人教版初一英语下册各单元知识点讲义.doc

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1、人教版初一英语下册各单元知识点讲义Unit1 Wheres your pen pal from?1.国家国籍首都人语言ChinaChineseBeijingChineseChineseThe United KingdomEnglishLondonEnglishmanEnglishwomanEnglishThe United StatesAmericanWashingtonD.CAmericanEnglishCanadaCanadianOttawaCanadianEnglishAustraliaAustralianCanberraAustralianEnglishFranceFrenchPari

2、sFrenchmanFrenchwomanFrenchJapanJapaneseTokyoJapaneseJapanese2. pen pal = pen friend3. 问某人来自哪里1) Where + be + 主语 + from ? 2) Where + do/does + 主语 + come from ?here is your pen pal from ? Where does your pen pal from? He is from Australia. He comes from Australia. be from = come from 来自4. 美国1) the Un

3、ited( States of America (美利坚合众国)是美国的全称和正式国名，其缩写形式是(the )U.S.A.或（the USA。2) the United States 是美利坚合众国的简称，其缩写形式是(the )U.S.或（the）US。3) America是传统习惯上对美国的指代。严格地说应为美洲，而不是美国。4) Uncle Sam（山姆大叔）是口语中对美国/美国政府/美国人的一种诙谐的说法。5. 英国1) 全称the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国)，简称the U

4、nited Kingdom(联合王国)，缩写UK .2) 还可用下列名称代表英国： Britain, Great Britain, England, the British Isles 6. 问某人住在哪里：Where+助动词+主语+live ? Where does he live? He lives in Shanghai.他住在哪？他住在上海。7. What language does she speak? 她讲什么语言？8. 辨析speak，say, talk, tell 1) speak“说”,“讲话”。强调说的能力。 作及物动词，只能接某种语言作宾语：speak + 语言 “说某种

5、语言”。 作不及物动词，“讲话，发言” She is speaking.她正在讲话/发言。 2)say“说”，后面跟说的内容。 I can say ABC.我会说ABC. say hello to sb.向某人问好。 say sorry to sb.向某人道歉。 say it in English用英语说（它）。 3)talk“谈论，交谈”。 talk to sb.对某人说话 talk with sb同某人交谈 talk about/on 谈论 4) tell“告诉，讲述”。 tell sb. sth. = tell sth. to sb. 告诉某人某事 tell sb. about sth.

6、 告诉某人关于某事 tell sb. to do sth.告诉某人去做某事 tell sb. not to do sth. 告诉某人不要做某事 tell a story 讲故事 tell a lie 撒谎9. Japanese for Kids 儿童日语 French for Today 今日法语10. want/would like 想要（would like比want委婉） 1)want/would like sth.想要某物 2)want/would like to do sth.想要做某事 3)want/would like sb. to do sth.想要某人做某事11. 辨析int

7、eresting与interested 1) interesting可作表语，指某人/事/物本身有趣；也可作定语修饰人或物 The book is interesting. 这书很有趣。 (作表语) I have an interesting book.我有本有趣的书。（作定语） 2) interested用于be/get/become interested in(对感兴趣)这一结构中。 He is interested in playing football.他对踢足球感兴趣。12. 辨析little, a little, few, a few 1) little, a little修饰不可

8、数名词；few, a few修饰可数名词。 2) little, few表否定含义“几乎没有”，a little, a few表肯定含义“一点儿，少量” There is_water in the cup. 杯子里有点水。 I know_English. 我几乎不懂英语。 There are_apples on the table. 桌子上有几个苹果。 The stone is too heavy,_people can move it.13. or的四种含义 1)用于肯定句，连接两个并列的成分，意为“或者”。 We will go to America this week or next w

9、eek.我们这一周或下一周去美国。 2)用在选择疑问句中，意“还是”。Are your shoes red or black? 你的鞋是红色的还是黑色的？ 3)用在否定句中，意“和”。I dont like milk or coffee.我不喜欢牛奶和咖啡。 4)在“祈使句+or+简单句”中，意“否则，要不然”。 Hurry up, or well be late. 快点，否则我们就迟到了。14. 去看电影 go to movies/go to a movie/go to the cinema/go to see a film15. like doing sth.喜欢做某事。表示人的兴趣、爱好

10、及经常性的活动 Like to do sth.喜欢/想要做某事。表一次性的动作。 Jim likes playing football.吉姆喜欢踢足球。 Jim likes to play football this afternoon.吉姆想下午去踢足球。16. and 与 with 1)and是连词，连接两个并列成分。当and连接两个人或事物作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。 He and I _ both students.他和我都是学生。 2)with是介词，当with短语位于主语之后时，谓语动词应与with前面的名词或代词在数上保持一致。eg: Tom with his friends

11、goes to school.汤姆和朋友们一起去上学。17. write to sb. = write a letter to sb. 给某人写信18. He is 14 years old.他14岁。(作表语) He is a 14- year- old boy.他是个14岁的男孩。（作定语） Unit2 Wheres the post office?1There be 结构（P102） 当主语是几个并列名词时，be与最近的名词在数上保持一致（就近原则）There is a pen and two books on the desk.There are two books and a pen

12、 on the desk.there be句型表“某地/某时有某物/人”，指客观存在；have(has)表“某人有某物”，指从属关系。There is a bed in his room.他的房间里有张床。He has a bed in his room. 他有一张床，在他的房间里。2. 问路1)Excuse me, Is there a post office near here?打扰一下，请问这附近有邮局吗？2)Excuse me .Which is the way to the post office?打扰一下，请问那一条是去邮局的路？3)Excuse me .Where is the

13、post office? 打扰一下，邮局在哪？4) Excuse me .Could you tell me how to get to the post office? 打扰一下，你能告诉我怎样到达邮局吗？5) Excuse me .Could you tell me how I can get to the post office? 打扰一下，你能告诉我怎样到达邮局吗？ 6) Excuse me .Could you tell me the way to the post office?打扰一下，你能告诉我去邮局的路吗？ 7) Excuse me .How can I get to the

14、 post office? 打扰一下，请问我怎样才能到达邮局？ 3. 指路 1)Its + 介词 + 地点。 它在 Its on Center Street. 2)Go down/along this street. 沿着这条街道走。 3)Walk on and turn left/right.继续往前走，然后向左/右拐。 4)Turn right at the third turning.=Take the third turning on the right.在第三个路口向右拐 5)Its about metres from here.离这儿大约有米。4. 介词短语on 在的上面 in 在

15、的里面 behind在的后面 next to 在/紧靠的旁边 across from 在的对面betweenand 在和之间in the neighborhood 在附近 in the neighborhood of 在的附近 on the left/right 在左/右边 on the left/right of 在的左/右边in the front of 在(内部)的前面 in front of 在（外部）的前面 I stand in front of my father.我站在我父亲前面。 Theres a blackboard in the front of the classroom

16、.教室的前面有一块黑板。5. go straight 径直往前走6. 表感谢的用语：Thank you / Thank you very much / Thanks / Thanks a lot / Many thanks.7. 回答感谢的用语：Thats all right / Thats OK. Not at all. Youre welcome.8. clean adj.干净的，清洁的。反义词dirty. A clean park干净的公园 v.打扫把弄干净。 Clean the room打扫房间9. old 老的。反义词young。新的。反义词new.10. welcome 1)adj

17、.受欢迎的 2)n.欢迎 3)v.欢迎 welcome to欢迎到（某个）地方来 welcome sb to 欢迎某人到（某个）地方来11. enjoy v.享受的乐趣，喜爱。 enjoy + n/pron/v-ingenjoy doing sth喜欢做某事 I enjoy playing soccer.enjoy oneself = have a good time = have fun 过得开心，玩得愉快 We enjoyed ourselves very much yesterday.=We had a good time yesterday.12. quiet 安静的，平静的 quit

18、e 十分，很13. take a walk = have a walk = walk 散步，步行14. through / across / over 通过，穿过 1) through 指从物体的内部穿过 go through the forest/window2) across指从物体的表面通过 walk across the bridge3) over指在空间范围上通过、越过 The birds fly over the city.鸟儿飞过城市。15. with 1)带有，具有 China is a great country with a long history.中国是个历史依据的伟大

19、国家 2)和一起 I go to school with Tom every day. 3)用，表使用某种工具、手段等。Write with a pen 用钢笔写 4)随着，强调同时 With these words, he left the room.说着这些话，他离开了房间。 5)在身边/上 I dont have any money with me.我身上没带钱。16. the beginning of 的开始 at the beginning of在初/的开始 at the beginning of the term在学期开始的时候 at the end of 在的末端/结尾17.a

20、good place to have fun 娱乐的好地方 have fun doing sth 很高兴/愉快地做某事 We had fun playing soccer yesterday.昨天我们踢足球踢得很开心。18. be busy with sth / be busy doing sth 忙于做某事 Im busy with my homework = Im busy doing my homework He is busy writing a letter.19. if. “如果”。引导条件状语从句。主句用一般将来时/祈使句/含情态动词的句子时，if引导的条件状语从句常用一般现在时

21、表将来。 1)Ill go to the park if it doesnt rain.如果明天不下雨的话，我就去公园。 2)Please tell him about it if he comes. 如果他来的话请告诉他这件事。 3)You must see a doctor if you are ill.如果你生病了必须去看医生。20. 到达某地 1)get to +某地 2) reach+某地 3)arrive in+大地点； arrive at + 小地点 I get to Beijing= I reach Beijing= I arrive in Beijing 当某地是副词here

22、, there, home时，get to, arrive at, arrive in中的介词to, at, in须省略。 get there/here/home 到那儿/这儿/家 arrive there/here/home 到那儿/这儿/家21. I know you are arriving next Sunday.我知道你下个星期就会到达。 一些表位置转移的动词常用现在进行时表将来，如go, come, arrive, start, move, fly等。22. let sb. do sth. 让某人做某事make sb. do sth. 让/迫使某人做某事watch sb. do s

23、th. 看某人做某事see sb. do sth. 看见某人做某事hear sb. do sth. 听见某人做某事notice sb. do sth. 注意某人做某事23. take a taxi/bus/car/train乘.24. I hope you have a good trip. 我希望你旅途愉快。25. open 1)v.打开 Please open the door.请开门 2)adj.开着的，营业的。The door is open.门是开着的。The shop is open from 7:00am to 5:00pm.这家商店从上午七点营业到下午五点。 close v.

24、关闭 closed adj. 关着的，打烊的Unit 3 Why do you like koalas1. Lets see the pandas first.让我们先去看大熊猫吧。(lets = let us) let sb. do sth. 让某人做某事2. Why do you like pandas? Because theyre very cute. 回答Why?通常用Because3. kind 1)种类 a kind of一种many kinds of多种all kinds of各种各样的2)仁慈的，和蔼的，好意的，友爱的 He is a kind man. He is kind

25、 to everyone.他与人为善。Its very kind of you to help me.3)kind of + adj/adv 稍微/有几分(相当于a little) He is kind of /a little shy.4. welcome to +某地：欢迎到某地来Welcome to the zoo.欢迎来到动物园。5. other / else 1) other通常修饰名词，放在名词之前。What other animals do you like? 你还喜欢其他的什么动物？ 2）else通常修饰疑问词(如who, whose, what, when. where 等)

26、及不定代词(如something, anything ,nothing, nobody, anybody等)，放在它们之后。 What else do you want? 你还想要其他什么东西？ I dont want anything else.我不想要别的东西了。 3）other与表示数量的词一起做定语时，other须位于这些词的后面。 some other books一些其他的书/其他的一些书 three other men 另外三个人6. play with和玩7. The boy is twelve (years old).这个男孩12岁。 He is a twelve-years-

27、 old boy.他是个12岁的男孩。8. be quiet = keep quiet 保持安静9. during“在期间”during the day在白天（= in the day）10.go to bed上床睡觉 get up 起床11.Isnt he cute? 他不逗人喜爱吗？ 此句为否定式的一般疑问句，用来表示惊讶、怀疑、邀请、赞叹、强调等。这种疑问句的回答不同于汉语的习惯。 -Dont you like animals? 你不喜欢动物吗？ -Yes, I do 不，我喜欢。 -No, I dont.是的。我不喜欢。 1）回答不管是肯定的还是否定的，前后必须保持一致，绝不能出现“Y

28、es, I dont”或“No, I do.”这样错误的形式。 2）回答用Yes还是No，应根据事实情况。12.friendly adj.友好的 1) be friendly to sb.对某人友好 = be kind to sb.(指对别人态度好、热情) 2) be friendly with sb. 和某人关系好/要好（指两者的关系） 他对我很友好。He is friendly/kind to me. 我们班上的同学相互关系都很好。The classmates in our class are friendly with each other.13. every day “每天，天天” W

29、e go to school every day. 我们每天都上学。 everyday “日常的” everyday English 日常英语14. Make two more animals in the frames and write about them. 在方框内再画上两只动物并对它们进行描写。 more “又，再” 数词+more+名词 “又有多少，再有多少” Please listen two more times. 请再听两遍。 Some more girls go into the room.又有两个女孩进入了房间。15. more/another “又，再” more 置于

30、数词后，another置于数词前。 We need three men. = We need another three men. 我们还需要3个人。Unit 4 I want to be an actor1. 询问职业： 1）What + do/does + 主语 + do? What does she do? She is a doctor.她是干什么的？她是一名医生。 2）What + be (is/am/are) + 主语.? What is your mother? She is a teacher. 你妈妈是干什么的？她是一名老师。 3）What be ones job? What

31、 is your mothers job? She is a teacher. 你妈妈的职业是什么？她是一名老师。 4）What + do /does + 主语 + want to be ? What do you want to be? I want to be an actor.你想成为什么？我想成为一名演员。2. work with.和打交道，和一起工作3 give sb. sth. = give sth. to sb. give me their mony = give their money to me4. get sth. from.从处取得/走某物 get their money

32、 from me 从我这儿把他们的钱取走5. wear, put on, be in, dress 1) wear “穿着，戴着”，强调穿的状态。 2) put on“穿上，戴上”，强调穿的动作。 3) be in中的in是介词，也表示“穿着，戴着”的状态，后接衣服或颜色。 4) dress“给穿衣，打扮”常跟人作宾语。 他穿着白色的制服。He wears a white uniform = He is in a white uniform. 外面很冷，你最好穿上你的外套。Its very cold outside. Youd better put on your coat. 你能帮我给孩子们

33、穿衣服吗？Could you help me dress the children? 那个穿着红衣服的女孩是我妹妹。The girl in red is my sister. in + 颜色：穿某种颜色的衣服6. I work late.我工作到很晚。7. go out to dinner出去吃饭8. work hard 努力工作9. We have a job for you as a waiter.我们可以为你提供一份当服务员的工作 辨析job 与work 1) job“工作，职业，职位”是可数名词，指具体的某项工作。 2) work“工作；劳动；（要做的）事情”，是不可数名词，主要指体力

34、活脑力的劳动，表示一种抽象的概念 Whats your job? 你从事什么工作？ I have much work to do. 我有许多工作要做。10.work for.为工作11.We are an international school for children of 5-12.我们是一所为5-12岁孩子开办的国际学校。12. Sir先生/Madam女士：单独使用，不能放在姓氏之前。 Mr先生/Mrs夫人/Miss小姐/Ms女士：用在姓氏的前面Unit 5 Im watching TV1. 现在进行时（The Present Progressive Tense）1) 现在进行时表示现

35、在（说话瞬间）正在进行或发生的的动作。如： The student are listening to the teacher. He is watching TV now. 现在进行时也可表示当前一段时间内的活动或现阶段正在进行的动作。 We are working on a farm these days. Im writing a book this month.2) 构成：be(am/is/are) + v-ing。以动词work为例，现在进行时的肯定式、否定式、疑问式和简略答语如下： 肯定式 I am working. You are working. He / She / It is

36、 working. We / You / They are working. 否定式I am not working. You are not working. He / She / It is not working. We / You / They are not working. 疑问式和简略答语： Am I working? Are you working? Yes, you are. Yes, I am. No, you are not (arent) No, I am not. Is he / she / it working? Are we working? Yes, he /

37、she / it is. Yes, you are. No, he / she / it is not (isnt). No, you are not (arent) Are you working? Are they working? Yes, we are. Yes, they are. No, we are not (arent) No, they are not (arent).3) 动词-ing形式的构成： 一般在动词原形末尾加-ing. gogoing askasking looklooking 以不发音字母e结尾的动词，先去掉e，再加-ing. writewriting make

38、making taketaking 以重读闭音节结尾的动词，如果末尾只有一个辅音字母，应先双写这个字母，再加-ing。 getgetting sitsitting putputting runrunning beginbeginning 以ie结尾的重读开音节动词改ie为y，再加-ing。 diedying lielying tie-tying2. What are you doing? Im watching TV. 你在干什么？我在看电视。Whats he doing? Hes doing his homework.他在干什么？他在做家庭作业。Whats she doing? Shes r

39、eading. 她在干什么？她在看书。3. Sure“的确，当然”，相当于Certainly，可代替Yes作肯定回答。Do you like pandas? Sure! 你喜欢熊猫吗？ 当然！4. wait for.等候5. talk to“和/对说话”（主要指一方说，另一方听）talk with“和交谈”（指双方交谈） talk about“谈论”6. family“家庭，家人”，是个集合名词。指整体概念即“家庭”时为单数名词，指组成家庭的成员即“家人“时，为复数名词。 1) 他的家庭是个幸福的家庭。His family is a happy family. 2) 他家人在看电视。 His

40、family are watching TV. Unit 6 Its raining1. n. adj. sun阳光 sunny 晴朗的 snow雪 snowy下雪的 rain雨 rainy下雨的 wind风 windy多风的 cloud云 cloudy多云的 fog雾 foggy多雾的 ice冰 icy结冰的2. 询问天气 1）Hows the weather? Its 北京的天气怎么样？多云。 Hows the weather in Beijing? Its cloudy. 2) Whats the weather like？Its Whats the weather like in Be

41、ijing? Its cloudy.3. cook 1)v. 做饭 2）n. 厨师 cooker n. 厨具4. Hows it going? 情况如何？ Not bad.不错。 Great.太好了。 Terrible.太糟了。 Pretty good.相当好 Just so so.马马虎虎5. pretty 1) adj. 俊俏；娇小；漂亮 a pretty girl 漂亮的姑娘 2) adv. 相当；很；颇 近义词是very或quiet6. hot炎热的-cold寒冷的 warm温暖的-cool凉爽的7. Thanks for因而感谢 for是介词，后接n / pron / v-ing.

42、(名词/代词、动名词) Thanks for the photo of your family. 谢谢你的全家福照片。 Thanks for helping me. 谢谢你帮助我。8. on vacation 在度假；在假期中9. take a photo/take photos 拍照10.some, others一些，（另一些） Some are taking photos, others are lying on the beach.一些人在拍照，一些人正躺在沙滩上。11.other, the other, others, the others, another 1)other可作形容词或

43、代词。adj. “别的，其他的” Do you have any other questions? 你还有其他的问题吗？ Ask some other people. 问问别人吧。 2) the other 代词，（两者中的）“另一个” （other为代词） onethe other一个，另一个 He has two sons, one is a doctor, the other is a worker. 他有两个儿子，一个是医生，另一个是工人。 3) others代词，是other的复数形式，泛指“其余的（人或物）” （指其余的部分） someothers一些，（另）一些 There are lots of students on the playground, some