英语考试内容.docx

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1、一、短语翻译. Provinces 省份.Autonomous regions自治区.Municipalities directly under the central government 直辖市1 . Buddhist scriptures佛经. Ecosystems生态系统. Roof of the world 世界屋脊. The offspring of the dragon龙的传人2 . Zodiac animals 十二生肖.Chins character 汉字. Ethnic groups 民族. Bei j ing dialect匕京方言3 .Mandarin 普通话. Chi

2、nese character 汉字.thnic groups 民族.Bijing dialectW匕京方言16 . Mandarin 普通话.multiracial country 多民族的国家. buyerr s market 买方市场. stereo systems立体声音响系统17 .distinct flavor独特的口味.water villages south of the Yangtze River江南水乡. classical Chinese gardens 中国古典园林. Landscape painting 山水画18 .pastoral poetry 田园诗. carve

3、d beams and painted ridgepoles 雕梁圆栋6 . buddhism temple 佛教寺庙. homestead家园，农舍27 . lyric poet词人、 诗人.patriotic poet爱国诗人.patriotic sentiments爱国情感.banquet 宴席28 . iustrous color色彩鲜艳. earthenware陶苕称. disciples of Buddha 佛教徒. national style民族风格29 . a catch question 怪题. the summer solstice 夏至. The Olympic cha

4、rter 奥林匹克宪章.marriage customs 婚俗30 . wedlock wine 交杯酒. sedan-chair 轿子. Double Happiness双喜临门take into consideration every aspect of a patients condition to form a unified idea of it under the theories of yin and yang and the five elements before deciding on its treatment(2) meanwhile, an attention is

5、also paid to the season of the year; the environment, and living conditions of the patient.不仅病症决定其治疗前，考虑到患者的病情各方面的阴阳理论和五行下，形成了一个 统一的想法同时，注意的也支付给一年中的季节，环境，和病人的生活条件What concepts included in preventive measures?什么概念包含在预防措施？( P122 )Concepts included in preventive measures are giving early treatmentand d

6、eveloping immunities, or combating evil with evil”包括预防措施的概念是给早期治疗和开发豁免权，或“打击恶有恶报”26. What has attributed to longevity according to traditional Chinese medicine?传统医学中长寿归因于什么？ (P122)Longevity has been attributed to keeping an even temper, eating a balanced diet, exercising regularly and getting a good

7、 nights sleep.长寿被归因于保持均匀的脾气，均衡饮食，定期运动，并得到一个良好的夜间 睡眠。27. What is the most common medical system in china?在中国最普通的医疗是什么?（P122）Herbal medicine, along with acupuncture, is the most common medicalsystem in China.中草药，以及针灸，是中国最常见的医疗系统。28. What are the four ways of traditional doctors treat their patient?传统医

8、生的4种诊断病人的方法？(P123)The experience of traditional doctors in understanding, observing, analyzing and treating disease has been handed down mainly through medical literature.在理解传统的医生，观察，分析和治疗疾病的经验，一直流传下来主要是通过医 学文献How do Chinese medicine work best?中医何时起效？ (P123)for the relief of unpleasant symptomsfor s

9、ome long-term conditions that resist western medicines, such as migraine headaches, asthma and chronic backache.(1) while many of the herbs seem to work, remember that herbs are not miracle drugs.(2) Another benefit of Chinese medicine is that there are relative few side effects.(1)对不愉快的病症缓解(2)对于一些抗

10、拒西药，如偏头痛，哮喘和慢性背痛的长期条件。(3)而许多草药似乎工作，记住，草药是不是仙丹妙药。(4)中国医学的另一个好处是，有相对较少的副作用。29. What are the benefit of Chinese medicine?中药的好处是什么？（ P123 ）(1) for the relief of unpleasant symptoms(2) for some long-term conditions that resist western medicines,such as migraine headaches ,asthma and chronic backache(3) w

11、hile many of the herbs seem to work , remember that herbs are not miracle drugs(4) another benefit of Chinese medicine is that there are relative few side effects(1)缓解疼痛的病症(2)对于一些长期的病症，要抵抗西方药物，如偏头痛、哮喘和慢性背痛(3)虽然许多草药似乎有效，但记住中药是没有特效药的(4)中医的另一个好处是，有相对较少的副作用What complete theoretical system and unique eff

12、ective treatment had traditional chinesse medicine made?中药中完整的医疗体系和独特的有效治疗是什么？(P124) centering on Chinese herbal medicines supplemented by acupuncture and moxibustion , medical massage and qigong中国的治疗方法以中草药为主，针灸、推拿和气功为辅，已形成一整套理论体 系，有着独特的疗效What six necessary steps dose the traditional Chinese marriag

13、e involves?中国传统的婚俗的6步骤是什么?(P133)(1) matchmarking (2) engagement (3) betrothal presents(4) meeting the bride (5) three bows (6) drinking wedlock wine提亲订婚聘礼拜堂三鞠躬喝交杯酒To whom the new couple make three bows?新人的三鞠躬是什么？ (P134)first bow to heaven , earth and ancestorsSecondly to both parentsFinally to each

14、other一拜天地二拜高堂夫妻对拜What is a Chinese drama?中国戏剧是什么？ (P143)It is a comprehensive performing art with a unique from of its owncomprehension它是一个综合性的表演艺术的一个独特的从自己的理解What are the sources of Chinese drama?中国戏剧的来源是什么?(P143)It is an ingenious combination of elements from many sources: traditional Chinese musi

15、c , poetry , singing , recitation , dancing , acrobatics , and martial arts , all blended into one great theatrical art without a trace of affectation.它是从许多来源元素巧妙的结合：中国传统音乐，诗歌，唱歌，朗诵，舞蹈，杂 技，武术，所有混合成一个伟大的戏剧艺术没有做作的痕迹What are the four basica elements in Beijing opera performers?京剧的四大基本元素表演者？ (P144)Spoke

16、n parts, singing, dancing and acrobatics.口语局部，歌唱，舞蹈和杂技What is the requirment for the all-round top notch Beijing opera performent?一流京剧演员具备什么？ （P144）An all-round top-notch Beijing Opera performer; for instance, must be good-looking or attractive when appearing in make-up, of pleasing physical proport

17、ions, with a pair of expressive eyes and a rich variety of facial expressions.一个全方位的优质北京戏剧演员，例如，要好看或有吸引力，好的身体比例，一 副有表现力的眼睛和丰富的面部表情。30. What are the most used instruments in Beijing opera?京剧中最常用的仪器是什么？（P145）The wind, stringed and percussion instruments are all used in Beijing Opera music.风，弦乐器和打击乐器都用

18、在北京戏剧的音乐What are the main tunes in Beijing opera?京剧最主要的曲调是什么？ （P145）The music of Beijing Opera combines the er huang tune from Anhui Opera, the xipi tune from Hanju（Hubei Opera）, and tunes and musical accompaniment of Kinqu（Kunshar）Opera）. The xipi tune is usually used for expressing strong emotions

19、 while er huang is a proper tune for deep and sorrowful feeling.北京戏剧的音乐结合了安徽戏剧的二黄调，从汉剧西皮曲调（湖北戏剧），音乐 和昆曲音乐伴奏（昆山歌戏剧）。西皮曲调通常用于表达强烈情感而二黄是深和 悲凉的曲调。31. What are the four character roles in Beijing opera?京剧中的四大角色是什么？ (P145)Sheng refers to male roles. Xiao sheng wu sheng. Dan refers to female roles. Qingyi

20、is a woman with a strict moral code. Jing refers to the roles with painted faces. Chou,is a comic character and can be recognized at frist sight for his special make-up.生是男性的角色，有小生和武生。旦是女性的角色。青衣是一个女性是严格的角 色。净是画脸的角色。丑是一个漫画人物，可以在第一眼看见他的专业认可。32. What are the main reason for building the three gorgoes d

21、am?建三峡工程的主要原因？( P169 )Three gorgoes dam is to reduce flooding on the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River.(1) The second reason for building the dam is to produce hydroelectric power.(2) Building the Three Gorges Dam will improve shipping on the upper and middle reaches of Yangtze River.为了减

22、少对长江中下游的洪水；第二建设大坝可以产生水力发电；提高对长江上 游的航运What are the main inparts that three gorgoes project have on nowdays tourism?三峡工程对现今旅游业的影响？ (P170)Though a few old scenes will disappear, hundreds of new scenes will appear as the water rises.(1) The emphasise of Yangtze River tourism will undergo some change and

23、 the lines and itinerary will have more varieties.(2) people will not be troubled by the differences between upstream and downstream itineraries.(1) 一些好的景点将会消失，许多新的风景将会出现在水面上。(2)三峡工程旅游将发生一些路线变化。(3)人们不会发现上游和下游之间的差异。三.对话What are the six groups of Chinese characters?汉字有哪6种情况？(P16)Chinese linguists divi

24、de characters into six groups according to their composition.The first group is the pictogram, which is what most Westerners call to mind when they think of the Chinese characters.The second group, the ideograph represents its object in abstract terms.The third group, the compound ideogram is a comb

25、ination of two or more ideograms to denote an idea or object.The fourth group, the phonogram is a combination of a meaning element and a phonetic element.The other two groups are the phonetic loan and derivative character.中国的语言学家将汉字根据他们的构成分为了 6组。第一组是象形字，就是大局部西方人头脑里认为的汉子。第二组是指事字，对物体抽象的术语。第三种是会意字，两个或两

26、个以上的表意文字的组合。第四种是形声字，取与新字字意有关的字作为新字的一局部（是指意义的组合元 素和一个语音元素）。另外两种是假借字和转注字。1. How the principles of balance and harmony, Yin and Yang, areapplied in everyday life?阴和阳，怎么样协调和均衡原那么应用于每天？（P39）The dichotomy betweenfanandcaalso shows how the principles ofbalance and harmonyzYin and Yang, are applied in every

27、day life.Most vegetables and fruits are Yin foods, generally moist or soft, andare meant to have a cooling effect, nurturing the feminine aspect of our nature.Yang foodsfried, spicy or with red meatare warming andnourish the masculine side of our nature.Any meal should not only harmonize a variety o

28、f tastes, but alsoprovide a balance between cooling and warming foods.Historically, though, fan“has played a more important rolethancaione of the highest compliments that can be paid to a dish isthat it helps are ice go down.在“饭”和“菜”，也显示了如何平衡与和谐的原那么的二分法，阴和阳，是应用 于日常生活的。大局部的蔬菜和水果是阴的食物，一般潮湿或软，注定有冷却作 用，

29、培养我们的自然女性方面。阳的食物，油炸，辛辣的或与红肉一一正在变暖和滋养我们本性的男性的一面。 任何餐不仅要协调各种不同的口味，但也提供冷却和加热食物之间的平衡。从历史上看，虽然，“饭”发挥了比“菜”更重要的作用，一个可以支付最高的 赞美的一道菜是“有助于冰下去”Brief introduction of Huaiyang Dishes?谈谈对淮扬菜的看法(P41)(1) Huaiyang dishes mainly consist of Yangzhou,Zhenjiang and Huaian cuisine originated in water villages south of th

30、e Yangtze River.(2) Huaiyang dishes are characterized by the syrictness in material selection, the emphasis of cleanliness and freshness of its ingredients, as well as the fine workmanship in cutting, matching of taste are the features.(3) Lightness, freshness, sweetness, and mildness of taste are t

31、he features of these dishes, and special attention is paid to retaining the ingredient of natural juices and flavors.(4) Famous dishes are Stewed Crab with Clear Soup, Duck Triplet, Squirrel with Mandarin Fish Eel ( Long Boiled Dry Shredded Meat, Crystal Meat ), Explode-frying is used here, as well

32、as stir-frying and red-stew, in which meat is simmered slowly in dark soy bean sauce, sugar and spices.(1)淮阳菜主要是由扬州、镇江、淮安起源于江南水乡。(2)淮扬菜以其选料注意鲜活鲜嫩、制作精细、注意刀工、造型美观、赏心悦 目而闻名。(3)轻盈、清新、甜美和温和是它的特点，特别注意的是保持着天然的果汁成 分。(4)有许多著名的菜如清汤、三重鸭、松鼠桂鱼。爆炒用在这里、以及用旺火、 熬红，这肉是慢慢地放酱油、糖和香料。2. Can you say something about Chines

33、e tea?你可以谈谈中国茶吗？（P43）Black tea needs fermentation-often a natural sort of fermentation, which takes place when leaves are heaped together for some time,say,24 hours.Jasmine tea is a mixture of dried tealeaves and jasmine flowers, the ratio of the mixture of dried tea leaves and jasmine tea.Wulong ta

34、e, which is a half-fermented tea.Black tea due to its sheer compactness used to be a favorite of people living in remote areas.Whichever type it may be, the tea leaves come from the evergreen bushes in the Wily areas in China.红茶发酵一一通常需要发酵自然排序，这发生在当树叶堆在一起了一段时间，说, 24小时。茉莉花茶是干茶叶和茉莉花的混合物，该混合物的比例干茶叶茉莉花茶。

35、 乌龙茶，是一种半发酵茶。红茶由于其庞大的紧凑，曾经是一个喜欢居住在偏远地区的人。 无论哪一种类型，它可能是来自中国的茶叶，在丘陵地区的常绿灌木。3. The typical of feature tradition Chinese architecture?中国建筑设计的传统理念？（ P58）The post and lintel frame enjoyed great popularity due to its structural advantages, thus it became the base of ancient Chinese architecture.One of the

36、characteristics of the post and lintel frame is that beams and columns support the load.One of the advantages of the post and lintel frame is its resistance to earthquakes.43 .bank holidays 公休彳段. Bei j ing Opera 京居U. theatergoers 戏迷6 . facial painting 脸谱44 . to take a neutral stand 持中立态度. to take ab

37、 opposite stand 持反对态度9 .make honesty the policy以老实为本. agency 代理商50 . reliable carriers 可靠的合作者.peak periods 旺季. the thr gorges pro j ect 三峡工程.places of historical interests 历史名月生古迹51 . Chinese tea 中国茶. Chinese handicrafts中国手工制品. snuff bottles 鼻烟壶. the carving of ivory 象牙雕5 9. jade 玉雕. cloisonne wares

38、 produced 景泰蓝. lacquer ware 漆者导.porcelain 瓷器60 . silk products and embroidery 丝织品刺绣. clay figurines 泥人.public relations公共关系二、问题1. what climate zones does china lies?中国位于什么气候区(p4)Climate conditions ranging from tropical, subtropical, the temperate and cool-temperate vary greatly over Chinas vast land

39、 area, but thecountry for the most part lies in temperate zone.气候条件从热带、亚热带、温带和寒温带差异很大在中国广阔的土地面积，但这 个国家的大局部位于温带。2. In what area that china falls behind/The one technical area where china still falls behind.?Ancient Chinese architecture uses a variety of shapes: the square, rectangle, triangle.Ancient

40、 Chinese architecture is rich in color. Some colors contrast and some harmonize. The red walls and yellow tiles in other colors of the palace and temple, set off by green trees and blue sky, are gorgeous sights. The coat of colored oil paint in the ancient Chinese architecture developed out of a nee

41、d to protect the wood. It is a good example of the unity of utility and beautyAnother important element of ancient Chinese architecture is carved decorations. Carved beams and painted ridgepoles have a history of over 2000 years.抬梁式结构因其结构优点很受欢迎，因此它成为中国古代建筑的基础。一个抬梁 式结构的特点是，梁、柱的承载。一个抬梁式结构的优点是它的抗地震。使用各

42、种形状的中国古代建筑：正方形，长方形，三角形。中国古代建筑色彩丰富。一些颜色比照和协调。红色的墙和其他颜色的宫殿和寺 庙的黄色琉璃瓦，由绿色的树和蓝色的天空的衬托，是美丽的风景。彩色油画在 中国古代建筑开展的需要保护木材的外套。它是实用与美观的统一的一个很好的 例子How is body language categorized into? please give an example?肢体语言可以分为哪些类别？请举列？( P98)Body language, or NVC signals, are sometimes categorized into five kinds: (l)boby

43、and facial gestures;(2) eye contact;(3) body contact or proximity”;(4) clothing and physical appearance;(5) the quality of speech. I expect you understood all those, except perhaps proximity.” This simply means closeness”. In some cultures-and I am sure this is a cultural feature and not an individu

44、al one-it is quite normal for people to stand close together; or to more or less thrust their face into yours when they are talking to you. In other cultures, this is disliked; Americans, for instance, talk about invasion of their space.身体语言，或称NVC信号，有时分为五类：1.身体姿势和面部表情；2。眼睛接 触；3。身体接触或“接近”；4o服装和外表；语言特

45、点。我希望你明白所有这 些，也许除了 “接近二这就是“贴近”。在一些文化中，我相信这是一个文化特 征而不是一个人的人站在一起是很正常的，或多或少的推力在微笑时，你说话。 在其他文化中，这是令人讨厌的；美国人，例如，你侵犯了他们的私人空间。6. What are working methods and principles are used in public relation?公共关系中运用的方法原理是什么？(P158)(1) Making you known.(2) Change oneself in the interest of the public.(3) Support statem

46、ent with action.(4) Make honesty the policy.(5) Speak to the interests of the public.互相认识、在公众的兴趣下改变自己、用行动支持声明、诚信的政策、说公众的 利益How to deal with complaints?怎么样处理抱怨？ (P162)(1) Listen carefully with concern and courtesy. Never raise your voice.Never become impolite or show disinterest.(2) Be polite and, ex

47、cept when it is absolutely necessary, dont comment until the guest has finished.(3) Then, make a short, clear apology.(4) You should repeat the complaint. This is to make sure that you have fully understood the problem and that there are no misunderstandings.(5) Write down what the guest has said.(6

48、) you should decide who would deal with the complaint. If it is not a serious one, you can deal with it yourself. You should explain to the guest the action you plan to take and tell him when it will be done. If you decide that a manager should handle the complaint, you should first inform him/her and then arrange a meeting between him/her and the guest concerned.(1)仔细倾听，要关心和有礼貌。不要提高你的嗓音。不能无礼或者便显出不 感兴趣。(2)要有礼貌，除非是由必要的不然不要打断别人说话。(3)然后做一个简短的明确的抱歉。(4)你应该重复投诉。这是确定你有充分的理解问题，没有误会。(5)写下客人说的话(6)你应该决定由谁来处理这个投诉，如果不严重的话，自己处理。你应该向 客人解