小学英语语法复习汇总.pptx
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1、分类分类冠词名词代词形容词副词数词介词Can句型There be 句型动词时态第1页/共54页一、冠词1、基本用法:不定冠词仅用在单数可数名词前面,表示“一”的意义,但不强调数目观念,只表示名词为不特定者。定冠词则表示名词为特定者,表示“这”,“那”,“这些”,“那些”的意思,在可数的单复数名词或不可数名词前面都可以用。第一次提到某人或某物时,用不定冠词a或an,表示泛指。再次提到某人或某物时,用定冠词the,特指上文提到的人、事或物。如:Thereisapenandapencilinmypencil-case.Thepenisredandthepencilisblack.不定冠词:a,an
2、定冠词:the第2页/共54页2、A与an的用法区别:a用于辅音音素前(辅音音素指的是发音,不是指辅音字母),如:auniversitystudent而an则用于元音音素前(不是元音字母),如:anegg,anorange,anonion.1)i:sea 2)i sit 3)e bed 4)ae bad 5)a:car 6)hot,want 7):door 8)u:good 9)u look 10)cup 11):girl 12)Saturday 13)ei cake 14)ai bike 15)u cold 16)au house 17)i boy 18)i dear 19)care 20)
3、u tour第3页/共54页3、定冠词与零冠词的用法区别:在序数词和形容词的最高级前面用the,如:Thelibraryisonthefirstfloor.Summeristhehottestseasonoftheyear.在乐器名词前用the,表示演奏,如:playthepiano,playtheviolin,playtheguitar等。在球类、三餐前通常不用冠词,如:playfootball,playbaseball,eatlunch,eatdinner等。在月份、星期、季节等名词的前面通常不用冠词,如:inJan.,onMonday,insummer等。第4页/共54页Exercise
4、:1.Gilbert is _ Italian taxi driver.2.She is _ housewife.3.Im _ English.4.Hes _ American policeman.5.He likes _ book in his shelf.6.Robert is _ engineer.7.He is playing _ violin.8.He is playing _ football.9.Sophie is on _ second floor.10.She will come back on _ Monday.第5页/共54页二、名词可数名词和不可数名词变变化化规规则则例
5、例词词一般情况下在词尾加一般情况下在词尾加-sbook-bookspen-pens以以-s/-x/-ch/-sh结尾的名词结尾的名词在词尾加在词尾加-esbox-boxesbus-buses以辅音字母加以辅音字母加-y结尾的单词结尾的单词,要变要变y为为i,再加再加-esfamily-familiesbaby-babies(以元音字母加以元音字母加-y结尾的单词直接加结尾的单词直接加-s:boy-boyskey-keys)以以f或或fe结尾的词,多数把结尾的词,多数把f或或fe变为变为v,再加,再加esleaf-leavesknife-knives以以o结尾的词,有生命的加结尾的词,有生命的加
6、-es,无生命的加无生命的加-stomato-tomatoespotato-potatoeszoo-zoosphoto-photos名词复数形式的规则变化:名词复数形式的规则变化:第6页/共54页名词复数形式的特殊变化:名词复数形式的特殊变化:1.改变中间元音字母,改变中间元音字母,如:如:man-menwoman-womenfoot-feetgoose-geesetooth-teeth2.词尾发生变化,词尾发生变化,如:如:child-children3.单、复数形式相同,单、复数形式相同,如:如:fish-fish,sheep-sheep,deer-deer第7页/共54页名词所有格名词所
7、有格(1)表示有生命的人或物的名词所有格形式,一般用)表示有生命的人或物的名词所有格形式,一般用s表示。表示。一般在单数名词的词尾加一般在单数名词的词尾加s,如:,如:ChenJiesmother.以以s结尾的复数名词只加结尾的复数名词只加,不以,不以s结尾的复数名词要加结尾的复数名词要加s,如:如:ThestudentsbagsThechildrenspresents(2)表示几个人)表示几个人共有一样东西共有一样东西,只需在最后一个人名字后加,只需在最后一个人名字后加s,如果表示,如果表示各自所有各自所有,则需在各个名字后加,则需在各个名字后加s。如:如:JimandMikesroom(共
8、用共用)的房间的房间,JimsandMikesrooms(各各自自)的房间的房间(3)表示无生命的事物的所有格形式:名词)表示无生命的事物的所有格形式:名词+of+所有者,如:所有者,如:apictureofmyroom第8页/共54页写出下列各词的复数写出下列各词的复数I_him_this_her_child_photo_diary_day_foot_book_dress_tooth_sheep_box_peach_man_woman_paper_juice_water_milk_wethemthesetheirchildrenphotosfeetbooksdressesdiariesday
9、ssheepboxespeachesmenwomenjuicepapermilkwaterteethThis is _ class.(Amy 和 Mike的)They are _ classes.女人的裙子:_警察的的帽子:_第9页/共54页三、代词 格人称数主主 格格宾宾 格格单单数数第一人称Ime第二人称youyou第三人称hehimsheheritit复复数数第一人称weus第二人称youyou第三人称theythem人称代词人称代词人称代词人称代词物主代词物主代词指示代词指示代词Heistallerthanme.Herhairislongerthanmine.myhair第10页/共5
10、4页形容词性物主代词与名词性物主代词的区别:Herhairislongerthanmine.myhair有名则形,无名则名。如果名词前用了形容词性物主代词,就不能再用冠词(a,an,the)、指示代词(this,that,these,those)等修饰词了。例如:这是他的书桌。Thisishisdesk.第11页/共54页与形容词一起修饰名词时,形容词性物主代词要放在形容词的前面。如:his English books他的英语书,their Chinese friends他们的中国朋友。Itsabird.ItsnameisPolly.它是它是一只鸟。一只鸟。它的它的名字叫波利。名字叫波利。He
11、s a student.His mother is a teacher.第12页/共54页三、代词 格人称数主主 格格宾宾 格格形容词性形容词性物主代词物主代词名词性名词性物主代词物主代词单单数数第一人称Imemymine第二人称youyouyouryours第三人称hehimhishissheherherhersitititsits复复数数第一人称weusourours第二人称youyouyouryours第三人称theythemtheirtheirs物主代词物主代词第13页/共54页this/these指空间上较近的事物;指空间上较近的事物;that/those指空间上较远的事物。指空间上
12、较远的事物。指示代词指示代词第14页/共54页Exercise:从括号内选择正确的代词填空1.Yourfootballclothesareonthedesk.Pleaseput_(they,them,their,theirs)away.2.(We,Us,Our,Ours)_EnglishteacherisMrs.Green.Wealllike_(she,her,hers).3.(I,Me,My,Mine)_cantgetmykite.Couldyouhelp_(I,me,my,mine)?4.Tomcantgetdownfromthetree.Canyouhelp_(he,him,his)?5
13、.Wecantfindourbikes.Canyouhelp_(we,us,our,ours)?6._(This,these)are_(he,him,his)planes.Thewhiteonesare_(I,me,mine).第15页/共54页四、形容词和副词 1、形容词的比较级:、形容词的比较级:A+be动词动词+形容词比较级形容词比较级+than+B形容词比较级的变化规则:一般在词尾加-er,如:tall-taller,strong-stronger.以不发音的e结尾时加-r,如:fine-finer,late-later.以辅音字母加-y结尾时,先改y为i再加-er,如:funny-f
14、unnier,heavy-heavier.以重读闭音节结尾并且词末只有一个辅音字母时,双写最后的字母再加-er,如:big-bigger,thin-thinner,hot-hotterYou are taller than your mother.第16页/共54页2.副词可以分为:副词可以分为:时间副词,如时间副词,如:now,yesterday,today等;等;频度副词,如频度副词,如:often,usually,never,sometimes,always等;等;程度副词,如程度副词,如:very,too,much,so等。等。Yesterday,the day before yest
15、erday,3 days ago,last Monday,last weekend,last night,last month,last year,just now,on my holiday,yesterdaymorning/afternoon/evening/.第17页/共54页1.Mybrotheristwoyears_(old)thanme.2.Tomisas_(fat)asJim.3.Isyoursister_(young)thanyou?Yes,sheis.4.Whois_(thin),youorHelen?5.Maryshairisas_(long)asLucys.7.Ben_(
16、jump)_(high)thansomeoftheboysinhisclass.6.Myeyesare_(big)than_(she).7.Whichis_(heavy),theelephantorthepig?8.Whogetsup_(early),TimorTom?第18页/共54页基数词:表示数目(多少)的数词。OneTwo ThreeFourFive SixSevenEightNineTen ElevenTwelveThirteenFourteenFifteenSixteenSeventeenEighteenNineteen Twenty Twenty-oneTwenty-twoThi
17、rtyFortyFiftySixtySeventyEightyNinety A hundred 年龄和时间的表达用基数词。五、数词第19页/共54页Learn these numbers and find out the rules:一起找规律1stfirst2ndsecond3rdthird4thfourth5th6th7th8theighth9thninth10thfifthsixthseventhtenth11theleventh12thtwelfth13th14th15th16th17th18th19th20thtwentieththirteenthfourteenthfifteent
18、hsixteenthseventeentheighteenthnineteenth21sttwenty-first22ndtwenty-second23rdtwenty-third24th25th26th27th28th29th30ththirtieth31stthirty-firsttwenty-fourthtwenty-fifthtwenty-sixthtwenty-seventhtwenty-eighthtwenty-ninth注意:序数词在使用时,通常前面要加定冠词the。日期用序数词表示,前面可加the,也可以省略。第20页/共54页基变序,有规律,基变序,有规律,一、二、三单独记。
19、一、二、三单独记。-th,th,四加起四加起,八去八去t t来、来、九去九去 e e。遇到遇到ve,f ve,f 替替,-,-tyty变为变为 tietie,后跟后跟thth莫迟疑。莫迟疑。若想表示几十几,若想表示几十几,只变个位就可以。只变个位就可以。第21页/共54页1、把下列基数词变为序数词。two_ three_ nine_ twelve_ twenty_ eight_five_ thirty-one_secondthirdninthtwelfthtwentietheighth2、按要求变换句子。1、My birthday is on August fourth(对划线部分提问)is
20、birthday?2、Nick is thirteen(提问)_ _ is Nick?3、My birthday is on January 10th.(一般疑问句并做否定回答)_ _ birthday on January 10th?No,_ _WhenyourHow oldIs yourfifththirty-firstit isnt能力训练能力训练第22页/共54页日期/时间MondayTuesdayWednesdayThursday序数词:SundayFridaySaturday1st2nd3rd4th5th6th7thaweekMonth?第23页/共54页Say the month
21、sJanuarydnjuriFebruaryfebruriMarchm:tAprileiprlMaymeiJunedu:n写出下列月份的简写:第24页/共54页Julydu:laiAugust:gstSeptemberseptembOctoberktubNovembernuvembDecemberdisemb第25页/共54页1.Spring Festival(春节)is in _ or _.2.Tree Planting Day(植树节)is in _.3.Mothers Day is in _.4.National Day(国庆节)is in _.5.Teachers Day is in
22、_.January FebruaryMarch MayOctober September Christmas Day(圣诞节)is in _.April Fools Day(愚人节)is in _.Childrens Day(儿童节)is in _.Students have summer holiday(暑假)in _ and _.Thanksgiving(感恩节)is in _.December April June JuneJuly November 第26页/共54页2、年月日的表达、年月日的表达句型:句型:Whenisyourbirthday/NewYearsDay/?Whatsth
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