新版现代大学英语第12课A-Fundamental-Technique-in-Handling-People.ppt

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1、Unit 12Unit 12A A Fundamental Technique in Fundamental Technique in Handling PeopleHandling PeopleDale CarnegieDale CarnegieParagraph 1Paragraph 1WhatdidB.FSkinnerprovetous?Doeswhathehasfoundapplytohumans?Doyouagreewithhimbasedonyourownexperience?Whataboutcriticism?Isiteffectiveandwhy?Whatis“putaper

2、sononthedefensive?”Itmeans“tomakesb.trytodefendhimselffromattacksorcriticism.”Whatis“strivetojustifyhimself”Itmeans“tryeverymeanstoprovethatwhatheorshedoesisrightorreasonable.”Paraphrase“Criticismisusuallyfutilejustifyhimself.”Translate“Criticismisalsooften.arousesresentment.”intoChinese.So,onthewho

3、le,whatkindofopinioncanyougetfrompara.1B.F Skinner,the world-famous psychologist,proved through his experiments that an animal rewarded for good behavior will learn much more rapidly and retain what it learns far more effectively than an animal punished for bad behavior.What does this sentence mean

4、to you?e.g.Hisspeechcouldnotretaintheinterestofhisaudience.Hold/keepParagraph 2Paragraph 2Analyze the structure“Abraham Lincoln lay dying”and“there lies the most.has ever known.”Why does the author mention Abraham Lincoln?He thinks that Lincoln is good at dealing with people.Accompanycircumstances I

5、nvertedclauseintroducedby“there”Paragraph 3Paragraph 3From what aspects did the author do in studying Lincolns success in dealing with people?Exhausitive Did he criticize people?Evidence:as a young man.As a practicing lawyer.uindulgeuPracticing lawyerThen what happened?He did this just once too ofte

6、nChallenge Fight to the death Paragraph 4Paragraph 4What lesson did Lincoln learn from his previous experiences?Never again did he write an insulting letter.Never again did he ridicule anyone.eg:我再也不会犯同样的错误了。NeveragainwillImakethesamemistake.Invaluableinvertedsentence applyto:对适用e.g.Thislawdoesnotap

7、plytothepresentsituation.Other collocations of“apply”:applyto:向某机构提出申请e.g.Youhavetoapplytotheschoolauthorities.applyfor:为某事提出申请e.g.Doyouknowhowtoapplyforascholarship?Paragraph 5Paragraph 5Time after time,during the Civil War,what happened?（new generals he appointed made many mistakes during the civi

8、l war.)blunder pace the floor:Eg:pace the room 在房间里踱来踱去How about the nations attitude towards these generals?But what about Lincolns attitude?(with malice toward none,with charity for all.Judge not,that ye be not judged.)Paraphrase these two sentences:Hold ones peace:hold ones tongue 保持沉默P Paragraph

9、 6-11aragraph 6-11Frompreviousparagraph,weknowthatcriticizingothersisnotgood,wearenotsuggestedtocriticizeothers,butifsomeonehastheoccasiontocriticize,thenwhoishe?-occasionWhathappenedinthebattle?-retreat-deluge-surgeWhatdidGeneralMeadedo?-point-blankWhatwasLincolnsattitudestowardthismatter?-inbitter

10、disappointment-wrotealetterofgreatrestraintParaphraseLincolnsattitudesLincolnwasverydisappointedandangry,butwhenhewrotetheletterherestrainedhimself(controlledhisbadfeeling)I do not believe you appreciate the magnitude of the misfortune involved in Lees escape.He was within our easy grasp.And to have

11、 closed upon him would,in connection with our other successes,have ended the war.As it is,the war will be prolonged indefinitely.If you could not safely attack Lee last Monday,how can you possibly do so south of the river,when you can take with you very few-no more than two-thirds of the force you t

12、hen had in hand?It would be unreasonable to expect and I do not expect that you can now affect much.Your golden opportunity is gone,and I am distressed immeasurably because of it.Itseasyforustocapturethemandgotthevictory.WhatdoyouthinkMeadedidwhenhereadtheletter?WhydidntLincolnmailtheletter?-shriek-

13、thewoundedandthedying-itiswaterunderthebridgenow-impair医生的天职就是救死扶伤Thedoctorsdutyandobligationtohealthewoundedandrescuethedying.S Secondexample:MarkTwainecondexample:MarkTwainWhatwouldMarkTwaindowhilehewasingreatanger?(wrotelettersthatturnedthepaperbrown.)Whatexampledidtheauthorgiveus?Firstexample:(t

14、hethingforyouisaburialpermit.)(YouhaveonlytospeakandIwillseethatyougetit.”)Secondexample:(Aproofreadersattemptto“improvemyspellingandpronunciation.”)(MarkTwainordered:setthematteraccordingtomycopyhereafterandseethattheproofreaderretainshissuggestionsinthemushofhisdecayedbrain)Thewordshewroteinthelet

15、terfullofanger(indignation)wouldburnthepaperbrownGuarantee/makesureSettype/composetype/layoutWhatshisfeelingafterwritingthesekindsofletters?(fellbetterandallowedhimtoblowoffsteam.)Didtheletterarouseanyresentmentorinfluence?(No,becausehiswifesecretlyliftedthemoutofthemail.)uAfterreadingthisresult,wha

16、tisyourthoughts?Anythingbasedonthislastsentence?(openanswer)lHaveyoueverthoughtaboutchangingorregulateorimproveaperson?whatdoyouthinkaboutthischange,easyordifficult?lHowbouttheauthorsattitudestowardsthisquestion?(Iaminfavorofit.Butwhynotbeginonyourself,fromapurelyselfishstandpoint,itismoreprofitable

17、thantryingtoimproveothers,andalotlessdangerous.)So,whatdidConfuciussaytous?Andwhendealingwithpeoplewhatshouldwethinkabout?loseonestemperT Third example:Thomas Hardyhird example:Thomas Hardy WhoisThomasHardy?ThomasHardy,(2June184011January1928)wasanEnglishnovelistandpoet.hewasinfluencedbothinhisnovel

18、sandinhispoetrybyRomanticism.HewashighlycriticalofmuchinVictoriansociety,thoughHardyfocusedmoreonadecliningruralsociety.Doyouknowsomeofhisgreatworks?Far from the Madding Crowd(1874),The Mayor ofCasterbridge(1886),Tess of the dUrbervilles(1891),andJude theObscure(1895).Whathappenedtohiswritingcareer?

19、(HegaveupthewritingoffictionbecausesharpcriticismdroveanotherEnglishpoet,ThomasChatterton,tosuicide)Analyzethestructureofthefirstsentence德伯家的苔丝远离尘嚣Bitter criticism caused the sensitive Thomas Hardy,one of the finest novelists ever to enrich English literature,to give up forever the writing of fictio

20、n.TheForthTheForthexample:BenjaminFranklinexample:BenjaminFranklinWasBenjaminFranklingoodathandlingpeoplewhenhewasyoung?(no,hewastactless,butlaterhebecamediplomatic,soadroitathandlingpeople.)Whatisthesecretofhissuccess?(Iwillspeakillofnoman,andspeakallthegoodIknowofeverybody.)TosaybadthingsaboutPara

21、graph 17-21WhatsthecommentonfoolsbasedonDaleCaregie?(anyfoolcancriticize,condemnandcomplain-andmostfoolsdo.)TranslateitintoChinese:任何傻瓜都会批评，谴责和抱怨-极大多数的傻瓜也就是这样做的Whatsuggestionsdoestheauthorgiveusinparagraph18?(Ittakescharacterandself-controltobeunderstandingandforgiving.)Paraphrasethesentence:Ifyouwa

22、nttounderstandandforgivepeople,youneedtohavecharacterandself-control.Charlylesays,“agreatmanshowshisgreatnessbythewayhetreatslittlemen.”AmanofnoimportanceorsignificanceThelastexampleCarnegieshowedusisafamoustestpilot,whydoeshechoosethisexample?(becausethisfamoustestpilotdidntscoldorpunishtheguywhoma

23、dethebigmistake,heshowedhisattitudethatnooneisperfect.Andhewassuretheguywouldnevermakethesuchmistakes.)Uponreturningtotheairport.Unleashfor.WhatdidDr.Johnsonsaytous:Godhimself,sir,doesntproposetojudgemanuntiltheendofhisdays.TranslatethesentenceintoChinese:先生，即使是上帝自己也主张到人类最后的时候才对他们进行评判。strivevi.attem

24、ptbyemployingeffort;toexertmucheffortorenergy奋斗,努力,力求,斗争e.g.Thescientistsstriveforabreakthroughincancerresearch.Weshouldallstrivetoreunifythemotherland.arousev.callforth(emotions,feelings,andresponses);stopsleeping;causetobecomeawakeorconscious叫醒,唤醒,激起,睡醒e.g.Hefellintoasoundsleep,dontarousehim.Thesl

25、oganwasdesigndtoarousethepeople.Hissufferingsarousedoursympathy.arouse与rouse的不同：e.g.Thisarousedmysuspicion.e.g.Theprofessorsspeechfailedtorousehisaudience.rouse:较正式用词，常以具体的人或动物为对象，指把某人叫醒，引起某人的兴趣。arouse:除表示一般的唤醒外，多作引申用,主要指唤起引起无形的东西,通常与fear，curiosity等抽象名词连用。arousesympathy引起同情arouseattention唤起注意arousec

26、uriosity引起好奇心arouseconcern引起关注忧虑arousediscussion引起议论arousecriticism引起批评arousehatred引起憎恶arouseresistance激起反抗exhaustive:是形容词，意为“完全的”、“彻底的”（thoroughorcomplete），与之经常搭配的词有work、inquiries、research、investigation、treatment等。eg:Thisisapieceofexhaustivework.这是一部完美的作品。Thepolicearemakinganexhaustiveinvestigation

27、ofthecrime.exhausting是现在分词，作形容词使用，义：“使竭尽的”、“使疲惫的”（tomakeemptyortireout）。与之经常搭配使用的词有day、job、task、experiment等。Eg:这是一件使人疲惫的工作。Thisisapieceofexhaustingwork.Exhausted是过去分词，意为“空竭的”、“疲惫的”（fatiguedortired），用作表语形容词，放在连系动词之后。Eg:孩子们跑完一个小时的路程后，都筋疲力尽了。Afteranhoursrunning，thechildrenwereexhausted.indulgevt./vi.in

28、dulgein:beaddictedtoe.g.Henolongerindulgedhimselfinsmoking.Hedoesnotagreewithindulgingchildren.practicinglawyer见习律师.,开业律师attorneyt:nin.(辩护)律师.主要用于美国，指代理当事人处理遗嘱检验等法律事务的律师，有时可与lawyer通用，泛指辩护律师solicitorslisit;slistn.aBritishlawyerwhogiveslegaladviceandprepareslegaldocuments律师barristerbristn.出庭律师(在英国有资格出

29、席高等法院进行辩护)oncetoooften又一次/太多了e.g.Heexceededthespeedlimitoncetoooftenandwasfined10.YouveletmedownoncetoooftenandIshallnottrustyou.challengen.挑战,邀请比赛,盘问,质疑v.向,盘问,质疑challengesb/sthe.g.Ididnotthinkhewasright,soIchallengedhim.challengesbtosth要求某人做某事（向某人发起挑战）e.g.Hechallengedmetoadebate.challengesbtoaduel,

30、agameoftennischallengesbtodosthrisetothechallenge/takeupthechallenge接受挑战(应付某种复杂局面)/应战fighttothedeath:fightuntiloneiskilledstabsbtodeathstarvesbtodeathboresbtodeathwhipsbtodeathfrightensb.todeath把某人吓得要死.invaluableadj.无价的,非常珍贵的Synonyms:valuableadj.贵重的,宝贵的pricelessadj.无价的preciousadj.珍贵的（rare)Antonyms:v

31、aluelessadj.无价值的,不值钱的,不足道的worthlessadj.无价值的,无用的,可鄙的cheapblundern.abigmistakee.g.Ithinkhemadeablunderbyannouncingthenewsaheadoftime.v.失策,绊倒,瞎闯e.g.Thebestworkmansometimesblunder.ourleadershaveblunderedagain.blunderintoawall(瞎闯碰到了墙壁）pacethefloorpacetheroom在房间里踱来踱去incompetentadj.无能力的,不称职的,不能胜任的n.没有能力的人i

32、ncompetencen.无能力,不合格,不能胜任Judgenot,thatyebenotjudged勿对人非议，以免自己受非议。ThisiswritteninarchaicEnglish.InmodernEnglishwewillsayDonotjudgeothers,sothatyouwillnotbejudgedbythem.ye英ji:pron.你archaic英:keiik;:keikadj.已不通用的,古老的,古代的occasionn.场合,时机,理由,机会,盛大场面e.g.Therewasnooccasionforyoutobesorude.vt.引起,致使e.g.Stephen

33、sbehaviouroccasionedhisparentsmuchanxiety.onoccasion偶尔,有时ontheoccasionof值此.之际.risetotheoccasion应付自如retreatn./v.pullbackormoveawayorbackward撤退,改变,退避,缩回象棋的棋子retire/retreat/withdrawretire:指从公开或公共场合退下到私下场所，也指被免除职务或自动辞职、退役等。retreat:含消极意味，多指被迫采取退下或退却的行动。withdraw:侧重因某种原因而有意离开，常含礼貌、谦恭等理由。也指军队的撤退。delugen.大洪水

34、,暴雨,泛滥e.g.Igotcaughtinthedelugeonthewayhome.v.泛滥,大量涌入e.g.Weadvertisedthejobandweredelugedwithapplications.surgen.汹涌,波涛,猛增e.g.Oilwastheprimecauseofthepricesurge.v.汹涌,涌起,激增e.g.Angersurgedupwithinhim.appreciatevt.欣赏,赏识,感激,领会,意识到指对某事物或意义有正确的认识，对其价值的肯定Eg:Sheneverreallyappreciatedthedepthofthefamilysconfl

35、ict.vi.增值Eg:Theydontknowthathouseswillappreciateinvalue.appreciationn.depreciatev.贬值,降价.magnitudemgnitju:d;mgn.tju:dn.大小,重要,光度,（地震）级数,（星星）等级e.g.Ihadnotrealizedthemagnitudeoftheproblem.Anyhow,itiswaterunderthebridgenow.Anyhow,thethingispastandgone.Itisusedforsayingthatyoushouldstopthinkingaboutsthbad

36、thathappenedinthepastandyoushouldforgivepeoplewhodidbadthings.impairvt.makeworseorlesseffective;e.g.Hisillnesshasimpairedhisefficiency.impairedadj.受损的e.g.Impairedhearingisjustoneofthemimpairmentn.损伤Shriekn./v.Eg:sheshriekedandleaptfromthebed.Shriekwithpain痛的尖叫miserableshriek惨叫令人毛骨损然的尖叫ahair-raisings

37、hriekThethingforyouisaburialpermit.(Thethingyouneedisaburialpermit./Youreallyhavenoreasontoliveinthisworld.)Thisisextremelycruelandinsulting.MarkTwainwaswildwithangeratthetime.Hecouldntreallymeantodelivertheletter.burialn./adj.Eg:天葬celestialburialburyv.Eg:我们不能简单的埋葬了过去。Wecannotsimplyburythepast.Mushn

38、./v.Eg:Beverycarefulnottoovercookthemortheywillturntomush.babymush婴儿餐Doingtoomanythingsatatimewillturnyourmindtomush.mushed-uppotatoesdecaydikeiv.(使)衰退,(使)腐败,腐烂e.g.Thedampnessoftheclimatedecayedthebooks.Thevegetableshavebeguntodecay.n.衰退,腐败,腐烂decayedtooth/teethdecayedfruitIamallinfavorofit:Iamallfor

39、it.Moreexamplesof“favor”Eg:willyoupleasedomeafavor?Ihaveaspecialfavortoaskofyou?High-risesarenowoutoffavor.NuclearpowerlostitsfavorafterthemeltdownofthatyearThefinalscoreisthreetooneinourfavor.Thoseinfavoroftheproposal,raiseyourhands.Fewpeoplefavortheideaofbuildingthisdam.Theweatherconditionsarequit

40、efavorablesofarthisyear.Whoisyourfavoritepopularsingertoday?Notpopularpopulartactlessadj.refertoaperson,itmeanswhattheysayordoislikelytooffendotherpeople.不圆通的;没分寸的Eg:atactlessclerktactn.itistheabilitytoavoidupsettingoroffendingpeoplebybeingcarefulnottosayordothingsthatwouldhurttheirfeelings.得体,圆滑，老练

41、Eg:Haveyoueverhurtothersbyyourlackoftact?机智就是要在适当的时机做适当的事情和说适当的话。Tactisthehabitofdoingandsayingtherightthingattherightmoment.diplomatic.diplmtikadj.外交的,古字体的,老练n.外交diplomacydiplumsin.外交家,外交官,通权达变之人diplomatistdiplumtist/diplomatdiplmtn.n.文凭diplomadiplumadroitadj.Someonewhoisadroitisquickandskilfulinth

42、eirthoughts,behavior,oractions.干练的e.g.anadroitdiplomatHeisadroitinhandlingmachinery.Hesoonbecameadroitatsteeringtheboat.antonym:maladroit.mldritadj.笨拙的unon/onreturningtotheairport:assoonashereturnedtotheairport/themomenthereturnedtotheairportEg:一听到这个消息我就哭了Onhearingthenews,Icried.unleashv.release;rel

43、easefromaleash;turnlooseorfreefromrestraint解开,释放,解除.的束缚e.g.Goatonce,orIwillunleashmydogonyou.Antonym:leashn.(系狗的)皮带,控制,约束v.用皮带控制,束缚proposetodosth:toplanorintendtodosthe.g.Heproposedtobuyandrunafarm.Thecommitteeproposedthatnewlegislationshouldbedrafted.OnChrismasEvethatyear,Paul,abusinessmanager,proposedtoher.proposalprpuzln.求婚,建议,提议