电磁场数值计算(基本原理)概要.ppt
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1、电电 磁磁 场场 数数 值值 计计 算算任课教师：王泽忠电磁场数值计算王泽忠Friday,March 10,20231华北电力大学（北京）电力工程系高电压与电磁兼容研究所电电 磁磁 场场 数数 值值 计计 算算任课教师：王泽忠3/10/20232华北电力大学（北京）电力工程系高电压与电磁兼容研究所电电 磁磁 场场 数数 值值 计计 算算任课教师：王泽忠Charles-Augustin de Coulomb(1736-1806)库仑库仑3/10/20233华北电力大学（北京）电力工程系高电压与电磁兼容研究所电电 磁磁 场场 数数 值值 计计 算算任课教师：王泽忠Charles-Augustin
2、de Coulomb(1736-1806),a military civil engineer,retired from the French army because of ill health after years in the West Indies.Forced from Paris by the disturbances of the revolution,he began working at his family estate and discovered that the torsion characteristics of long fibers made them ide
3、al for the sensitive measurement of magnetic and electric forces.He was familiar with Newtons inverse-square law and in the period 1785-1791 he succeeded in showing that electrostatic forces obey the same rule.3/10/20234华北电力大学（北京）电力工程系高电压与电磁兼容研究所电电 磁磁 场场 数数 值值 计计 算算任课教师：王泽忠Andr-Marie Ampre(1775-1836
4、)安培安培3/10/20235华北电力大学（北京）电力工程系高电压与电磁兼容研究所电电 磁磁 场场 数数 值值 计计 算算任课教师：王泽忠Andr-Marie Ampre(1775-1836)was a child prodigy whose early life was marred by tragedy:Ampres father was beheaded in his presence during the Revolution and,later,his wife died four years after their marriage.As a scientist,Ampre had
5、 flashes of inspiration which he would pursue to their conclusion.When he learned of rsteds discovery in 1820 that a magnetic needle is deflected by a varying nearby current,he prepared within a week the first of several papers on the theory of this phenomenon,formulating the law of electromagnetism
6、(Ampres law)that describes mathematically the magnetic force between two circuits.3/10/20236华北电力大学（北京）电力工程系高电压与电磁兼容研究所电电 磁磁 场场 数数 值值 计计 算算任课教师：王泽忠Michael Faraday(1791-1867)法拉第法拉第3/10/20237华北电力大学（北京）电力工程系高电压与电磁兼容研究所电电 磁磁 场场 数数 值值 计计 算算任课教师：王泽忠Michael Faraday(1791-1867)was born in a village near Londo
7、n.His father was a migrant blacksmith often ill and incapable of providing for his four children.Faradays great opportunity came when he was offered a ticket to attend chemical lectures by Sir Humphrey Davy in London.Faraday went and sent a bound copy of his notes to Davy asking for employment.Farad
8、ay began as Davys laboratory assistant.It has been said that Faraday was Davys greatest discovery.Faraday became the greatest experimentalist in electricity and magnetism of the 19th century.He produced an apparatus that was the first electric motor and in 1831 he succeeded in showing that a magnet
9、could induce electricity.Queen Victoria rewarded his lifetime of achievement by granting him the use of a house at Hampton Court and a knighthood.Faraday accepted the cottage but rejected the knighthood.3/10/20238华北电力大学（北京）电力工程系高电压与电磁兼容研究所电电 磁磁 场场 数数 值值 计计 算算任课教师：王泽忠James Clerk Maxwell(1831-1879)麦克斯
10、韦麦克斯韦3/10/20239华北电力大学（北京）电力工程系高电压与电磁兼容研究所电电 磁磁 场场 数数 值值 计计 算算任课教师：王泽忠James Clerk Maxwell(1831-1879)came from a middle class Edinburgh family.He is ranked with Newton and Einstein for the fundamental nature of his many contributions to physics.Most importantly,he originated the concept of electromagn
11、etic radiation and his field equations(1873)led to Einsteins special theory of relativity,It is ironic that when in 1860 the University of Aberdeen was formed by a merger between Kings College and Marischal College where he held a post,Maxwell was redundant.He applied at the University of Edinburgh,
12、but was turned down in favor of another.He found it necessary to move to Londons Kings College.In 1871,Maxwell was appointed the first Cavendish professor of experimental physics at Cambridge.Maxwell died at forty-nine after a short illness.He was buried in Scotland in the family plot;there were no
13、public honors at his passing.3/10/202310华北电力大学（北京）电力工程系高电压与电磁兼容研究所电电 磁磁 场场 数数 值值 计计 算算任课教师：王泽忠Heinrich Rudolf Hertz(1847-1894)赫兹赫兹3/10/202311华北电力大学（北京）电力工程系高电压与电磁兼容研究所电电 磁磁 场场 数数 值值 计计 算算任课教师：王泽忠Heinrich Rudolf Hertz(1847-1894)was the first to broadcast and receive radio waves.Maxwells theory had be
14、en based on unusual mechanical ideas about the ether and had not been universally accepted.In 1884,Hertz rederived Maxwells equations by a new method,casting them in modern form.Then,between 1885 and 1889,as a professor of physics at Karlsruhe Polytechnic,he produced electromagnetic waves in the lab
15、oratory and measured their wavelength and velocity.He showed that the nature of their reflection and refraction was the same as those of light,confirming that light waves are electromagnetic radiation obeying the Maxwell equations.3/10/202312华北电力大学（北京）电力工程系高电压与电磁兼容研究所电电 磁磁 场场 数数 值值 计计 算算任课教师：王泽忠Albe
16、rt Einstein(1879-1955)爱因斯坦爱因斯坦3/10/202313华北电力大学（北京）电力工程系高电压与电磁兼容研究所电电 磁磁 场场 数数 值值 计计 算算任课教师：王泽忠Albert Einstein(1879-1955),one of the great geniuses of physics,grew up in Munich where his father and his uncle had a small electrical plant and engineering works.Einsteins special theory of relativity,fi
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