21世纪大学生英语读写教程第二册第6单元 含课后答案老师上课课件.ppt

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1、Unit 6:Part A21stCenturyCollegeEnglish:Book221stCenturyCollegeEnglish:Book2ABriefHistoryofStephenHawkingUnit6:PartAUnit6:PartA Pre-reading Activities Intensive Study Exercises AssignmentPre-readingActivitiesPre-readingActivities Pre-listening Warm-up QuestionsPre-readingActivities:Pre-readingActivit

2、ies:ListeningListeningFirstFirstListening:Listening:BeforeBeforeyouyoulistenlistentotothethetape,tape,havehavea aquickquicklooklook atat thethe paragraphparagraph onon p.160.p.160.ItsIts similarsimilar toto whatwhat youllyoullhearhearononthethetape,tape,butbuttheretherearearesomesomedifferences.diff

3、erences.AsAsyouyoulistenlistenthethefirstfirsttime,time,trytrytotofindfindthethesectionssectionsofofthetheparagraphparagraph thatthatarearedifferentdifferentfromfromwhatwhatyouyouhearhearononthethetape.tape.DontDontworryworryaboutabout yetyet whatwhat thethe exactexact differencesdifferences areare

4、justjust underlineunderlinewheretheyappear.wheretheyappear.SecondListening:SecondListening:Nowunderlinethedifferences.Nowunderlinethedifferences.Pre-readingActivities:Pre-readingActivities:ListeningListeningCheck-upCheck-upPre-readingActivities:Pre-readingActivities:ListeningListeningThedifferencesy

5、oushouldunderlineare:Thedifferencesyoushouldunderlineare:StephenStephenHawking,Hawking,thetheworld-famousworld-famousscientistscientistandandauthor,author,lostlost hishis abilityability toto speakspeak inin 1985.1985.AlreadyAlready confinedconfined toto a awheelchair,wheelchair,unableunabletotomovem

6、ovemoremorethanthana afewfewmuscles,muscles,hehelostlosthishis voicevoice andand thisthis meantmeant hehe couldcould communicatecommunicate onlyonly bybyraisingraisinghishiseyebrows.eyebrows.ThenThenananAmericanAmericancomputercomputerprogrammerprogrammer camecame toto HawkingsHawkings rescuerescue

7、byby designingdesigning a avocalizingvocalizingcomputercomputerspeciallyspeciallyforforhim.him.WithWithitsitshelp,help,HawkingHawkingcancan constructconstruct sentencessentences atat a a speedspeed ofof aboutabout 1515 wordswords perperminute,minute,byby selectingselecting wordswords fromfrom hishis

8、 computercomputer screenscreen andandthenthenclickingclickingonona adevicedevicethatthatvocalizesvocalizesthethesentencessentencesforforhim.him.HawkingHawkingjokesjokesaboutaboutthethecomputer:computer:“The“TheonlyonlytroubletroubleisisthatthatitgivesmeanAmericanaccent.itgivesmeanAmericanaccent.Scri

9、ptScriptPre-readingActivities:Pre-readingActivities:ListeningListening StevenStevenHawking,Hawking,thethewell-knownwell-knownscientistscientistandandauthor,author,lostlosthishisabilityabilitytotospeakspeakinin1983.1983.AlreadyAlreadyconfinedconfinedtotoa awheelchair,wheelchair,unableunabletotomovemo

10、vemoremorethanthana afewfewmuscles,muscles,hehelostlosthishisvoicevoiceandandthisthisleftlefthimhimableabletotocommunicatecommunicateonlyonlybybyraisingraisinghishisfingers.fingers.ThenThenananAustralianAustraliancomputercomputerprogrammerprogrammercamecametotoHawkingsHawkingsrescuerescue byby desig

11、ningdesigning a a vocalizingvocalizing computercomputer speciallyspecially forfor him.him.WithWithitsitshelp,help,HawkingHawkingcancanconstructconstructsentencessentencesatata aspeedspeedofofaboutabout 5050 wordswords perper minute,minute,byby selectingselecting wordswords fromfrom a acomputercomput

12、er screenscreen andand thenthen clickingclicking a a devicedevice thatthat sayssays thethesentencessentencesforforhim.him.HawkingHawkinglikeslikesthethecomputer,computer,saying:saying:“The“TheonlytroubleisthatitgivesmeanAustralianaccent.onlytroubleisthatitgivesmeanAustralianaccent.Pre-readingActivit

13、ies:Pre-readingActivities:Warm-upQuestionsWarm-upQuestionsWhat else do you know about StephenHawkingandhisbook“ABriefHistoryofTime?Whyishecalled“thesmartestmanintheworld?IntensiveStudyDifficultsentencesKeywords,phrases&usagesComprehensionexercisesIntensiveStudyIntensiveStudyABriefHistoryofStephenHaw

14、kingByMichaelWhite&JohnGribbinByMichaelWhite&JohnGribbinIntensiveStudyIntensiveStudy1 1HeHehashasbeenbeenproclaimedproclaimed“the“thefinestfinestmindmindalivealive,“the“thegreatestgreatestgeniusgeniusofofthethelatelate20th20thcenturycentury,andand“Einsteins“Einsteinsheirheir.KnownKnown toto millions

15、,millions,farfar andand wide,wide,forfor hishis bookbook AA BriefBriefHistoryHistoryofofTime,Time,StephenStephenHawkingHawkingisisa astarstarscientistscientistininmoremorewaysways thanthan one.one.HisHis giftgift forfor revealingrevealing thethe mysteriesmysteries ofof thetheuniverseuniverseinina as

16、tylestylethatthatnon-scientistsnon-scientistscancanenjoyenjoymademadeHawkingHawkingananinstantinstantcelebritycelebrityandandhishisbookbooka abestsellerbestsellerininbothbothBritainBritainandandAmerica.America.ItIthashasearnedearneda aplaceplaceininthetheGuinnessGuinnessBookBookofofRecordsRecordsfor

17、forspendingspending184184weeksweeksininTheTheSundaySundayTimesTimes“top-ten“top-ten lists,lists,andandhashassoldsoldmoremorethanthanfivefivemillionmillioncopiescopiesworldwideworldwidevirtuallyunheard-ofsuccessforasciencebook.virtuallyunheard-ofsuccessforasciencebook.IntensiveStudyIntensiveStudy2 2H

18、ow How did did all all this this happen?happen?How How has has a a man man who who is is almost almost completely completely paralysedparalysed and and unable unable to to speak speak except except through through a a computer computer overcome overcome these these incredible incredible obstacles ob

19、stacles and and achieved achieved far far more than most people ever more than most people ever dream ofdream of?3 3Stephen Stephen William William Hawking Hawking was was a a healthy healthy baby,baby,born born to to intellectual,intellectual,eccentric eccentric parents.parents.His His father fathe

20、r Frank,Frank,a a doctor doctor specializing specializing in in tropical tropical diseases,diseases,and and his his mother mother Isobel,Isobel,a a doctors doctors daughter,daughter,lived lived in in a a big big old old house house full full of of books.books.Carpets Carpets and and furniture furnit

21、ure stayed stayed in in use use until until they they fell fell apart;apart;the the wallpaper wallpaper hung hung peeling peeling from from old old ageage.The The family family car car was was a a London London taxi,taxi,bought bought for for 5050.IntensiveStudyIntensiveStudy4 4HawkingHawking hashas

22、 alwaysalways beenbeen fascinatedfascinated byby hishis birthbirth date:date:JanuaryJanuary8,8,1942.1942.ItItwaswasthethe300th300thanniversaryanniversaryofofthethedeathdeathofofGalileo,Galileo,thethe ItalianItalian mathematicianmathematician andand astronomerastronomer whowhorevolutionisedrevolution

23、ised astronomyastronomy byby maintainingmaintaining thatthat thethe SunSun isis thethecentrecentre ofof thethe SolarSolar SystemSystem notnot thethe Earth,Earth,asas ancientancientastronomersbelieved.astronomersbelieved.5 5“Galileo“Galileo,sayssaysHawking,Hawking,“was“wasthethefirstfirstscientistsci

24、entisttotostartstartusingusing hishis eyes,eyes,bothboth figurativelyfiguratively andand literally.literally.InIn a a sense,sense,hehewasresponsiblefortheageofsciencewenowenjoy.wasresponsiblefortheageofsciencewenowenjoy.IntensiveStudyIntensiveStudy6 6HawkingHawking attendedattended St.St.AlbansAlban

25、s School,School,a a privateprivate schoolschoolnotednotedforforitsitshighhighacademicacademicstandards.standards.HeHewaswaspartpartofofa asmallsmalleliteelite group,group,thethe brightestbrightest ofof thethe brightbright students.students.TheyThey hunghungaroundaroundtogether,together,listenedliste

26、nedtotoclassicalclassicalmusicmusicandandreadreadonlyonlysuchsuch“smart“smart authorsauthors asas AldousAldous HuxleyHuxley andand HawkingsHawkings hero,hero,BertrandBertrand Russell,Russell,atat onceonce anan intellectualintellectual giantgiant andand liberalliberalactivist.activist.7 7HawkingHawki

27、ngspentspentveryverylittlelittletimetimeononmathsmathshomework,homework,yetyetgotgotfullfullmarks.marks.AAfriendfriendrecalls:recalls:“While“WhileI Iwouldwouldbebestrugglingstrugglingawayawaywithwitha acomplicatedcomplicatedproblem,problem,hehejustjustknewknewthetheanswer.answer.HeHedidntdidnthaveto

28、thinkaboutit.havetothinkaboutit.IntensiveStudyIntensiveStudy8 8ThisThisinstinctiveinstinctiveinsightinsightalsoalsoimpressedimpressedhishisteachers.teachers.OneOneofofHawkingsHawkings sciencescience teachers,teachers,forfor example,example,recallsrecalls thethe timetime heheposedposedthethequestion:

29、question:“Does“Doesa acupcupofofhothotteateareachreacha adrinkabledrinkabletemperaturetemperaturemoremorequicklyquicklyififyouyouputputthethemilkmilkininfirst,first,ororaddaddthethemilkmilkafterafterpouring?pouring?WhileWhilethetherestrestofofthetheclassclassstruggledstruggledoveroverhowhowtotoevene

30、venbeginbeginapproachingapproachingthetheproblem,problem,HawkingHawkingalmostalmostinstantlyinstantly announcedannounced thethe correctcorrect answer:answer:“Add“Add thethe milkmilk afterafterpouring,pouring,ofofcourse.course.(The(Thehotterhotterthetheteateainitially,initially,thethefasterfasteritit

31、willwill cool.)cool.)AnotherAnother teacherteacher relatesrelates howhow HawkingHawking andand hishisfriendsfriendsbuiltbuilta asimplesimplecomputercomputer andandthisthiswaswasinin1958,1958,a atimetimewhenonlylargeresearchcentreshadanycomputersatall.whenonlylargeresearchcentreshadanycomputersatall.

32、IntensiveStudyIntensiveStudy9 9Hawking Hawking the the schoolboy schoolboy waswas a a typical typical grind,grind,underweight underweight and and awkward awkward and and peering peering through through eyeglasses.eyeglasses.His His grey grey uniform uniform always always looked looked a a mess mess

33、and and he he spoke spoke rather rather unclearly,unclearly,having having inherited inherited a a slight slight lisp lisp from from his his father.father.This This had had nothing nothing to to do do with with early early signs signs of of illness;illness;he he was was just just that that sort sort

34、of of kid kid a a figure figure of of classroom fun,respected by his friends,avoided by most.classroom fun,respected by his friends,avoided by most.IntensiveStudyIntensiveStudy1010HawkingHawking wentwent onon toto studystudy atat Oxford,Oxford,winningwinning a ascholarshipscholarshiptotoreadreadNatu

35、ralNaturalScience,Science,a acoursecoursewhichwhichcombinescombinesmathematics,mathematics,physicsphysicsandandastronomy,astronomy,atatUniversityUniversityCollege.College.HeHefoundfound muchmuch ofof thethe workwork easyeasy andand averagedaveraged onlyonly oneone hourshoursworkwork a a day.day.Once

36、,Once,whenwhen hishis tutortutor setset somesome physicsphysics problemsproblemsfromfroma atextbook,textbook,HawkingHawkingdidntdidntevenevenbotherbothertotododothem.them.AskedAskedwhy,why,hehespentspent2020minutesminutespointingpointingoutouterrorserrorsininthethebook.book.HisHismainmainenthusiasme

37、nthusiasmwaswasthetheBoatBoatClub.Club.ManyManytimestimeshehereturnedreturnedtotoshoreshorewithwithbitsbitsofofthetheboatboatknockedknockedoff,off,havinghavingtriedtriedtotoguideguidehishiscrewcrewthroughthroughananimpossiblyimpossiblynarrownarrowgap.gap.HisHisrowingrowingtrainertrainersuspects,susp

38、ects,“Half“Half thethe time,time,hehe waswas sittingsitting inin thethe sternstern withwith hishisheadinthestars,workingoutmathematicalformulae.headinthestars,workingoutmathematicalformulae.IntensiveStudyIntensiveStudy1111OxfordOxfordhashasalwaysalwayshadhaditsitsshareshareofofeccentriceccentricstud

39、ents,students,sosoHawkingHawkingfitfitrightrightin.in.ButButthen,then,whenwhenhehewaswas21,21,hehewaswastoldtoldthatthathehehadhadALSALSa aprogressiveprogressiveandandincurableincurablenervenervedisease.disease.Thedoctorspredictedthathehadonlyafewyearstolive.Thedoctorspredictedthathehadonlyafewyears

40、tolive.1212“Before“Before mymy conditioncondition waswas diagnosed,diagnosed,I I waswas veryvery boredboredwithwithlife,life,HawkingHawkingsayssaystoday,today,speakingspeakingfromfromhishiswheelchairwheelchairthroughthrough a a computerizedcomputerized voicevoice synthesizer.synthesizer.TheThe docto

41、rsdoctors grimgrimprognosisprognosismademadehimhimdetermineddeterminedtotogetgetthethemostmostfromfroma alifelifehehehadpreviouslytakenforgranted.hadpreviouslytakenforgranted.IntensiveStudyIntensiveStudy1313“But“ButI Ididntdidntdie,die,HawkingHawkingnotesnotesdryly.dryly.Instead,Instead,asashishisph

42、ysicalphysicalconditionconditionworsened,worsened,HawkingsHawkingsreputationreputationininscientificscientificcirclescircles grew,grew,asas ifif toto demonstratedemonstrate thethe theorytheory ofof mindmind overovermatter.matter.HawkingHawkinghimselfhimselfacknowledgesacknowledgeshishisdiseasediseas

43、easasbeingbeinga acrucialcrucialfactorfactorininfocusingfocusinghishisattentionattentionononwhatwhatturnedturnedoutouttotobebehishisrealrealstrength:strength:theoreticaltheoreticalresearch.research.HawkingHawkingspecializesspecializesinin theoreticaltheoretical cosmology,cosmology,a a branchbranch o

44、fof sciencescience thatthat seeksseeksultimateultimate answersanswers toto bigbig questions:questions:WhyWhy hashas thethe universeuniversehappened,happened,andandwhatwhatarearethethelawslawsthatthatgoverngovernit?it?HisHismainmainworkworkhashasbeenbeenononblackblackholesholesandandthetheoriginorigi

45、nandandexpansionexpansionofofthetheuniverse.universe.HeHe currentlycurrently holdsholds thethe CambridgeCambridge UniversityUniversityprofessorshiponceheldbySirIsaacNewton.professorshiponceheldbySirIsaacNewton.IntensiveStudyIntensiveStudy1414TheThe smartestsmartest manman inin thethe worldworld isis

46、 notnot immuneimmune toto thethedepressiondepressionthatthatcancanaccompanyaccompanysevereseveredisabilities.disabilities.ButButHawkingHawkingsays:says:“I“Isoonsoonrealizedrealizedthatthatthetherestrestofofthetheworldworldwontwontwantwanttotoknowknowyouyouififyoureyourebitterbitterororangry.angry.Yo

47、uYouhavehavetotobebepositivepositiveififyoureyoure toto getget muchmuch sympathysympathy oror help.help.HeHe goesgoes on:on:“Nowadays,“Nowadays,musclemuscle powerpower isis obsolete.obsolete.WhatWhat wewe needneed isis mindmindpowerpowerandanddisableddisabledpeoplepeopleareareasasgoodgoodatatthattha

48、tasasanyoneanyoneelse.else.IntensiveStudyIntensiveStudyalivealivea.a.(predicative)havinglife;living(predicative)havinglife;livinge.g.e.g.ThedoctorsaretryingeverypossiblemeanstokeepThedoctorsaretryingeverypossiblemeanstokeephimhimalivealive.ItisreportedthatmorethanfortypeoplewereItisreportedthatmoret

49、hanfortypeoplewereburnedburnedalivealiveinyesterdaysfire.inyesterdaysfire.Cf.Cf.livingliving a.a.(attributive)(attributive)e.g.e.g.IhavenoIhavenolivinglivingrelativesinmyhometown.relativesinmyhometown.More to learnMore to learnHehasbeenproclaimed“thefinestmindaliveHehasbeenproclaimed“thefinestmindal

50、ive.ParaphraseParaphrase?HehasbeendeclaredthemostintelligentmanwhoisHehasbeendeclaredthemostintelligentmanwhoislivingtoday.livingtoday.Hehasbeenproclaimed“thefinestmindaliveHehasbeenproclaimed“thefinestmindalive.Knowntomillions,Knowntomillions,Pastparticipialphrasescanbeusedasadverbials.Pastparticip