微电子专业外语322097.pptx

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1、Basic MOS Device PhysicsThisflexibilityofPFETsisexploitedinsomeanalogcircuits.ThecircuitsymbolsusedtorepresentNMOSandPMOStransistorsareshowninFig.2.5.v注意：flexibility，exploited，useDesign of Analog COMS Integrated Circuitflexibility，exploited flexibility英fleksblt美flksbltn.柔韧性，机动性，灵活性exploit vt.开采；开拓；利

2、用（为自己谋利）；剥削近义词advantage得益，获利Design of Analog COMS Integrated Circuituseusedto是“过去曾经.”的意思，后接动词比如：Heusedtobeateacher。他曾经是一名教师Iusedtogoswimmingonceaweek。我曾经每周都去游泳beusedto是“习惯.”的意思，后接名词Heisusedtogettingupearly.他习惯了早起Maryisusedtoherhusbandsbadtemper.Mary习惯了她丈夫的坏脾气Design of Analog COMS Integrated Circuitu

3、segetusedto强调的是由“不习惯”到“习惯”的这个过程，而“beusedto”所强调的只是“习惯了”这个状态Design of Analog COMS Integrated CircuitBasic MOS Device PhysicsvThesymbolsinFig.2.5(b)containallfourterminals,withthesubstratedenotedbyB(bulk)ratherthanStoavoidconfusionwiththesource.v注意：avoid+n/-ingDesign of Analog COMS Integrated CircuitBa

4、sic MOS Device PhysicsvThesourceofthePMOSdeviceispositionedontopasavisualaidbecauseithasahigherpotentialthanitsgate.v注意：asavisualaid作为视觉辅助Design of Analog COMS Integrated CircuitBasic MOS Device PhysicsvSinceinmostcircuitsthebulkterminalsofNMOSandPMOSdevicesaretiedtogroundandVdd,respectively,weusual

5、lyomittheseconnectionsindrawingFig.2.5(a).v注意：omit;indrawingFigxxDesign of Analog COMS Integrated Circuitomitomit是省略neglect是不经意的忽视而ignore是故意不理其他近义词skip,missDesign of Analog COMS Integrated CircuitBasic MOS Device PhysicsvIndigitalcircuits,itiscustomarytousethe“switchsymbolsdepictedinFig.2.5(c)forthe

6、twotypes,butwepreferthoseinFig.2.5(a)becausethevisualdistinctionbetweenDandSproveshelpfulinunderstandingtheoperationofcircuits.v注意：preferDesign of Analog COMS Integrated Circuitprefer1、后接不定式时与ratherthan或insteadof连用，如：Hepreferredtodieratherthan(to)steal./Heperferredtodieinsteadofstealing.他宁死也不去偷窃。2、注

7、意介词搭配，如：Ipreferswimmingtoskating.(Ilikeswimmingbetterthanskating.)我喜欢游泳胜过滑冰。prefer因其本身含有比较之意，而不可再与more或most连用Design of Analog COMS Integrated Circuitprefer3、prefer名词或动名词“宁愿”，“更喜欢”。Iprefergoingbybike.我宁愿骑单车去。4、prefertodo“愿意做”。Iprefertogoatonce.我愿意马上就走。5、prefersbtodo“愿意某人做”Ipreferyoutogoatonce.我倒希望你马上

8、就走。Design of Analog COMS Integrated CircuitBasic MOS Device PhysicsvInthissection,weanalyzethegenerationandtransportofchargeinMOSFETsasafunctionoftheterminalvoltages.v注意：analyze;functionDesign of Analog COMS Integrated Circuitanalyze analyse和analyze英美的写法不同；而analysis和analyse词性不同，不过analyse也有名词的用法。anal

9、ysen.研究分析各个部分。analysisn.研究一个整体的各部分，以及其各部分组成整体的关系Design of Analog COMS Integrated Circuitfunction官能,功能,作用Theteacherexplainsitsgrammaticalfunction.老师解释它的语法功能。2.职务,职责Whatishisfunctiononthecommittee?他在委员会里担任什么职务?函式、函数在数学领域，函数是一种关系在编程语言中，表示子例程的一般性名词。Design of Analog COMS Integrated CircuitBasic MOS Devic

10、e PhysicsvOurobjectiveistoderiveequationsfortheI/Vcharacteristicssuchthatwecanelevateourabstractionfromdevicephysicsleveltocircuitlevel.v注意：objective;derive;elevate;abstractionDesign of Analog COMS Integrated Circuitobjectiveobjective-由object（受体）而来，表示“受体的结果”，即此动作影响下的事物结果，顺理成章的。aim多注重于“目的”-事物发展的最终结果。

11、这一个“目的”“目标”是非主观的（即主语多用于物或者事件）goal长期、主观愿意的，尤其常用在表示“愿望”“理想”上面Design of Analog COMS Integrated Circuitelevateliftraiseelevate都含“举起”的意思。lift指“用体力或机械力把某物从地面举到一定的高度”，如：Shecanliftapailofwaterfromtheground.她能把一桶水提起来。raise与lift可换用，但着重“垂直高举”或“将物件由较低处移至较高处的适宜位置，以发挥应有的作用”，如：raiseaflag.升旗。elevate多数用於提高嗓子、思想，地位等D

12、esign of Analog COMS Integrated CircuitBasic MOS Device PhysicsvConsideranNFETconnectedtoexternalvoltagesasshowninFig.2.6(a).Whathappensasthegatevoltage,VG,increasesfromzero?v注意：increasesfromDesign of Analog COMS Integrated CircuitincreasesWehaveaddedonemilliontoourpopulation.Wehaveincreasedourpopul

13、ationbyonemillion.两句都表示“我们的人口已经增加了一百万。”Add通常与介词搭配AddupPleaseaddupthosenumbers.请把那些数字加起来。Design of Analog COMS Integrated Circuitincreasesaddto增加Hisabsenceaddstoourdifficulties.他的缺席增加了我们的困难。addupto合计为Lincolnsschooleducationaddeduptonomorethanoneyear.林肯的在校教育加起来不超过一年。Design of Analog COMS Integrated Ci

14、rcuitBasic MOS Device PhysicsvSincethegateandthesubstrateformacapacitor,asVGbecomesmorepositive,theholesinthep-substratearerepelledfromthegatearea,leavingnegativeionsbehindsoastomirrorthechargeonthegate.v注意：form;holes;repel;ions;soasto;mirrorDesign of Analog COMS Integrated Circuitformn.形状，形式；外形；方式；

15、表格vt.形成；构成；组织；塑造Theytriedtoformastudygrouponhumanrights他们试图组建一个人权问题研究小组。Youwillbeaskedtofillinaformwithdetailsofyourbirthandoccupation.你将需要填写一张有关生日和职业详情的表格。Design of Analog COMS Integrated Circuitholes;ions;mirror ion n.离子Ionsareelectricallychargedatoms.holes n.洞，孔；洞穴。current mirror 电流镜电流镜Design of

16、Analog COMS Integrated Circuitso as to两者都可以引导目的状语从句“为了”，inorderto在句子前面或中间皆可，而soasto不能放在句首，1.soasto.=inorderto.,它后面跟的不是句子,在它后面部分的逻辑主语本来就在前面.当然前后一致了.2.sothat.=so+that引导的从句,没有要求过从句和主句的主语一致。Design of Analog COMS Integrated CircuitBasic MOS Device PhysicsvInotherwords,adepletionregioniscreatedFig.2.6(b).

17、Underthisconditionnocurrentflowsbecausenochargecarriersareavailable.v注意：depletionregion；availableDesign of Analog COMS Integrated Circuitavailable这个词有点怪，是形容词，但是一般放到所修饰的词后面。凡句子中含有是“有。可以用到”的时候都可以考虑这个词。这个词关系到我们思维方式，而不是这个词用法有多复杂。反义词是unavailable.1、对不起，没座了。Chinglish:Sorry,wehavenoseatsnow.Revision:Sorry,n

18、oseatsavailable.Design of Analog COMS Integrated Circuitavailable2、网站暂时无法访问。Chinglish:Thiswebsitecantbevisitedtemporarily.Revision:WebsiteTemporarilyUnavailable.Design of Analog COMS Integrated CircuitBasic MOS Device PhysicsvAsVGincreases,sodothewidthofthedepletionregionandthepotentialattheoxide-si

19、liconinterface.v注意：sodoDesign of Analog COMS Integrated Circuitso doSodoI的用法主要用来说明前面所说的情况也同样适用于后面的人或物，意为“也一样”。该结构中的助动词do根据前文的情况也可换成is,am,are,was,were,does,did,can,could等。例如Hepassedtheexam,andsodidI=Hepassedtheexam,andIpassedtheexam,too=BothheandIpassedtheexam=HeandIbothpassedtheexam.他通过了考试，我也通过了考试。/

20、他和我都通过了考试。Design of Analog COMS Integrated Circuitso doTheywenttothezooyesterday.Sodidwe.他们昨天去了动物园，我们也去了。但是如果前面所述情况为否定式，则用neither,nor引出倒装句(此时不能用so)。例如Hecouldntdoit,andneithercouldshe.他做不了这事，她也做不了。Henevercomeslate.NordoI.他从不迟到，我也从不迟到Design of Analog COMS Integrated Circuitso doSoIdo的用法主要用于加强语气，其意为“的确

21、如此、确实如此”，表示后者赞同前者的话或意见，只是进一步强调并重复前句所述的内容。前后句的主语指的是同一个人或物。该结构中的助动词do根据前文的情况也可换成is,am,are,was,were,does,did,can,could等。例如Hehasdoneagoodjob.他干得不错。Sohehas.他的确干得不错Design of Analog COMS Integrated CircuitBasic MOS Device PhysicsvInasense,thestructureresemblestwocapacitorsinseries:thegateoxidecapacitorandt

22、hedepletionregioncapacitorFig.2.6.v注意：Inasense;resemblesDesign of Analog COMS Integrated CircuitresembleSomeproceduresusedforlaboratoryanalysisofarchaeologicalspecimensare_proceduresconductedincrimelaboratories.A:resembleB:similartoC:sameasD:alikeDesign of Analog COMS Integrated Circuitresemblebeali

23、keto与相同，与相似Greatmindsthinkalike.英雄所见略同。resemble是及物动词similar是形容词BDesign of Analog COMS Integrated Circuit课上作业An integrated circuit or monolithic integrated circuit(alsoreferredtoasanIC,achip,oramicrochip)isasetofelectroniccircuits on one small plate(chip)of semiconductor material,normallysilicon.This

24、canbemademuchsmallerthanadiscretecircuitmadefromindependentcomponents.Integratedcircuitsareusedinvirtuallyallelectronicequipmenttoday and have revolutionized the world of electronics.Computers,mobilephones,andotherdigitalhomeappliancesarenowinextricablepartsofthestructureofmodernsocieties,madepossib

25、lebythelowcostofproducingintegratedcircuits.ICs can be made very compact,having up to several billiontransistorsandotherelectroniccomponentsinanareathesizeofafingernail.Thewidthofeachconductinglineinacircuit(thelinewidth)can be made smaller and smaller as the technologyadvances,in2008itdroppedbelow1

26、00nanometersandin2013itisexpectedtobeinthetensofnanometers.Basic MOS Device PhysicsvWhentheinterfacepotentialreachesasufficientlypositivevalue,electronsflowfromthesourcetotheinterfaceandeventuallytothedrain.v注意：eventuallyDesign of Analog COMS Integrated Circuiteventuallyatlast,atlength,eventually,fi

27、nally,intheend,lastly这些词或词组均含有“最后，终于”之意。atlast:多指经主观努力，克服各种困难后才终于达到目的。atlength:强调经历一段长时间后终于完成，侧重在时间部分。eventually:侧重于动作或行为的结果。finally:常与atlast换用，都可用于对往事的描述，Design of Analog COMS Integrated CircuitBasic MOS Device PhysicsvThus,achannelofchargecarriersisformedunderthegateoxidebetweenSandD,andthetransis

28、toristurnedon”.v注意：oxideDesign of Analog COMS Integrated CircuitOxideOxidepassivation氧化层钝化Silicondioxide（SiO2）二氧化硅Aluminumlu:mnm-oxide铝氧化物Fieldoxide场氧化层Gateoxide栅氧化层Design of Analog COMS Integrated CircuitBasic MOS Device PhysicsvWealsosaytheinterfaceisinverted”.ThevalueofVGforwhichthisoccursiscalle

29、dthethresholdvoltage”,Vth.v注意：forwhichDesign of Analog COMS Integrated Circuitfor whichinwhich可以翻译成在.里面forwhich可以翻译成为了.目的onwhch可以翻译成在.的上面atwhich可以翻译成在.里面或在.上面这些介词的使用除了意思上的区别，具体是要以which引导的从句而定的例如(1)Theschool(that/which)heoncestudiedinisveryfamous.=Theschoolinwhichheoncestudiedisveryfamous.Design of A

30、nalog COMS Integrated Circuitfor which(2)TomorrowIwillbringhereamagazine(that/which)youaskedfor.=TomorrowIwillbringhereamagazineforwhichyouasked.还有一些固定搭配，得具体情况具体分析。例如Theplanemaybeseveralhourslate,inwhichcasetheresnopointinourwaiting.（固定搭配：inthecase)Design of Analog COMS Integrated CircuitBasic MOS D

31、evice PhysicsvIfVGrisesfurther,thechargeinthedepletionregionremainsrelativelyconstantwhilethechannelchargedensitycontinuestoincrease,providingagreatercurrentfromStoD.Design of Analog COMS Integrated CircuitBasic MOS Device PhysicsvInreality,theturn-onphenomenonisagradualfunctionofthegatevoltage,maki

32、ngitdifficulttodefineVthunambiguously.v注意：phenomenon;make;unambiguouslyDesign of Analog COMS Integrated Circuitmake中文中会出现很多“让”，在表示这些时，人们常常毫不思考的使用let到底，其实表示“让”一般有make,ask,let,have，但四个单词的用法不一样，所表示的语气程度也不一样。1.makemakesbdosomething表示强制sb做某事。Ifyoumake someonedosomething,youforcethemtodoit.You cant make m

33、e do anythingDesign of Analog COMS Integrated Circuitmakeasksbtodosth表示正常的要求，不强迫，无上下级之分。Ifyouasksomeonetodosomething,youtellthemthatyouwantthemtodoit.举例：We had to ask him to leave.Design of Analog COMS Integrated Circuitmakeletsbdosth态度最低，有点祈求许可之意。Collins解释为：Ifyouletsomeonedosomething,yougivethemyou

34、rpermissiontodoit.举例：I love sweets but Mum doesnt let me have them very often.Visa or no visa,they wont let you into the country.Design of Analog COMS Integrated CircuitmakeHavesbdosomething表示命令sb做某事，有支配、指使之意。Ifyouhave someonedosomething,youpersuade,cause,ororderthemtodoit.举例：Mr Gower had had us all

35、 working so hard.Design of Analog COMS Integrated CircuitBasic MOS Device PhysicsvInsemiconductorphysics,theVthofanNFETisusuallydefinedasthegatevoltageforwhichtheinterfaceisasmuchn-typeasthesubstrateisp-type”.v注意：asasDesign of Analog COMS Integrated Circuitas as表示“相等、相似、一样”。结构是as.as.，前一个as是副词，在否定句中也

36、可以用so，后跟被修饰的形容词或副词原级。如果所跟形容词修饰可数名词单数，则用as+adj.+a(an)+名词+as.，其中后面的as是连词。HespeaksEnglishwellindeed,butofcoursenot_anativespeaker.A.asfluentasB.morefluentthanC.sofluentlyasD.muchfluentlythan答案为C。Design of Analog COMS Integrated Circuitas asasmany/much/far/long.as+具体数目表示达到某种程度,译作“多达/远到/时间长达”。Johnistheta

37、llestboyintheclass_accordingtohimself.A.fivefooteightastallasB.astallasfivefooteightC.asfivefooteighttallasD.astallfivefooteightas答案为BDesign of Analog COMS Integrated Circuitas asas用于表示倍数的句型中如果表示A是B的X倍可以用句型“AisXtimesas+adj./adv.+asB.”。Whataterribletable!Iveneverseensuchathingbefore.Itis_itislong.A.h

38、alfnotaswideasB.widenotashalfasC.nothalfaswideasD.aswideasnothalf答案为cDesign of Analog COMS Integrated CircuitBasic MOS Device PhysicsvInpractice,thenativethresholdvalueobtainedfromtheaboveequationmaynotbesuitedtocircuitdesign,e.g.,Vth=0andthedevicedoesnotturnoffforVG0.v注意：besuitedtoDesign of Analog

39、COMS Integrated CircuitBasic MOS Device PhysicsvForthisreason,thethresholdvoltageistypicallyadjustedbyimplantationofdopantsintothechannelareaduringdevicefabrication,inessencealteringthedopinglevelofthesubstrateneartheoxideinterface.v注意：dopants;inessenceDesign of Analog COMS Integrated Circuitdopants

40、;in essence dopant 英dupnt美dopntn.搀杂物，搀杂剂in essence 本质上，大体上，其实Design of Analog COMS Integrated CircuitBasic MOS Device PhysicsvForexample,asshowninFig2.7,ifathinsheetofp+iscreated,thegatevoltagerequiredtodepletethisregionincreases.v注意：requiredDesign of Analog COMS Integrated Circuitrequired后面跟宾语从句时，从

41、句后谓语动词都要用虚拟语气，即should加原形动词或动词原形。例如:The teacher requested that each of us(should)gothereatonce.老师要求我们每一个人要马上到那儿去。Theteacherrequiredthatallofus(should)attendthemeeting.老师要求我们大家都出席这次会议。Design of Analog COMS Integrated Circuitrequiredrequest后接sb.todosth.,demand后接ofsb.todosth.,而requre后接两者均可。例如：Mr.Whitere

42、questedhisdaughtertoleavehere.怀特先生要求他的女儿离开这里。Mr.Greenrequired(of)hisstudentstokeepsilent.格林先生要求他的学生保持安静。Hedemandedofmetoshutthegate.他要求我关上大门。Design of Analog COMS Integrated Circuitrequiredrequire表示;需要的意思，后可接动词不定式或动名词。接动词不定式时，应该用不定式的被动形式，接动名词时，用动名词的主动形式（表示被动意义）。例如：Thebabyrequirestobelookedafter.=The

43、babyneeds/wantstobelookedafter.=Thebabyrequires/needs/wantslookingafter.Design of Analog COMS Integrated Circuitrequired注意：require(of)sb用于被动语态时，of不可省。如：Ihavedoneeverythingthatwasrequiredofme.demand后接fromsb或ofsb.Hedemandshelpfrom/ofme.demand后接不定式，不接动名词。Hedemandstoseemybooks.Design of Analog COMS Inte

44、grated CircuitBasic MOS Device PhysicsvTheabovedefinitionisnotdirectlyapplicabletothemeasurementofVth.v注意：applicableDesign of Analog COMS Integrated CircuitBasic MOS Device PhysicsvInFig2.6(a),onlythedraincurrentcanindicatewhetherthedeviceisonoroff”,thusfailingtorevealatwhatVGStheinterfaceisasmuchn-

45、typeasthebulkisp-type.v注意：failingDesign of Analog COMS Integrated CircuitBasic MOS Device PhysicsvAsaresult,thecalculationofVthfromI/Vmeasurementsissomewhatambiguous.WereturntothispointlaterbutassumeinourpreliminaryanalysisthatthedeviceturnsonabruptlyforVgsVth.v注意：somewhat;assume;preliminaryDesign o

46、f Analog COMS Integrated Circuitsomewhat;preliminary somewhat adv.稍微；有点；达到某种程度n.少量preliminary英priliminri美prlmnriadj.初步的，初级的；预备的；开端的；序言的n.准备工作；预赛；初步措施；（对学生等的）预考Design of Analog COMS Integrated Circuitassumeassume：指把一件尚未证实的事作为事实或真相，含有较强的武断成分。Iassumeyoualwaysgetupatthesametime.我想你总是在同一个时间起床。presume：指根据

47、过去的经验或某些现实的感觉把某事认为事实，虽然还没有确定的证据。Ipresumeyouretiredafterthelongride.长途旅行后我想你肯定累了。Design of Analog COMS Integrated CircuitBasic MOS Device PhysicsvTheturn-onphenomenoninaPMOSdeviceissimilartothatofNFETsbutwithallofthepolaritiesreversed.v注意：thatof;polaritypolrti,p-极性Design of Analog COMS Integrated Cir

48、cuitthat ofthatof.中that是代词,与关系代词无关,它代替了前面的某个内容.Theproductinherfactoryisbetterthanthatofmine.比较就要同质比较，并行就代替并行的内容.要符合逻辑Design of Analog COMS Integrated CircuitBasic MOS Device PhysicsvAsshowninFig.2.8,ifthegate-sourcevoltagebecomessufficientlynegative,aninversionlayerconsistingofholesisformedattheoxid

49、e-siliconinterfaceprovidingaconductionpathbetweenthesourceandthedrain.v注意：consistingofDesign of Analog COMS Integrated Circuitconsisting ofconsistvi由组成，由构成：Thisclubconsistsofmorethan200members这个俱乐部由200多个会员组成。用法拓展：consistof由组成，由构成consistin在于，存在于consistentwith和一致的特别提醒：consistof没有被动形式。Design of Analog

50、COMS Integrated Circuitconsisting ofTheopeningprovincewhich_thirteencountriesandthreecoastalcitieswillquickenitspacesofeconomicdevelopment.A.consistsofB.makesupC.isincludedD.iscontained答案为ADesign of Analog COMS Integrated Circuitconsisting ofconsistof常用整体作主语，表示“整体由部分组成”，引申为“包含有”，不能用于被动语态。makeup用部分作主