八年级英语下册 现在完成时（1）（语法讲解+习题训练）.docx

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1、八年级英语下册：现在完成时（1）知识点讲解+习题跟踪训练 【知识讲解】现在完成时的概念和用法:一、现在完成时的含义现在完成时表示过去已经开始，持续到现在,也许还会持续下去的动作或状态。可以和表示延续的时间状语连用。 如for、since 等引导的时间状语。（注意：句中谓语动词要用延续性动词）时间状语的表达方法有两种:for: + 一段时间 for a year, for two weeks, for three years. 过去的某一时刻, since last week, since 2008Since +点时间 一段时间+ago, since 9 years ago, since 3 d

2、ays ago, 一般过去时态的时间状语从句：since you came，since he moved here, since I was bornsince 20061.Eddie has lived with Millie for 4 years.since 4 years ago.since he was born.2.Eddie has lived with Millie二、现在完成时的构成1)现在完成时的肯定句句型 主语（第一、二人称单/复数）+have+过去分词主语（第三人称复数）+have +过去分词 主语（第三人称单数）+has+过去分词 have (has) 为助动词e.g

3、. He has already had his lunch. e.g. I have just finished my homework. 2)现在完成时的否定句 句型 主语+have/has not(havent/hasnt)+过去分词 e.g. I have not seen the movie yet. e.g. She hasnt eaten it.3)现在完成时的一般疑问句 Have/Has+主语+过去分词+？ e.g. Have you finished the work? e.g. Has she arrived here? e.g. Have they eaten suppe

4、r?4)特殊疑问句特殊疑问词+have/has+主语+p.p. (过去分词）+其它？e.g. The girl has learned English for 6 years.How long has the girl learned English?I have eaten two apples for breakfast.What have you eaten for breakfast?三、 过去分词的构成(A) 规则动词：规则动词的过去分词的构成规则与规则动词的过去式的构成规则相同。四点变化规则：(1)、一般动词，在词尾直接加“ ed ”。 work-worked-worked, vi

5、sit-visited-visited (2)、以“ e ”结尾的动词，只在词尾加“ d ”。 live-lived-lived , (3)、以“辅音字母 + y ”结尾的动词，将 “y” 变为 “i” ，再加“ ed ”。 study-studied-studied, cry-cried-cried (4)、重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母，先双写该辅音字母，再加“ ed ”。 stop-stopped-stopped, drop-droppeddropped(B) 不规则动词的过去分词AAA型原型 过去式 过去分词burst burst burst hurt hurt hurt let

6、 let let cast cast cast cost cost cost cut cut cut hit hit hit put put putAAB型 ：beat beat beaten ABA型become became become run ran run come came comeABB型bring brought brought buy bought bought build built built burn burnt burntcatch caught caught dig dug dug feel felt felt fight fought foughtABC型 beg

7、in began begun blow blew blown break broke broken choose chose chosendraw drew drawn drive drove driven drink drank drunk fly flew flown四、现在完成时的标志时间副词和时间短语:1)副词already和yet。already一般用于肯定句中，yet一般用于否定句和疑问句中。 e.g. We have already finished our homework. 2)副词ever 和never。多用于否定或疑问句中，表示“曾经”或“从未“等。e.g. Have y

8、ou ever been to the Great Wall? 你曾经去过长城吗?3)用just表示到说话时为止的时间状语, e.g. I have just seen her, but I dont know where she is now .注意：当在肯定陈述句中含有already或just 时，在转换成否定句或疑问句时，要把句中的already 或just 去掉，在句末加上yet. e.g. I have done my homework already. I havent done my homework yet.【注1：already; yet; just; ever; never

9、; before的用法】副词JustEverNeverAlreadyYetBefore含义刚刚曾经 从来从不已经否定句：还疑问句：已经以前常用句型陈述/疑问句多用于疑问句也用于肯定/否定句否定句肯定句否定句疑问句多种句型常见位置谓语动词前谓语动词前谓语动词前谓语动词前；句末句末句末 【真题演练】1Alice, have you finished learning the whole book? Not yet. So far, we _ two units.AlearnedBhave learnedClearnDto learn2Pizhou used to be a small city b

10、ut great changes _ in it in the past ten years.Ahave been taken placeBtook placeChave taken placeDwere taken place3My best old friend Beck went abroad with her parents. We _ each other since then.Ahavent seenBhave seenCdidnt seeDdont see4I _ in Xuzhou since I was born. I love Xuzhou!Aam livingBwill

11、liveCwas livingDhave lived5I have studied in this school _ two years ago. I really love it.AsinceBforCafterDbefore6My friend Lucy is helpful and she _ me a lot in the past three years.AhelpsBwill helpChas helpedDis helping7 Your English is so good. How long have you learned English?_ I was five year

12、s old.ABeforeBUntilCSinceDWhen8Look! What a clean room! Who _ it?Ahas cleanedBis cleaningCwill cleanDcleaned9I _ half of the English novel, and Ill try to finish it at the weekend.AreadBhave readCam readingDwill read10There _ great changes in my hometown in the past few years.Ahave hadBhave beenCwer

13、eDhad11Do you know the boy called Jack?Of course. Weve known each other _ we were nine or ten.AbeforeBsinceCuntilDwhen12_ have you lived in Nanjing? Ive lived here _ 2008.AHow long; forBHow long; fromCHow soon; inDHow long; since13 John, is your father a teacher? Yes, he is. He _ Physics since 20 ye

14、ars ago.AteachesBhas taughtCis teachingDwill teach14Amazing changes _ place _ three years ago.Atook, forBwas taken, sinceChave taken, sinceDhas taken, at15How long have you lived here?_ last year.ASinceBForCInDOf16 Have you _ read this story before? Yes. Ive _ read it.Aalready; everByet; justCever;

15、justDever; never17I cant find my notebook anywhere. Im afraid I _ it.AloseBlostChave lostDwas losing18How do we start the online tour?I _ you. Werent you listening?AtellBam tellingCwill tellDhave told19Yancheng is developing so fast. Quite right! It _ a lot over the years.AchangesBchangedCwas changi

16、ngDhas changed20I _ the film with my parents only once.AseeBhave seenCwill seeDam seeing21Lunch?No, thanks. I _.Awill eatBam eatingChave eatenDeaten22Lily, why are you still here? School has been over for half an hour.Because I_ my task yet. I still need one more hour.Awont finishBdidnt finishChaven

17、t finishedDdont finish23Mike, hurry up. Well leave in 5 minutes. But I _ my guidebook and mobile phone yet.Adont findBdidnt findChavent foundDwont find24 Look! Somebody _ the window. Well, it wasnt me. I didnt do it.Ahas brokenBis breakingCwas breakingDbroke25Miss Liu _ in Shanghai since she finishe

18、d college in 2018.AworksBworkedCwill workDhas worked26The life in my hometown _ over the past few years.AchangingBchangedChas changedDchange27Im very happy to see Jack again. We _ each other for almost two years.Adidnt seeBwouldnt seeChasnt seenDhavent seen28Chinas high-speed railways _ from 9,000 t

19、o 25,000 kilometers in the past few years.Aare growingBhave grownCwill growDgrew29 What about going to see the film Avatar with me tonight? Thanks. But I _ it twice.AseeBwill seeChave seenDsaw30I know the public library very well because I _ here since 2015.AworkedBam workingChave workedDwas working

20、31Where is your deskmate? The film will begin soon.Dont worry. I _ her and she is on the way.AcallBwill callChave calledDwas calling32I wont go to the concert because I _ my ticket.AlostBloseChave lostDwill lose33I havent heard from Bill _ he left Africa.AwhenBbeforeCsinceDwhile34I _ back your missi

21、ng notebook, here you are.The notebook really means a lot to me. Thank you so much!Ahave broughtBbroughtCwill bringDwas bringing35Tom has learned more about teamwork _ he joined the school football team.AuntilBsinceCwhileDfor36I havent heard from my aunt and uncle _ months. I really miss them.AinBfo

22、rCsinceDwith37Look! A man is standing on his two hands. Yes. It seems he _ for long.ApracticedBhas practicedCwas practicingDpractices38 How long has it been _ I met you last? About three years. How I miss you!AsinceBafterCwhenDbefore39 The Three-body Problem is fantastic. It is a Hugo Award-winning

23、novel. I agree. I _ it several times up to now.AreadBam readingChave readDwill read40The Hunchback of Notre Dame is the best novel that I _ these years.Ahave watchedBwas watchingChave seenDhave read41The students _ the window already, so the classroom looks much brighter.AcleanBwill cleanCare cleani

24、ngDhave cleaned42Jack much progress in chemistry since he came to his new class.Ais makingBwill makeChas madeDmade43We _ the question for half an hour. Lets stop and have a rest.AdiscussBwill discussCdiscussedDhave discussed44Did you hand in your homework?No. I _ doing it yet.Adont finishBdidnt fini

25、shChavent finishedDwont finish45We _ four quizzes and five tests so far this semester.Aare havingBhaveChave hadDhad46Mr. Brown _ as a doctor since he graduated from the university.AworksBworkedChas workedDhad worked47You have made much progress (进步) _ you come to this school.AifBsinceCalthoughDwhen4

26、8Nice to see you. I _ you for a long time.I was in Hainan. Ive just come back.AsawBhavent seenChave seenDdidnt see49Have you _ visited the Great Wall?No, _.Aalready; everBever; neverCnever; everDever; yet参考答案：1B【详解】句意：爱丽丝，你们把整本书学完了吗？还没有。到目前为止，我们已经学2个单元了。考查动词的时态。由“So far”可知，此处用现在完成时，强调时间的延续，故选B。2C【详解

27、】句意：你知道在过去的十年里我们城市发生了巨大的变化。考查动词时态。take place发生； took place过去式；have taken place现在完成时。根据“in the past ten years.”可知需要用现在完成时，且主语是great changes，短语“发生”无被动语态，可排除AD选项。故选C。3A【详解】句意：我最好的老朋友贝克和她的父母去了国外。自那以后我们再也没有见过了。考查现在完成时。根据“since then”可知，时态使用现在完成时，故排除C、D；又根据“My best old friend Beck went abroad with her pare

28、nts”可知，朋友去了国外，应该是再也没有见面了。故选A。4D【详解】句意：我从出生起就住在徐州。我爱徐州！考查现在完成时。根据“since I was born”可知，此处使用现在完成时，结构为have/has done。故选D。5A【详解】句意：自从两年前我就一直在这所学校学习。我真的很喜欢。考查连词辨析。since自从；for其后可加一段时间；after在之后；before在之前。根据“I have studied in this school.two years ago.”可知，two year ago为点时间，前面应该用连词since，表示自从两年前就在这所学校学习了。故选A。6C【

29、详解】句意：我的朋友露西是乐于助人的，她在过去的三年里帮了我很多。考查动词时态。根据“in the past three years”可知，句子是现在完成时，其构成是have/has done，故选C。7C【详解】句意：你的英语真好。你学英语多久了？从我五岁开始。考查连词辨析。Before在之前；Until直到；Since自从；When当时。根据“How long have you learned English?”可知，现在完成时中，时间状语用since后接一般过去时态句。故选C。8A【详解】句意：看！多么干净的房间啊！谁打扫的？考查动词时态。根据前句“What a clean room!”

30、的语境可知，是过去的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，故应用现在完成时，构成形式为：have/has done；主语“Who”是第三人称单数形式，助动词应用has；clean的过去分词是cleaned。故选A。9B【详解】句意：我已经读了这本英语小说的一半，我将努力在周末完成它。考查动词时态。根据后句“and Ill try to finish it at the weekend.”可知，一半的英语小说已经读完，故应用现在完成时，构成形式为：have/has done；主语“I”是第一人称单数形式，助动词应用have；read的过去分词是read。故选B。10B【详解】句意：在过去的几年里，我的家乡

31、发生了巨大的变化。考查现在完成时。结合语境和空后“in the past few years”可知本句应该使用现在完成时，表示过去发生的动作对现在产生影响，排除选项C和D；本句是there be句型与现在完成时相结合，真正的主语是“great changes”，所以用“there have been+名词复数+.”的结构。故选B。11B【详解】句意：你认识那个叫杰克的男孩吗？当然了。我们从九岁或十岁就认识了。考查连词辨析。before在之前；since自从；until直到；when当的时候。由“we were nine or ten”可知，此处表达“自从我们九岁或十岁时”；分析句子可知，本句为

32、现在完成时，“since”可用于现在完成时表示“自从”。故选B。12D【详解】句意：你在南京住了多久了？我从2008年就住在这里了。考查特殊疑问句和现在完成时。How long多久，多长，询问时长或距离；How soon多久，对将来时间提问。根据“.have you lived in Nanjing?”可知，此处询问住了多久，表示时长，用How long。根据“Ive lived here.2008.”可知，此处是“现在完成时+since+过去时”结构，用since表示“自从”。故选D，13B【详解】句意：约翰，你爸爸是老师吗？是的，他是。自从20年前以来，他一直教物理。考查现在完成时。根据“

33、He.Physics since 20 years ago.”可知，此处是“现在完成时+since+一般过去时”结构，强调时间的延续，故选B。14C【详解】句意：三年前以来发生了惊人的变化。考查现在完成时。根据“Amazing changes.place.three years ago.”可知，此处强调变化已经发生，用现在完成时，主语是复数，助动词用have，故选C。15A【详解】句意：你在这住了多久？从去年开始。考查连词辨析。since自从，与现在完成时一起连用；for接一段时间，与现在完成时一起连用；in接一段时间，与一般将来时连用；of的。根据“have you lived”及“last

34、 year”可知，此处用since+过去时间，与现在完成时连用，故选A。16C【详解】句意：你以前曾经读过这个故事吗？是的，我刚刚读了它。考查副词辨析。already已经；yet还；ever曾经，主要用于肯定句和疑问句；never从不；just刚刚。第一句是疑问句，表示曾经读过，应用ever；根据“yes”可知，第二句表示刚刚读过，just符合语境。故选C。17C【详解】句意：我到处都找不到我的笔记本。恐怕我把它弄丢了。考查动词时态。根据“I cant find my notebook anywhere.”可知，笔记本丢了，现在找不到了；强调过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响要用现在完成时，结构为

35、have done。故选C。18D【详解】句意：我们怎么开始线上旅行？我已经告诉过你。你难道没听？考查动词时态。根据“Werent you listening?”可知，事情已经发生，强调过去动作对现在的影响，用现在完成时。故选D。19D【详解】句意：盐城发展得真快。完全正确！这几年发生了很多变化。考查现在完成时。根据“over the years.”可知此处表达“这些年一直在发生变化”，应用现在完成时have/has done。故选D。20B【详解】句意：我和父母只看过一次这部电影。考查时态辨析。根据“only once”可知，应该使用现在完成时（have/has been）。故选B。21C【

36、详解】句意：吃午餐吗？不，谢谢。我已经吃了。考查现在完成时。根据“No, thanks.”可知，已经吃过了，所以现在不吃了，故选C。22C【详解】句意：Lily，你为什么还在这？学校已经放学半个小时了。因为我还没有完成任务。我还需要一个小时。考查动词时态。根据“yet”可知，句子要用现在完成时have/has done的结构，故选C。23C【详解】句意：Mike，赶紧。我们五分钟后就要出发了。但是我还没有找到我的旅游指导和手机。考查现在完成时。dont find用于一般现在时；didnt find用于一般过去时；havent found用于现在完成时；wont find用于一般将来时。根据“y

37、et”可知其常用于现在完成时的否定句或疑问句中，结合语境可知此处表示“还没有找到”。故选C。24A【详解】句意：看，有人打破了窗户。嗯，不是我，我没做。考查时态。根据语境可知，窗户已经被打破了，强调的是现在的结果，用现在完成时have/has done。故选A。25D【详解】句意：刘小姐自2018年大学毕业以来一直在上海工作。考查现在完成时态。根据“since she finished college in 2018”可知，此句时态用现在完成时态。故选D。26C【详解】句意：在过去的几年里，我家乡的生活发生了变化。考查时态辨析。根据“over the past few years”可知要用现在

38、完成时，其结构为has/have done。故选C。27D【详解】句意：我很高兴再次见到杰克。我们差不多有两年没见面了。考查现在完成时。根据“for almost two years”可知，此处时态是现在完成时，主语是we，助动词用have，故选D。28B【详解】句意：中国的高速铁路在过去几年中由9, 000千米增加到25, 000千米。考查动词时态辨析。grow是动词，意为“变得，生长”。“in the last/past +一段时间”用于现在完成时态的句子中，由in the past few years可知此处应用现在完成时态。故选B。29C【详解】句意：今晚和我一起去看电影阿凡达怎么样？

39、谢谢。但我已经看过两次了。考查现在完成时。see看，一般现在时；will see将要看，一般将来时；have seen已看过，现在完成时；saw看了，一般过去时；根据句中的“But”及“twice”可知，我已经看过这部电影两次了，隐含的意思是已经知道电影的内容了，不想再看了，符合过去发生的事对现在造成一定的影响，应使用现在完成时。故选C。30C【详解】句意：我很了解公共图书馆因为我自从2015年就一直在那工作。考查动词时态。由“since 2015”可知动作是从2015年一直持续到现在，时态是现在完成时。故选C。31C【详解】句意：你的同桌在哪里？电影马上就要开始了。别担心。我已经给她打过电话

40、了，她在路上了。考查时态辨析。根据“she is on the way”可知过去发生的事情对现在造成了影响，用现在完成时，其结构为have/has done。故选C。32C【详解】句意：我不去听音乐会了，因为我的票丢了。考查时态辨析。根据“I wont go to the concert because I . my ticket.”可知过去丢了票，对现在造成的影响是不能去音乐会，用现在完成时，其结构为have/has done。故选C。33C【详解】句意：自从比尔离开非洲，我们从没有收到他的来信。考查连词词义辨析。when当的时候；before在之前； since自从；while当的时候。根

41、据题干中“I havent heard from Bill.”可知句子时态是现在完成时，一般与since+句子/时间点或for+时间段连用，结合选项，since符合句意。故选C。34A【详解】句意：我把你丢失的笔记本带回来了，给你。 这个笔记本对我来说真的很重要。非常感谢你！考查动词时态。根据“here you are”可知，此处表示已经把丢失的笔记本带回来了，时态为现在完成时，结构为have done。故选A。35B【详解】句意：汤姆自从加入学校足球队以来，他对团队合作有了更多的了解。考查连词。until直到；since自以来；while当的时候；for（表示时间、距离、数量等）达，计。根据

42、前后两句时态及语境可知，这里要用since，引导时间状语从句。故选B。36B【详解】句意：我已经好几个月没有收到叔叔和婶婶的信了。我真的很想念他们。考查介词辨析。in在内；for通常接一段时间；since自以后；with和在一起。第一句是现在完成时，结合语境可知这里用“for+时间段”，表示从过去到现在的一段时间。故选B。37B【详解】句意：看！一个男士正在倒立。是的，似乎他练了很长时间了。考查动词时态。根据“for long”和语境可知这位男士从过去开始练习倒立一直到现在，应该用现在完成时。故选B。38A【详解】句意： 自从我上次见到你有多久了？ 大约三年了。我好想你!考查现在完成时态。si

43、nce自从，其后接过去时间点或者一般过去时态的句子；after在以后；when当时；before在之前。根据“I met you last”可知是一个过去时态的句子，结合前一句是现在完成时可知，此句是一个含有since的现在完成时态。故选A。39C【详解】句意：三体真是太神奇了。这是一部雨果获奖小说。我同意。到目前为止，我已经读了好几遍了。考查现在完成时。根据“up to now”可知此句时态为现在完成时，故选C。40D【详解】句意：巴黎圣母院是我这些年读过的最好的小说。考查时态和动词辨析。watch观看；see看见；read读；结合语境，此处要用现在完成时，表达从过去一直到现在为止读过的最好的书，读书应用动词read，故选