高中英语语法专题2代词教案（含解析）新人教版必修1.docx

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1、二、代词人称代词1主格Iyouhesheitwethey安格meyouhimheritusthem人称代词的用法1 .人称代词作主语，用主格。如：We 1 ove our country.我们热爱我们的祖国。2 .人称代词作宾语，用宾格。如：girl. Weis a nice girl. We all like her.温妮是个好姑娘。我们都喜欢她。3 .人称代词在口语中，用宾格。如：If I were her, I would stay.要是我是她，我就留下来。2人称代词的宾格代替主格的几种场合1.在口常生活中，人称代词作表语时，常用代词的宾格。如:A:Who is knocking at

2、the door?谁在敲门呀？B: Its me.是我。2 . 口语中，当人称代词孤立地用于不带谓语的句子中作主语时，常用代词的宾格。如：A: I don t want to go to the theater tonight.今晚我不想去剧院。B:Me neither.我也不想去。A: I would like to stay here for another *eek.我想在这里再呆一周。B:Me too.我也是。3 .在带as和than的比较级后面，许多场合下用代词的宾格。如：She knows me as well as him.她像了解他一样了解我。He is taller than

3、 me.他比我高。4. 口语中，当人称代词用于带有强烈感情色彩的句子中作主语且其后不带宾语时，多用代词的宾格。如：A:You ought to do it at once.你应该马上做。The problem is harder than that one.这个问题比那个更难。 词汇辨析：it, one,与thatit是用来代替前文出现的同一事物，即指同类同物，代替可数或不可数名词。复数是they （主格）them （宾格）I left my electronic dictionary in my drawer, but today it is gone.我把电子词典放在抽屉里，可 今天不见了

4、。（it指上文提到的electronic dictionary）one代替与前面事物同属一类但非同一个的可数名词，表示泛指意义。复数为。nes.如：I don t 1 ike this type of Cl） player. Could you show me a better one?我不喜欢这种类型的CD播放机，能不能给我拿一个更好一点的？ （one指CD pkiyer）that用来代替前面出现的特指的单数可数名词或特指的不可数名词，可以指同类；它的复数形式是 those,用来替代前面特指的复数名词，只能指物不能指人。如：Marys handwriting is far better th

5、an that of Henry.玛丽的书法比亨利的好多了。（that 指 the handwriting）.either, neithereither表示“两者中任何一个“；neither表示“两者中任何一个都不”;either, neither是一对意义相反 的代词，二者用法相同，都可作主语，宾语和定语。如:Either is OK.（作主语）两个随便哪个都行。You may take either of the books.作宾语）两本书中随你拿一本。There arc roses on either side of the road.（作定语）路两旁种着玫瑰花。either和neith

6、er作主语时，谓语动词常用单数形式。如：Neither is willing to help her.两人都不愿帮她。注意：neither后可跟of短语如：Neither of them is interested in the film.他们两个都对那部电影没兴趣。either用作代词，可以单独使用，也可和of连用，of后接第数名词，名词前要用一个物主代词，指 示代词或定冠词。如：He doesn, t like either of the two places.他不喜欢这两个地方中的任何一个。either. or 不是.就是.；或者或者.”neither.nor 既不.也不.皆为并列连词，

7、连接句中两并列成分，连接两并列主语时，谓语动词在人称和数上应遵循就近一致的原则， 即根据与谓语动词最靠近的主语决定谓语动词的人称和数的形式。如：Either he or you have stolen my watch.不是他就是你偷了我的手表。10/18Neither my sister nor I am willing to work with you.我姐姐和我都不愿和你一起工作。either在否定句中常位于句末，表示“也”之意，此时either为副词。如：I don t 1 ike maths and he dislike it, either.我不喜欢数学,他也不喜欢。neither

8、表示“也不”，位于句首。后面使用倒装语序。如:This shirt doesn t fit me;neither does that one.这种衬衣不合我的身，那件也一样。2 . both, allboth “两者，都”仅指两个人或物；all “全部，都”指三个或三个以上的人或物；bothof/all of后为 名词时，of可以省略。为代词宾格时，of不可以省略。如：All (of) the students went to the concert last night.昨晚所有的学生都去听音乐会了。She invited both of us to her birthday party.她

9、邀请我们两个参加她的生日宴会。al指事物的整体或抽象概念时用作单数，指人时用作复数。如：All is going perfectly.一切进展顺利。All are here, so let get started.所有人都到齐了,咱们开始吧。both和all都可置于定冠词等限定词之前，也可以直接修饰名词。如：All the windows are open.所有的窗户都开着。Both my sister and my cousin like playing cards.我的妹妹和表弟都喜欢打扑克。both,all作主语同位语时应位于实义动词之前，系动词，助动词或情态动词之后。如:They bo

10、th like coffee very much.他们两个都很喜欢喝咖啡。The people all agree to pass a law to protect wild animals.人们一致同意通过一项保护野生动物的法令。They have both been living in Beijing for 20 years.他们两个在北京生活 20 年了。You should all hand in your work tomorrow.明天你们必须把作业交上。在简略答语中，al和both不可置于句末。A:Were you al 1 present at the meeting?你们都

11、出席会议了吗？B:Yes, we all were.是的,我们都出席了。A:Hcive you finished the homework?你们完成作业了吗?B: Yes, we both have.是的，我们都完成了。注意：all的全部否定形式是none； both的全部否定形式是neither如：None of us is a worker. / None of us arc workers.我们都不是工人。Neither of us is going to share the cost.我们俩都不承担这笔费用。all, both与not连川表示部分否定如：Not anyone, no o

12、nesomething, anything, nothingeverybody,everyone, everything.作主语时，谓语动词一-律用单数。人员：Everything is ready for the meeting.Is anybody absent?注意：作反义疑间句，指物时，一律用单数Everything is ready, isn t it?指人时 Somebody was here yesterday, wasn* t he?Nobody came here yesterday, did they?（看不出单复数时，表泛指）.当形容词修饰复合不定代词时，应放在其后，作后

13、置定语。如：He said nothing new.My mother cooked something rice for dinner.注意：复合不定代词可与else连用。如：Nobody else but Robert could ever say this thing.除了罗伯特,其他人未曾说过这件事。Ask somebody else to help you.请别人帮你吧。1 .复合不定代词后不可接of短语，但分开写的some one, every one, any one定后可接of短语。如：Every one of the students can speak good Engli

14、sh.这些学生中每个人都能说一口流利的英语。You may tell any one of us.你可以告诉我们中的任何一个人。（no one后不可接of短语，但none可以）疑问代词who, whom, whose, what, which.1 whowh。指人，是主格。主要作主语或表语。如：Who saw you?谁看见你了？Who is that girl哪女孩是谁?2whomwhom指人，为wh。的宾格，用作定语。如：With whom did you go to the concert?你和谁去听音乐会?3whosewhose是用来询问某人或某物属于谁的，在句中放在名词前作定语。如：

15、Whose bicycle is this?这是谁的自行车？4whatwhat用于对未知事物提问，主要指事物，也可以指人的职业或身份特征，还可用来询问价格，人口数量等。如：What do you usually do on Sundays?星期天你经常做什么？What color do you 1 ike?你喜欢什么颜色？What is your falher?你父亲是做什么职业的？What. for?有时省略为What for?用来询问原因或目的。如：What do you spend all the money?for你为什么把那些钱都花光了?What for?We still have

16、enough food in the apartment.为什么？在公寓里我们仍然还有足够的食物。What i.用来表示假设，建议，征求意见或疑虑等。如：What if it rains while we are on the way?要是旅途中下雨怎么办？What if I go with you to the bazaar tomorrow?明天我和你们一块去集市怎么样？What about. ?表示建议或征求对方意见。如：What about going to the zoo?去动物园怎么样?I don t want to leave, what about you?我不想走，你呢？Wh

17、at do yon mean用于向对方表示愤怒，不满等情绪。如：What do you mean by shutting the door so loudly?你这么大声关门是什么意思?What do you mean by shouting at me?你对着我大嚷是什么意思？whichwhich可指人或事物，表示在某一范围内选择。用于必须做出某种特定的选择时，which后可以加。f,而 what则不可以。如:Which color do you 1 ike better, red or yellow?红色和黄色你更喜欢哪一种？B： What?Me!什么？我！3多个人称代词并列时的顺序在英语

18、中如果出现多个人称代词，其排列的顺序主要有如下几种情况：1 .单数的场合：you+he/she +1如：You,he and I will go shopping tomorrow.你，他和我明天将去购物。2 .复数的场合：we +you +they如：We, you and they are all Chinese.我们，你们和他们都是中国人。3 .男女两性并列场合:he+she如：He and sho don t agree with me.他和她不同意我的看法。4 .承认错误或承担责任时：I +he/she+you如：I and he are to blame for the accid

19、ent.我和他应为这次事故承担责任。5 . You and I是固定结构，即使是在承认过失时，词序也不变。如：You and I are to blame.我和你应为此负责。4he和she的特殊用法（此部分超出提纲要求，仅做了解）he可指代雄性动物或庞大而又威猛之物。she可指代雌性动物或柔弱，优美之物，也可代表拟人化说法中的国家，月亮,汽车，轮船等无生命的东 西，以表达其喜爱或亲切之情。如：The fierce tiger carme at the monkey, but he missed heitiger, her 指 monkey）凶猛的老虎向猴 子扑来，可没扑到。China wi 1

20、1 always do what she has promised to do.中国将始终履行自己的诺言。The moon loses her brilliance when the sun makes his appearance.太阳一出来，月凫就失去 了她的 光辉。She was Titanic, a ship which was said never to sink.她就是泰坦尼克号，据说是一艘永不沉没的船。报刊的编辑和文章的作者，在发表观点时，常用we代替I （同样地，用。ur代替my）如:We believe that China will still make greater p

21、rogress.我们相信中国将会有更大的发展。In our opinion this is the best film of the year.我们认为这是今年最好的一部电影。6we, you, they有时超出人称的区别,都可以泛指一般人，指“人们”，单数用he如：We never know the worth of the well till it is dry.失去了才知道可贵。You cant live without air and water离开空气和水，人就无法生存。They say theirs going to be another good harvest this yea

22、r.人们说今年又将是个丰收年。He laughs best who laughs last.谁笑到最后谁笑的最好。7it的用法1 .指刚提到过的事物，以避免重复。如:A： When did the letter come?这封信什么时候送来的？B： It delivered this morning.今天早上送来的。2 .指未知性别的婴儿或孩子。如：What a beautiful baby, is it a boy?多漂亮的宝宝呀，是男孩吗？3 .指不明身份的人。如：A： Who is it knocking at the door?谁在敲门？B: It might be the postm

23、an.可能是邮递员。4 .指时间或季节。如：It is ten oclock.现在是十点钟。It is late autumn.现在已是深秋了。5 .指天气，环境。如：Its raining hard outside.外面雨下得正大。It is noisy in here.这里很嘈杂。6 .指距离。如：It is half an hour s walk to the city centre.走到市中心只需半小时。7 .用于形式主语或形式宾语。简单句：It is hard to learn English well, （it 做形式主语,真正主语是 learn English）I find it

24、 hard to learn English well. （hard为宾语补足语,语义上的补充）（it做形式宾语,真正宾语是 learn English）复合句:I find （that） it is hard to learn English well 宾语从句）（主句是 I find,系表为 itis引导的从句）.用于强调结构中，不作任何成分注意：在强调结构中，不能强调谓语部分。is/was. that/who. i s/was. that/who.如：The students are learning grammar in the classroom now.- It is the st

25、udents who are leeirning grammar in the classroom now.- *It is grammar that the students are learning in the classroom now.- *It is in the classroom that the students are learning grammar now.- *It is now that the students are learning grammar in the classroom.8 .用来代替上文提到过的句子。this上文发生过的，下文要说的事。（通常）t

26、hat只能指代上文说过的一个名词。it通常指代上文的一句话。如：You saved my life. I never forget it.He bought me a shirt. I like it.He bought me a shirt.I like that.9 . It常用的固定句型：It takes sb. to do某人用多长时间做某事如：It took the man a week to mend our roof.这些人花了一周时间修好我们的屋顶。 It1 s（about/high） time that should.是该做某事的时侯了如：Its （about/high）ti

27、me that we should take action.该是采取行动的时候了。 Its the+序数词+time （that） . have + v-ed 第几次做某事了如：It is the third time that he has failed the driving test.这是他第一:次没能通过驾驶考试。Its. since.从.已（多长时间了 ）如：It is five years since he stopped smoking.他戒烟五年了。It was not. before. ; It won it be long before.用不了多长时间某动作发生了；过不了多

28、久某动作将要发生如：It was not long before they arrived. It won, t be long before he returns from abroad.没 过多久他们就到了。不久以后他们就要回国。物主代词1形容词性物主代词yyourhisheritsourtheir名词性物主代词mineyourshishersitsourstheirs形容词性物主代词相当于形容词，放在名词前作定语如：Its not my computer.那不是我的电脑。She turned away her eyes.她把目光移开。Is this your coat?这是你的大衣吗?1

29、 .形容词性物主代词后可加。wn表示强调，意为“自己的，完全属于自己的如：Monica has her own computer.莫妮卡有自己的电脑。I won t believe anything unless I see it with my own eyes.除非我亲眼看见,否则我不会相信任 何事情。2 .形容词性物主代词常用来构成固定短语，此时代词不可缺少。try ones luck 碰运气in ones opinion依某人的观点 2名词性物主代词相当于名词，不能用于名词之前名词性物主代词相当于形容词性物主代词加上前面所提到的名词，其功能如下：1 .作主语：This is not m

30、y dictionary. Mine is lent to Lucy.这不是我的字典，我的借给露西了。2 .作宾语：Every person showed his ticket and I showed mine.每个人都出示了票,我也出示了我的。3 .作表语：This camera is mine and that is you.这架照相机是我的，那是你的。4 .与。f连用构成双重所有格作定语：I am a great admirer of yours.我是你的一位崇拜者。反身代词反身代词表示动作对象是发出者本身。反身代词单数Byselfyourselfhiaselfherselfitselfoneself反身代词复数ourselves yourselvesthemselves1反身代词的用法1 .作宾语反身代词作宾语表示动作的承受者就是动作的执行者自己。 如：I hope you will enjoy yourselv