some time to do sth.花费某人多少时间做某事How long does it take sb. to do sth?

7、花费某人多少时间做某事？11It took Liu Hong 2 hours to do her homework.刘红花了 2 个小时做作业。7. sleep , sleeping, sleepy , asleep , fall asleep , be asleepsleep动词，睡觉，强调动作。I am very tired. I want to sleep.我很累，想睡觉。(1) sleeping, sleep的现在分词，表示“正在睡觉”。Dont make so much noise. The baby is sleeping. 不要这 么吵，宝宝在睡觉。(2) sleepy想睡觉的，

8、困倦的。I am a little sleepy. Id like to go to bed.我有点困了，我想 去床上睡觉了。(3) asleep 睡着了的。The teacher found Tom asleep in class and kept him behind after school.老师发现汤姆上课睡觉，放学后就把他留了 下来。(4) fall asleep强调从没有睡着到睡着的过程，不能接一 段时间。I couldnt fall asleep until it was very late last night . 我昨 天晚上到很晚才睡着。(5) be asleep表示睡着后

9、的状态，“睡着了”，可以接一段时间。12He was asleep for three hours.他睡了 3 个小时。8. open(1 )动词，打开，开业，开张，展现Would you mind opening the window ?你介意我把窗户打 开吗？(2 )形容词，be open开着的，开放的On weekends the swimming pool is open to the public. 在 周末，这个游泳池是对公众开放的。9. close动词，关闭，关上,合上closed 形容词，be closed 关着的，关闭的10. encourage动词，鼓励，激励encoura

10、ge sb. to do sth.鼓励某人做某事Parents should encourage children to do things by themselves.家长们应该要鼓励孩子们自己动手做事情。11. progress名词，“进步，进展”make progress 取得进步，取得进展”Tom is now making great progress at school. 汤姆现在在 学校的进步很大。12. take an interest in ( doing ) sth.对(做)某事感兴趣否定表达是 take no interest in ( doing ) sth.对(做)某

11、事不感兴趣13Do you take an interest in English ?你对英语感兴趣吗？Most children take an interest in playing computer games. 大多数孩子对电脑游戏很感兴趣。13. make friends with sb.和某人交朋友Would you like to make friends with us?你想和我们交朋友 吗？Unit 5 What were you doing when the rainstorm came?1. arrive at到达（小地方）arrive in到达（大地方）reach至U达

12、get to到达I arrived in Beijing last night. = I reached Beijing last night.=I got to Beijing last night.如果宾语是副词here, there, home,要把at/in/to省略。arrive here/there/homeget here/there/home2. in front of.在的前面（某一范围外的前面）in the front of.在的前面（某一范围内的前面）There are some big trees in front of the classroom building.

13、在教室的前面有一些大树。14I like sitting in the front of the taxi.我喜欢坐在出租车的前排位置。3. take off(1)起飞When did the plane take off yesterday?飞机什么时候起飞？(2)脱下(衣帽等)He took off his coat as soon as he went into the room.他 一进房间就脱掉了外套。(3)取消They will take off the 5 am train .他们取消了 早上 5 点的火 车。4. get out (of ). 从离开/出去/下来A car st

14、opped and a girl got out of it.但从汽车/火车/船/飞机/马匹上下来，用get offfollow(1)跟随 I followed him up he hill.我跟着他上了山.沿着前进 Follow this road until you get to the postoffice.顺着这条路一直到邮局.(3)听懂，理解 Could you speak more slowly? I cant follow you.你能说慢点吗？我听不懂。(4) follow sb. to do sth.跟着某人做某事15Please follow me to read the

15、story.请跟我读这个故事。5. shout at大声喊叫，多指因生气而非善意的大声叫喊Dont shout at the little boy. He is too young.不要对他大 叫，他还太小。shout to大声喊叫，多指因距离远而不得不大声叫喊We should shout to him , or he cant hear us. 我们应该朝 他叫喊，否则他听不到我们的声音。6. happen发生，具体事件偶然的没有预见的发生happen to do sth.碰巧做某事I happened to meet one of my old friends in the park y

16、esterday .昨天我在公园碰巧遇见我的一个老朋友。(1) sth happens to sb.某人发生了某事An car accident happened to him last month.上个月他发 生了交通事故.take place 发生(1)按计划进行或按计划发生Great changes have taken place in China in recent years. 最近几年中国发生了巨大的变化.(2)(运动/活动/会议等)举行The meeting will take place next Friday.运动会将于下星期 五举行。take the place of 代

17、替，取代16Plastics can sometimes take the place of wood and metal .塑料有时能代替木材和金属.take oneJs place坐某人的位置，代替某人的职务Come to take my place, my seat is near the window . 来做我的位置，我的座位靠近窗户。7. anywhere任何地方，常用于否定句或疑问句中.Did you go anywhere last night?你昨天还去了别的地方了吗？somewhere某个地方，用于肯定句。come and see me. Then well go out

18、somewhere. 来我家找 我，然后我们出去逛逛。everywhere 处处,至!J处=here and thereI cant find my pen though I looked for it everywhere. 尽管 我到处都找过了，还是找不到我的钢笔。11. silence名词，寂静/无声Theres nothing but silence in the room. 屋内寂静无声。Keep in silence. 保持沉默.silent形容词，沉默的，寂静的The old house was quite silent. 这所老房子寂静无声。The cat moved on s

19、ilent feet.那只猫无声地走动着。12. hear 听到17Can you hear someone knocking at the door?你听至U有人 敲门了吗？(1) hear of听说，后接表示人或物的词I have never heard of him before.我以前从来没有听说过 他。(2 ) hear about听说，后接表示事件的名词Ive just heard about his川ness.我刚刚听说他生病的事。Have you heard about the accident ?你听说了那场事故 吗？(3) hear from收到某人的来信I heard f

20、rom my daughter in New York yesterday.我昨天 收到在纽约的女儿的来信。13. 主语+ be + one of the +形容词最高级+复数名词 + in / of 短语。是中最的之一.This was one of the most important events in modern American history.这是美国历史上最重要的事件之一。Xiamen is one of the most beautiful cities in China. 厦门是 中国最漂亮的城市之一。14. experience(1)名词经验，不可数名词；经历，体验，可数

21、名词18Have you had any experience of fishing? 你有钓鱼的经验吗？Could you tell us about your experiences in Africa? 你能给 我们谈谈你在非洲的经历吗？(2)动词经历，感觉The children experienced many difficulties this time. 这次 孩子们经历了许多困难.experienced形容词有经验的be experienced in/at doing sth. = have much experience in/at doing sth.做某事很有经验.She

22、 is an experienced teacher.他是一个经验丰富的教师。He is very experienced in/at repairing cars. 他修车彳艮有经 验。15. as . as .和一样 两个as之间用形容词或副词的原形。He works as carefully as she.他和她一样工作认真。She is as tall as her mother.她和母亲样高。not asas.不如某人/某物He isnt as / so old as he looks .他不像看起来那么老。She doesnt run as / so fast as her bro

23、ther.她不如她哥哥 跑得那么快。19（2） may be中的may为情态动词，译为“可能是”。如:He may be from the USA, too.他可能也来自美国。She may be our English teacher.她可能是我们的英语老 师。4. few、a few、little、a little 的区别和联系：（1） few/a few用来修饰可数名词，few表示否定意义，没 有，几乎没有；a few表示肯定意义，有几个。例如：He has few friends here, he feels lonely.他这里没朋友，他 感觉寂寞。There are a few e

24、ggs in the basket.篮子里有几个鸡蛋。（2） little/a little用来修饰不可数名词，little表示否定意义, 没有，几乎没有；a little表示肯定意义，有一点儿。例如：There is little ink in my bottle. Can you give me a little ink?我的瓶子里没有墨水了，你能给我点儿墨水吗？5. not.until直到（否定句）才,动词为短暂性或瞬 间性动词。She didnt leave until we came.He went shopping after he got up.=He didnt go shop

25、ping until /before he got up.until/till直到（肯定句）动词为延续性动词We stayed here till/until 12 oclock.Unit 2 Ill help clean the city parks.15. have fun = have a good/great/wonderful time = enjoy oneself玩得开心，过得愉快Did you have fun at the party? 昨天在派对上玩的开心吗？=Did you have a good/great/wonderful time ?=Did you enjoy

26、yourself ?have fun doing sth.开心做某事Im just having fun playing the guitar .我正开心的弹吉他 呢。16. accident事故,意外遭遇He was killed in an accident.他死于一起意外事故.traffic accident 交通事故Many people die in traffic accidents every year. 每年有彳艮 多人死于交通事故。by accident偶然，意夕卜地We met at the airport by accident.我们偶然在机场遇见。18. think a

27、bout考虑（某个计划）They are thinking about moving to Beijing.他们考虑搬去北 京。think of 认为 What do you think of the movie?= how do you like the movie?你认为这部电影怎么样？think over仔细思考20We need a few days to think over this matter.我。需要几 天时间来考虑这个事情。19. 感叹句what引导的感叹句(1) What a beautiful girl (she is )!多么美的姑娘呀！(2) What a clev

28、er boy ( he is )!多么聪明的男孩呀！(3) What interesting pictures ( they are )!多么美的图片 呀！(4) What tall buildings (they are )!多么高的楼呀！(5) What delicious food ( it is ) !多么可口的食物呀！(6) What bad weather ( it is ) !多么坏的天气呀！规律：what + ( a/an ) +形容词+名词(+主语+谓语) + !名词为不可数名词或复数名词时，形容词前面不能有a/an。how引导的感叹句How heavy the box is

29、!多么重的箱子呀！How fast he runs!他跑得多快呀！(7) How careful the girl is!多么细心的姑娘呀!How well she plays the piano!她的钢琴弹得多好呀！20. 过去进行时过去进行时的用法(1)过去某一时刻正在进行的动作。21What were you doing at 8:30 this morning?今天早上 8 点 半你正在做什么？When I called him, he was having dinner.当我打电话给他 时，他正在吃饭。(2)过去某段时间正在进行的动作。What were you doing from

30、 seven to nine yesterday? 你昨 天7点到9点在做什么？I was reading the whole morning yesterday. 我昨天一整个 早上都在看书。过去进行时的构成(1)肯定句：主语+ was / were +动词ing形式+时间 状语。(2)否定句：主语+ was / were + not +动词ing形式+ 时间状语。(3)疑问句：was / were +主语+动词ing形式+时间 状语？肯定回答：Yes ,主语+ was / were .否定回答：No,主语+ was / were + not .Unit 6 An old man tried

31、 to move the mountains.1. What do you think about/of.?So what do you think about the story of Yu Gong?=How d o you like the story of Yu Gong?你觉得愚公的故事如何？222. It doesnt seem adj. to do sth.It doesnt seem very possible to move a mountain. 把座 山给移掉好像不太可能。3. This is because.This is because he can make 72

32、changes to his shape an d size, turning himself into different animals and objects. 这 是 因为他会根据他的形状和大小，做出72种变化，可以将自己变 成不同的动物或东西。4. . so. that+从句Sometimes he can make the stick so small that he can keep it in his ear.有时候他使金箍棒变得如此小以至于他可以把 它放在耳朵里。5. It takes sb. some time to do sth.Because they were so

33、big that it took a long time to walk to the other side.因为它们如此之大以至于走到另一边花费了很长 时间。6. .not.until十从句直到才Dont eat it until you get to the forest.你们到达森林之后才 能吃。7. shoot v,射，射击，过去式shotHou Yi shoots the sun.后羿射日。shoot at sth.瞄准/朝射击238. as soon as一就,冈I)就”I will tell him the news as soon as he comes back. 他一回 来

34、我就把消息告诉他。He took out his English book as soon as he sat down. 他一 坐下就把英语书拿出来了。9. A god was so moved by Yu Gong that he send two god s to take the mountains away.(1) move v.打动；使感动be moved (by sth./sb.)(被某人/事)感动I was moves by your kindness.我被你的善良打动了。(2)take (.) away (把)带走，拿走Someone took my iPhone away

35、while I was waiting in the station.当我在车站等车的时候，有人拿走了我的iphone。take out带出去，拿出去take turns (to do.)轮流做某事10. remind v.“提醒，使想起”，及物动词remind sb. of sth.让我们想起某事The old photo reminds me of my childhood. 这张老照片让 我想起了我的童年。(1) remind sb. to do sth.提醒某人做某事：My parents often remind me to study hard.我的父母总是提醒我要努力学习。241

36、1.1 think ifs a little bit silly.我认为那有点儿傻。a little bit意为“有点儿”，后加形容词，相当于a little, a bitThis is a little bit difficult for me.这对我来说有点难。12. turn.into.变成”Please turn this into English.请把这个译成英语。Joan is turning into a sk川ed musician.琼正在变成一个技 艺精湛的音乐家。13. at other times 有时，在其他时候”At other times he doesnt hav

37、e to get up at all.平时他根本 不必起来。Sometimes we went to the beach and at other times we w ent to climb the mountains.我们有时候去海滩，有时去爬山。14. come out(1)出版That magazine comes out every Monday.那本杂志每周一 出版。(2)出来，出现，开花The stars come out as soon as it was dark. 天一黑星星就 出来了。(2)传出，真相大白The truth has come out at last.最后

38、真相大白 了 。2515. become interested in , 对 感 兴趣=be interested in,后接名词，代词，动名词I became interested in piano.我对钢琴感兴趣。16. whole adj.全部的，整体的whole后通常跟可数名词，前加the/this/ my等形容词性物主 代词修饰The old man told us the whole story.老人给我们讲了整个 故事。all也指所有的”,修饰可数或不可数名词，放在the/ this/ my 等词前。17. be made of.由制成，看得出原材料；be made from.由

39、制成，看不出原材料。Unit 7 Whafs the highest mountain in the world?1. It is adj. + (for sb.) to do sth.It is very hard to take in air as you get near the top.当你接 近山顶时，连呼吸都会困难。2. . is because .One of the main reasons is because people want to challe nge themselves in the face of difficulties.其中的一个主要的原 因是人们想要在面

40、临困难时挑战自己。3. .show(s) (sb) that.26The spirit of these climbers shows us that we should never give up trying to achieve our dreams.这些登山者的精神向我们 证明：我们永远都不应该放弃实现自己的梦想。4. 表达事物的长，宽，高，深？sth. /sb. +be+数量+单位+形容词 long, wide, tall, deep。The river is 2 meters deep.Qomolangma is 8,844.43 meters high.longlength （n

41、.长度）widewidth （n.宽度）deepdepth（n.深度）high-height（n.高度）the length/depth/ width/height/size of sth. . 的长度，深 度，宽度，高度，面积问事物的高，深，宽，长？How high/deep/tall/wide/long/is.?How high is Qomolangma?珠穆朗玛峰有多高？5. The first Chinese team did so in1960, while the first woman to succeed was Junko Tabei.1） while,此处是“而，然而，”

42、轻微对比。不是“当时候”，用 在句中，前面有逗号。2） succeed, v.成功27 succeed in doing sth.He succeeded in finishing the work.他成功的完成了工作。success n.“成功”不可数Confidence is the key to success.自信是成功的关键。success n. “成功的人，物”，可数He is a great success.他是一个很成功的人。successful adj.成功的，successfully adj.成功地7. Adult pandas spend more than12 hour

43、s a day eating 10 kilos of bamboo.bamboo做“竹子做的食物或“竹子制品”不可数，bamboo chair；但做植物讲时可数。1) sb. spend + time/money + on sth./in doing sth.2) sb. pay +money +for sth.某人为某物支付多少钱It takes sb + time+ to do sth.花费某人多长时间做某事3) sth + cost +money 某物值多少钱。8. Canada is a lot less crowded than China.加拿大不及中 国拥挤很多。less+adj

44、+than 不及Joseph is less honest than his brother,约瑟夫不像他兄弟 那样诚实。less than (中间不加任何词)少于 There are less than 30 girls in my class.我们班不足30个女生。28more than （中间不加任何词）“超过，多于，相当于over”There are more than 30 girls in my class. 我们班有超过 30个女生。Unit 8 Have you read Treasure Island?1. Have you read Little Woman yet?你读过

45、小妇人这本 书吗？现在完成时的基本句型：肯定式：主语+助动词have/has +动词的过去分词。疑问式：助动词Have/Has +主语+动词的过去分词？否定式：主语+助动词have/has + not +动词的过去分词。现在完成时的主要用法1）表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。常和 副词 already, yet, never, ever,before Just 等连用。.I have finished my homework. I am free.（我已经完成了家 庭作业，对现在造成的结果是很有空）2）表示过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态。常与since +过去的时间点，fo

46、r +一段时间，so far等时间状语连用。I have learnt English for more than ten years. 我已经学了 10多年的英语。（从10年前开始,持续到现在还在学）She has swum since half an hour before. 我已经游泳了半 个小时。（半个小时前已经开始游泳，到现在还在游）291.短语动词小结常见动词短语结构有下面几种：(1)动词+副词如：give up放弃；turnoff关掉；stay up 熬夜这种结构有时相当于及物动词，如果其宾语是代词，就必须 放在动词和副词之间，如果是名词，则既可插在动词和副词之间， 也可放在短语

47、动词后。(2)动词+介词 如：listen of 听;look at 看;belong to 属 于这种结构相当于及物动词，后面跟宾语。(3)动词+副词+介词 如：come up with提出，想出；run out of用完，耗尽(4)动词+名词+介词 如：take part in 参力口； catch hold of 抓住each每个，各自的，强调事物的个别情况，常与of连用every每个，每一个的，一切的，有“全体”的意思不能与of连 用help sb. (to) do 帮助某人做某事 help him (to) studyhelp sb. with sth.帮助某人做某事 help him with Englishhelp do 帮助做某事 help studyalready/yet 的区别：already往往用于肯定句，用在疑问句时表示强调或加强语 气；yet用于否定句和疑问句。He has already