最新中考英语语法专题复习 名词.pptx

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1、名 词,名词 专有名词（如：Tom、China、 the United States),可数名词,普通名词,物质名词(如： water水) 抽象名词(如:happiness),个体名词(如：teacher教师) 集体名词(如：police警察),不可数名词,名词的定义：表示人、事物、地方、现象及其他抽象概念名称的词。,一、专有名词1.表示人名 如：Jim Kate Li Lei Miss Gao2.表示地名:如: China USA England Beijing3.表示星期、月份等时间概念的名称，如： Sunday Monday Tuesday January February4.表示中外节

2、日： 国际性节日:New Year May Day Childrens Day Womens Day Teachers Day 中国节日: Spring Festival Mid-autumn Day National Day 西方节日: Christmas Day Easter(复活节）Fathers Day Mothers Day Saint Valentines Day(情人节)5. 机构或一些社会团体的名称，它们往往缩写,如: CCTV UN WTO PLA PRC,二、不可数名词,一、不可数名词 数量的表达法： 通过改变量词形式的方法来表示不可数名词的量,a bottle of wa

3、ter-two bottles of water a piece of bread-three pieces of bread,表示不可数名词量的相关词语还有：some,a lot of , much, a little , little, lots of,巩固练习: (1 )一茶杯茶 （2）一块冰 （3）一条面包 （4）五瓶橘汁 （5）一磅糖 （6）许多杯牛奶,二、既可做不可数名词，又可做可数名词的：,不可数名词 可数名词,paper 纸 a paper glass 玻璃 a glass iron 铁 a iron room 空间 a room chicken 鸡肉 a chicken be

4、auty 美 a beauty,一张报纸一个玻璃杯一个熨斗一个房间一只小鸡一个美人,cap-caps desk-desks,三、可数名词的复数形式,规则变化,A.绝大多数名词的复数形式在单数形式后加-S,B.以字母x、s 、ch、 sh 结尾的名词在其后加-es,bus-buses box-boxes,C.(1)以辅音字母+ y结尾的名词需把y 变为i再加-es storystories (2)以元音字母+ y结尾的名词在后面直接加-s daydays,D.以e结尾的名词加-S,Page-pagesRose-rosesPrize-prizes,PK time I,task- watch-dis

5、h-star-boy-stomach-class-,taskswatchesdishesstarsboysstomachesclasses,PK time I,baby house-countrypartytoy-exercise-mouth-,babies housescountriespartiestoys exercisesmouths,E.以-f 或-fe结尾的可数名词,先将 f 或fe 变成 v 再加-es,妻子 拿刀 去宰狼wife knife wolfwives knives wolves小偷吓得发了慌躲在架 后保 己 命半片树叶遮目光,thief-thieves,shelf-s

6、helves,lifelives,self-selves,half-halves,leaf-leaves,F.（1）以元音字母+o结尾的名词，以及某些以 o结尾的 外来词，变为复数时只加-S radioradios,（ 2）以辅音字母+o结尾的名词变为复数时多数加-es potato-potatoes hero-heroes tomatotomatoes 黑人 英雄 爱吃土豆 西红柿Negro hero potato tomato,PK time ,zoothiefpianoleafzerorooftomatohero,zoosthievespianosleaveszerosroofstoma

7、toesheroes,不规则变化,特殊变化：,单复同形,man policeman woman foot tooth mouse child ox ,sheep fish deer Chinese Japanese ,men,policemen,women,feet,teeth,mice,children,oxen,3. 表示“某国人”的名词，其变化有三种情况,a Japanese five Japanese ( e.g Chinese ),a Frenchman two Frenchmen ( e.g Englishman Englishwoman fisherman policeman F

8、renchwoman ),a German five Germans ( e.g Russian American Indian Italian Korean ),4. 常以复数形式出现的名词,trousers glasses clothes woods thanksnews goods politics socks physics,口诀：中日不变英法变，其余后面s站,5. 复合名词的复数形式,a. 将主体名词变为复数,e.g a boy student a flower shop an apple tree,b. 当名词的第一个构成部分为man, woman时，将2个构成部分均变为复数,e.

9、g a woman teacher a man nurse ,boy students,flower shops,apple trees,women teachers,men nurses,四、名词的所有格,Tom的书怎么表示答?房间的窗户?,Toms book.window of the room,Mikes bag,麦克的包男孩的小刀教师节儿童节妇女节,有生命名词,the boys knife,Teachers Day,Childrens Day,Womans Day,the legs of the chair,椅子腿房间里的桌子北京最好的公园今天的作业中国的城市2小时步行路程,无生命名词

10、,Beijings best park,todays homework,Chinas cities,the tables of the room,two hours walk,四、名词的所有格,有生命的名词,单数名词后加s,复数名词,以s结尾的名词只加,不以s结尾的仍加s,无生命的名词,用of,时间、国家、距离除外,有生命+ s ；以s结尾的+ 无生命用of 时间、国家、距离、城市除外,四、名词的所有格,1. 各自所有都加s; 多者共有s加后,e.g 珍妮和海伦的房间 珍妮的房间和海伦的房间,Jenny and Helens room,Jennys and Helens rooms,2. 表示

11、某人的家、店铺、诊所时，常省略所有格 后面的名词,e.g: at my uncles = at my uncles home at the butchers=at the butchers shop,双重所有格,我父亲的朋友中的一个a friend of my fathers,my teachers office,1 我老师的办公室2 学生们的练习本3 今天的报纸4 十五分钟的路程5 到汤姆家去,Practice,to Toms,15 minutes walk,todays newspaper,students exercise books,7 广东的省会8 教室的门9 我父亲的一个朋友10

12、他的两个兄弟11 他弟弟的一张照片(照片属于他弟弟)12 他弟弟的一张照片(照片里的人是他弟),the capital of Guangdong,the doors of the classroom,a friend of my father (s),two brothers of his,a picture of his brothers,a picture of his brother,主谓一致,当class, family, team, group, public 等集体名词做主语时，如果看成一个整体，动词就用单数;看成一个个具体成员时，就用复数。,e.g The class_ wait

13、ing for her. Toms family _ very big. Toms family _ film fans.,is,are,news, maths, politics 表示单数意义，动词用单数。,e.g The news _her very happy. Maths _ not easy for him.,is,are,makes,3.像goods, chopsticks, shoes, glasses,clothes trousers等表示复数含义的词，动词用复数。,e.g :The shoes _ hers.,但是: A pair of glasses _ on the ta

14、ble.Two pairs of glasses _ on the table.,is,are,are,police,people(人们),youth(青年们)只有单数形式，但表示复数意义，动词用复数。,e.g The police are gathering in the street. The Chinese people _ peace.,love,但是: people当“民族”，youth当“男青年”讲时，有单复数之分,He is a youth of 20.Many English-speaking peoples _ this book.,like,5.像deer、sheep等单复

15、同形的词，动词单复根据具体情况定,A deer is over there in the field. A group of deer _ over there in the field.,are,Are there any _ on the hill? Yes, there are some. A. house B. sheep C. animal D. horse2. You can put your schoolbags on _ desk. A. Lily and Lucy B. Lilys and Lucy C. Lily and Lucys D. Lilys and Lucys,3

16、. _ is always on December 25 every year. A. April Fools time B. Tree Planting Day C. Christmas Day D. New Years Day4. We havent any _ in the fridge. Lets go and buy some coke and orange juice. A. vegetables B. fruit C. drink D. food5. What always goes up but never comes down? -_. A. Age B. Water C.

17、Air D. Temperature,Look! Those three _(Englishman) are talking with three _(German).We can see a lot of _(sheep) at the foot of the hill, but we cant see any _(people) there.Now we can get much _(information) through the Internet.,Englishmen,Germans,sheep,people,information,4. Wheres your brother? -At _(Mr. Smith).5. Those _(woman teacher) are all very popular in that school.6. In the flood (洪水) many children lost their _(life).7. September 10th is _(teacher) Day.8. Lucy and Lily are good friends of _(her).,Mr. Smiths,women teachers,lives,Teachers,hers,