管理沟通1.管理沟通基础知识.ppt
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1、Management Communication Zhang LiDepartment of Business Administration1 nIntroductionnCommunication StrategynEffective ListeningnMaking Presentations nNegotiatingnInterviewingnRunning MeetingsnWriting2 ReferencesnMaryMunter,GuidetoManagerialCommunication,4thedition,PrenticeHall,TsingHuaUniversityPre
2、ss,1999nMichaelE.Hattersley,LindaMcJannet,ManagementCommunicationPrinciplesandPractice,ChinaMachinePress,McGraw-Hill,1998nRonLudlow,FergusPanton,EffectiveCommunication,PrenticeHall,1997nKittyO.Locker,BusinessandAdministrativeCommunication,5thedition,ChinaMachinePress,McGraw-Hill,2000n魏江,管理沟通理念与技能,科学
3、出版社,2001n苏勇,罗殿军,管理沟通,复旦大学出版社,1999n罗锐韧,曾繁正,管理沟通,红旗出版社,19973 GradingnClass Participation 20%nOral Presentation 10%nCases Analysis and Presentation 30%nIndividual Assignment 40%4Part 1 Introduction 第一节 管理沟通的内涵和要素 第二节 沟通的类型 第三节 管理模式与沟通5Discussion(1):Background你是一位宇航员,与另外几位宇航员驾驶一太空船飞向月球,原计划去与已经降落月球、作为基地的
4、太空母船会合。然而,因机械故障,你们的太空船只能迫降在距离太空母船200英里之外的月球表面。降落时许多设备受到损坏,而为了生存你们必须充分利用未受损坏的装备自行到达太空母船。下面列出了15样未受损坏的物资和装备,请依据其重要性分别标出1-15,以供你们出发时酌其重要性决定取舍(比如,你们的体力只能带13件,就只好放弃另外两件)。6Discussion(1):Background7Discussion(1):Group CommunicationnAfter finishing self-judgement,your group uses informative or persuasive co
5、mmunication so as to get access to the common decision.The turn of 15 things should try to get everyones agreement.nAttentions:-No matter informative,or persuasive communication,logic is the fundamental;-Dont change your idea only to avoid the conflict;-Dont make decision only to abide by“the minori
6、ty and the majority”rule8Discussion(1):9Discussion(2):Self-assessmentWhat key techniques,you think,decide the success of your career?What are your communication barriers in your job?What are the most effective approaches to improve your communication skills?What do you wish to learn much more in thi
7、s course?10 Significance of MCnCo-ordination requires communication.whatisanorganization?Firstly,itconsistsofanumberofpeople.Secondly,itinvolvesinterdependence.nCommunicative capability heavily influences your career development to some extent.11Harold Koontz(哈罗德孔茨):“管理就是设计和保持一种良好环境,使人在群体里高效率地完成既定目标
8、。”Henri Foyol(亨利法约尔):planning计划,organizing组织,coordinating协调,commanding领导,controlling控制Henry Mintzberg(亨利明兹伯格):“Verbalandwrittencontactsarethemanagerswork.”“Managersmustbeabletocommunicateeasilyandefficiently.”12约翰约翰奈斯比特奈斯比特:“未来竞争将是管理的竞争,竞争的焦点在于每个社会组织内部成员之间及其与外部组织的有效沟通之上。”松下幸之助松下幸之助:“伟大的事业需要一颗真诚的心与人沟
9、通。”乔丹与皮蓬:“我们两个人在场上的沟通相当重要,我们相互从对方眼神、手势、表情中获取对方的意图,于是我们传、切、突破、得分;但是,如果我们失去彼此间的沟通,那么公牛的末日来临了。”13n美国著名学府普林斯顿大学对一万份人事档案进行分析,结果发现:“智慧”、“专业技术”和“经验”只占成功因素的25,其余75决定于良好的人际沟通。n哈佛大学就业指导小组1995年调查结果显示,在500名被解职的男女中,因人际沟通不良而导致工作不称职者占82。n“三个臭皮匠,赛过一个诸葛亮”14沟通是个人事业成功的重要因素n只有与人良好的沟通,才能为他人所理解;n只有与人良好的沟通,才能得到必要的信息;n只有与人
10、良好的沟通,才能获得他人的鼎力相助,正所谓“能此者大道坦然,不能此者孤帆片舟”。15Why communicate?n Itleadstogreatereffectiveness.nItkeepspeopleinthepicture.nIt gets people involved with the organization andincreasesmotivationtoperformwell;increasescommitmenttotheorganization.nIt makes for better relationships and understandingbetween:bos
11、sandsubordinate;colleagues;peoplewithintheorganizationandoutsideit.nIthelpspeopletounderstandtheneedforchange:howthey should manage it;how to reduce resistance tochange.16第一节第一节 管理沟通的内涵和要素管理沟通的内涵和要素一、管理沟通的概念Concept of MCn机机沟通n人机沟通n人人沟通 管管理理沟沟通通是是指指沟沟通通者者为为了了获获取取沟沟通通对对象象的的反反应和反馈而向对方传递信息的全部过程应和反馈而向对方传
12、递信息的全部过程 17 nCommunication depends on the nature of themessage to be passed,and on the relationshipbetweenthesenderandthereceiver.nYouaresuccessfulonlyifyourmessageleadstotheresponseofyouraudience.e.g.“Arthur,Iwonderifyoudliketolookatyouraccount,itsabitoverdue.”“Mr.Jones,youraccountisveryoverdueandw
13、eareplacingthematterinthehandsofoursolicitorsattheendofthisweekifitisnotbroughtwithinournormaltermsofsalebythen”18 Natures of MC nMedia:languageorletters;nContent:Information,Thoughts,Emotion,Aspects,Attitudeetc;nPhilosophygreatlyinfluencestheunderstandingofmotive,behaviorandgoal;nSpecialbarriers:In
14、formationdisorder,Philosophyelements(preference,background,experiencesandvalue).19 管理沟通的内涵:管理沟通的内涵:1.沟通首先是意义上的传递。2.要使沟通成功,意义不仅需要被传递,还需要被理解。3.在沟通过程中,所有传递于沟通者之间的,只是一些符号,而不是信息本身。4.良好的沟通常被错误地理解为沟通双方达成协议,而不是准确理解信息的意义。5.沟通的信息是包罗万象的。20Case 1:EC公司工资改革方案的出台Discussion:1人事部主任为了保证工资改革的顺利实施,要解决好沟通问题,从该案例看,他应如何考虑
15、沟通的对象,以及针对不同对象的沟通信息策略和内容等问题?2人事部主任为实施工资改革方案,具体的沟通目的是什么?案例中所述的五点建议,能否保证沟通的顺利实现?3在工资改革方案酝酿过程中出现各种不同的意见和说法,这些非正式信息产生的原因是什么,应如何看待这些信息对工资改革方案出台的影响?余平认为应加强工资改革方案出台前的保密工作,你对此如何看?4公司在全面推行新的工资改革方案之前,选择公司技术开发中心作为试点部门。该部门试点的成功是否一定能说明在整个公司推行工资改革方案的成功?你对余平实行的沟通过程作何评价?21二、管理沟通的过程Process of MC图1.1管理沟通的过程22三、管理沟通要素
16、三、管理沟通要素(Elements of MC)n信息源信息源 Information Source(Whoisinitiatingaction?)n听听众众 Audience(positive,neutral,or negative;key orsecondaryaudiences)n沟沟 通通 目目 标标 Communication Objective(solvingproblem)n环境环境 Environment(internal&external)n信信息息 Message(Considerhow much information theyneed,whatdoubtstheyrel
17、ikelytohave,howyourproposalwillbenefitthem?)n媒媒介介 Media(speak,write,call,E-mail,meet,fax,produceavideotape,orholdapressconference)n反馈反馈 Feedback(Communicationisnotanact,butaprocess.)23Successful business communication depends on answering a few crucial questions:nHaveyoumasteredandorganizedalltherel
18、evantinformation?nHave you taken into account the personal andorganizationalcontext?nHaveyoudefinedaclear,achievableobjective?nHaveyouconsideredtheneedsofyouraudiences?nHaveyouexpressedyourselfasclearly,vividly,andforcefullyaspossible?nHave you chosen the right communicationchannels?24 有效管理沟通的检核表你是否
19、已经掌握并组织好沟通过程中所有相关的信息?你是否了解或掌握好了有关个体和组织的背景资料和环境状况?你是否明确要实现和能实现的目标?你是否清楚听众的需要?你是否清晰、生动和有说服力地表达你的观点?你是否选择了正确的沟通渠道?25 什么妨碍了沟通?什么妨碍了沟通?方式一:“小刘,你接电话的方式真是太唐突了,你需要从现在开始接受职业化的训练。”方式二:“小刘,我正在关注你在电话中与顾客的交谈方式,我想和你讨论一下。我注意到你讲话的速度相当快,因而,我担心对一些顾客来说,可能很难理解你所表达的,毕竟你比顾客更了解、更熟悉情况。”26 Barriers to communication:nstatuse
20、ffects地位影响nsemanticproblems语义问题nperceptualdistortions感觉失真nculturaldifferences文化差异nphysicaldistractions环境混乱npoorchoiceofcommunicationchannels信息渠道选择不当nnofeedback无反馈27Barriers to communication can be classified into three groups:1.Barriers to reception:nenvironmentalstimulinthereceiversattitudesandvalu
21、esnthereceiversneedsandexpectations2.Barriers to understanding:nlanguage,semanticproblemsntheabilityofthereceivertolistenandreceive,especiallymessageswhichthreatenhisorherself-conceptnthelengthofthecommunicationnstatuseffects3.Barriers to acceptance:nprejudicesninterpersonalconflictsbetweensenderand
22、receiver28Dealing with barriers:Sender (5W1H)nWHO:Towhomshouldthemessagego?nWHY:WhyamIcommunicating?Whataremymotives?nWHAT:Decide what to communicate.Be clear aboutwhatyouneedtocommunicate.nWHEN:Choosethebesttimeforoptimumreception.nWHERE:Choose a location which will not interferewith the reception,
23、understanding and acceptance of themessage:privately?Inagroup?Atworkoroutside?nHOW:Use language the receiver will understand andwhichisunambiguous.nKeepcheckingwithreceiver.29 ReceivernBefullyattentivetosender.nListenactivelytothemessagebeingsent.nAskforclarification,repetitionwherenecessary.nKeepch
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