心理社会问题.ppt
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1、 Aims目的Define the aims of HIV counselling咨询的目的Types of counselling in HIV and AIDS HIV and AIDS咨询的类型Understand why it is important明确为何咨询很重要Learn counselling skills掌握咨询的技巧What is counselling?咨询的定义?“HIV/AIDS counseling is a confidential dialogue between a person and a care provider aimed at enabling t
2、he client to cope with the stress and take personal decisions relating to HIV and AIDS”(World Health Organization)“HIV/AIDS 咨询是求询者和咨询员之间的在保密情况下的谈话,目的是是使求询者能应付HIV感染带来的紧张压力,做出自己的决定。”(世界卫生组织)VCT is more than a blood test!VCT不只是抽血化验!Why is counselling in HIV important?为什么HIV咨询很重要?HIV diagnosis has many
3、effects physical,psychological,social,and spiritualHIV 确诊有很多影响 身体,心理,社会和精神HIV is life-threatening and lifelongHIV是伴随终生、致命性的疾病Prevention counselling can prevent transmission预防性咨询可以预防HIV传播HIV continues to be highly stigmatised HIV感染者仍然受到很大的歧视Stigma and discrimination丑化和歧视How do you define stigma?怎样定义丑
4、化?How do you define discrimination?怎样定义歧视?What are the causes of stigma in HIV?导致 HIV丑化的原因是什么?Name as many ways as you can that stigma can affect PLWHA尽可能的定义丑化影响 PLWHA的情况Stigma questions歧视问题歧视问题 Agree同意 Disagree不同意Women with HIV should not have children感染HIV 的妇女不应该生小孩通常AIDS is mostly a problem for p
5、eople who are bad AIDS发生在道德败坏的人身上I would share a cup with someone who is HIV我愿意和HIV感染者公用一个水杯People with HIV should be isolated in hospital HIV感染者应在医院进行隔离All drug users should be forced to test for HIV所有吸毒的人应该强制进行HIV检测PLWHA should get free ARVs艾滋病感染者应该得到免费的ARVsIt is their own fault that women who sel
6、l sex get HIV卖淫感染HIV的妇女是自己的错I would let a PLWHA hold my baby我可以让PLWHA抱我的小孩MSM are not normal;they have an illness男同性恋不正常,他们有病If a doctor has HIV,he should be removed from his job如果医生感染HIV,他应该调离工作There is no HIV-related stigma in my township在我们镇上没有HIV相关的歧视If people do not use condoms,it is their own
7、fault if they get HIV不使用安全套而感染HIV则是自己的错Stigma can prevent people from getting HIV care歧视将阻碍人们获得HIV关怀如果感染HIVPeople should always tell their family if they are HIV应该告诉家人他的HIV身份What other types of HIV counseling are there?HIV其他类型的咨询都包括哪些?Pre-and post-HIV test(VCT)HIV 检查前、后咨询 Prevention of Mother to Chi
8、ld Transmission(PMTCT)预防母婴阻断 Supportive counseling支持咨询Crisis counseling危机咨询Prevention/behaviour change counseling行为干预咨询Grief and bereavement counseling悲痛、丧亲咨询Can be offered to individuals,couples,families,groups,and communities(and health care staff)可以提供给个人、夫妻、家庭、团体和社会(包括医务工作者)What are some common c
9、ounselling issue for PLHIV通常还有哪些常见的咨询问题?What issues are there for PLHIV in your community你们社区有什么样的问题?Bio-psychosocial model of HIVBio-psychosocial model of HIV生理心理社会模式生理心理社会模式与心理问题相关的因素:疾病相关的因素(最初诊断并发合并症及其类型疾病的进程),与个人相关的因素(以前心理状态处理类型和控制力察觉疾病的能力),人际社会因素(社会支持社会态度社会调整)Psychological impact of HIV/AIDS心理
10、影响Adjustment reactions:shock,terror,anger,guilt,denial调整反应,震惊、恐惧、愤怒、愧疚、否认Decision making dilemmas:to know or not to know,treatment,who to tell,pregnancy,work,relationships 决策困难:知道或不知道、治疗、告诉谁、怀孕、工作、关系Fear and Anxiety:uncertainty,rejection,coping,pain,death,infecting others,being alone,telling,changin
11、g lifestyle恐惧和焦虑:不确定、拒绝、处理疼痛、死亡、感染,被孤立、改变生活方式Depression:uncertainty,multiple losses,multiple illnesses,hopelessness抑郁:不确定、失去很多、多重疾病,孤独Suicidal thoughts/behaviour 自杀的想法和举动Bereavement-often multiple 失去亲人通常多重Psychological impact cont.心理影响包括Decreased self-esteem/self-image降低自尊、形象Social isolation社会孤立Loss
12、 of personal control自我控制降低Obsessional states:e.g.body checking妄想强迫状态Aversion to medical procedures厌烦医疗程序Relationship conflicts 关系危机Sexual difficulties:maintaining safer sex,aversion,sexual dysfunction 性难题:维持有保护措施的性行为,厌恶、性困难Alcohol and drug misuse嗜酒、吸毒Neuropsychological difficulties:memory loss,confu
13、sion,concentration difficulties,motor impairment,headache,personality changes神经精神困难:记忆丧失、神志模糊、精神不集中、头痛、性格改变Personal and social factors affect reaction to HIV个人和神会因素影响Prior experience 既往经验Knowledge of HIV and AIDS相关知识How told result/feelings about behaviour which led to infection如何被告知可以引起感染的行为Stage a
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