PEP小学英语小升初必考知识点归纳.pdf
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1、1 PEP 小学英语小升初知识点归纳一:学生易错词汇1. a, an的选择: 元音字母开头的单词用an,辅音字母开头的单词用a. 2. am , is , are的选择 : 单数用 is , 复数用 are. I 用 am , you 用 are. 3. have , has 的选择 : 表示某人有某物。单数用has , 复数用 have. I , you 用have . 4. there is, there are 的选择:表示某地有某物,某人。单数用there is , 复数用there are. 5. some, any 的选择:肯定句用 some, 疑问句和否定句用any. 6. 疑问
2、词的选择 :what (什么) who (谁) where (哪里) whose (谁的) why (为什么)when(什么时候)which(哪一个) how old (多大) how many (多少) how much(多少钱)二:形容词比较级详解当我们需要对事物作出比较时,需要用到比较级。比较级的句子结构通常是:什么 + 动词 be (am , is , are ) + 形容词比较级+ than(比) + 什么 ,如:I m taller and heavier than you. (我比你更高和更重。 )An elephant is bigger than a tiger. (一只大象
3、比一只老虎更大。 )形容词的比较级是在形容词的基础上变化而来的,它的变化规则是: 一般的直接在词尾加er ,如 tall - taller , strong - stronger , 以 e 结尾的,直接加 r ,如 fine finer , 以辅音字母加 y 结尾的,先改 y 为 i 再加 er,如 funny - funnier 2 双写最后的字母再加er,如 big bigger, thin thinner ,hot hotter 注意比较的两者应该是互相对应的可比较的东西。典型错误: My hair is longer than you.(我的头发比你更长。)比较的两者是我的头发、你(
4、整个人) ,那么比较的对象就没有可比性。应该改为: My hair is longer than yours. 或 My hair is longer than your hair. 比较级专项练习 : 一、从方框中选出合适的单词完成句子heavy tall long big(1) How is the Yellow River? (2) How is Mr Green? Hes 175cm.(3) How are your feet? I wear size 18. (4)How is the fish? Its 2kg.二、根据句意写出所缺的单词(1) Im 12 years old. Y
5、oure 14. Im than you. (2) A rabbits tail is than a monkeys tail.(3) An elephant is than a pig. (4) A lake is than a sea. (5) A basketball is than a football. 三、根据中文完成句子 . (1) 我比我的弟弟大三岁 . I m than my brother. (2) 这棵树要比那棵树高 . This tree than that one. (3) 你比他矮四厘米 . You are than he. (4) 谁比你重 ? than you?
6、3 四、根据答句写出问句(1) I m 160 cm.(2) I m 12 years old.(4) Amy s hair is 30 cm long.三:动词过去式详解动词的过去式的构成规则有:、规则动词一般直接在动词的后面加ed:如worked , learned , cleaned , visited 以 e结尾的动词直接加d:如lived , danced , used 以辅音字母加 y 结尾的动词要改 y 为 i 再加 ed (此类动词较少)如study studied carry carried worry worried (注意 play、stay不是辅音字母加y,所以不属于此
7、类)双写最后一个字母(此类动词较少)如stopped 、不规则动词(此类词并无规则,须熟记)小学阶段要记住以下动词的原形和过去式:sing sang , eat ate , see saw , have had , do did , go went , take took , buy bought , get got , read read ,fly flew , am/is was , are were , say said , leave left , swim swam , tell told , draw drew , come came , lose lost , find foun
8、d , drink drank , hurt hurt , feel felt 四:动词现在分词详解动词的 ing 形式的构成规则:一般的直接在后面加上ing , 如 doing , going , working , singing , eating 4 以 e 结尾的动词,要先去e 再加 ing,如 having , writing 双写最后一个字母的 (此类动词极少) 有:running , swimming , sitting , getting 五:人称和数人称代词物主代词主格宾格第一人称单数I(我)me my(我的)复数we(我们)us our(我们的)第二人称单数you(你)yo
9、u your(你的)复数you(你们)you your(你们的)第三人称单数he(他)him his(他的)she(她)her her(她的)it(它)it its(它的)复数they(他们/她们/它们) them their(他们的 /她们的/它们六:句型专项归类1、 肯定句:是指用肯定的语气来陈述的句子,如:I m a student. She is a doctor. He works in a hospital. There are four fans in our classroom. He will eat lunch at 12:00. I watched TV yesterda
10、y evening. 2、 否定句 : 含有否定词或表示否定意义词的句子,如:I m not a student. She is not (isnt) a doctor. 5 He does not (doesnt) work in a hospital. There are not (aren t) four fans in our classroom. He will not (wont) eat lunch at 12:00.I did not (didnt) watch TV yesterday evening. 注意小结:否定句主要是在肯定句的基础上加上了否定词“not ”。有动词
11、be的句子则 “not”加在 be后面,可缩写成 “isn t,arent ”,但 am not 一般都分开写。没有动词 be 的句子则要先在主要动词的前面加上一个助动词(do,does ,did) ,然后在它后面加上 “not”, 你也可以把它们缩写在一起如“dont , doesnt , didnt ) 。这三个助动词要根据人称和时态来选择,其中“does”只用于一般现在时主语是第三人称单数的情况, 而“did ”只用于一般过去时, 不论主语是什么人称和数, 都用“did ” 。3、一般疑问句 :是指询问事实的句子,此类句子必须用“yes”,或“no”来回答。如:Are you a stu
12、dent? Yes, I am / No, Im not. Is she a doctor? Yes, she is. / No, she isnt. Does he work in a hospital? Yes, he does. / No, he doesnt. Are there four fans in our classroom? Yes, there are. / No, there arent. Are you going to buy a comic book tonight? Yes, I am. / No, I am not. (Yes, we are. / No, we
13、 arent.)Will he eat lunch at 12:00? Yes, I will . / No, I will not(won t). Are they swimming? Yes, they are. / No, they arent.Did you watch TV yesterday evening? Yes, I did. / No, I did nt.注意小结:一般疑问句是在肯定句的基础上,6 把动词 be 调到首位,其他照写,末尾标点符号变成问号即可。没有动词 be 的句子则要在句首加上一个助动词(do,does ,did)再把紧跟在后面的动词变回原形,末尾标点符号变
14、成问号即可。这三个助动词也要根据人称和时态来选择,其中“does”只用于一般现在时主语是第三人称单数的情况, 而“did ”只用于一般过去时, 不论主语是什么人称和数, 都用“did ” 。一般疑问句有个重要的原则就是问和答要一致,即问句里的第一个单词(助动词)和简略答句里的这个词是一致的。4、特殊疑问句 :以特殊疑问词( what , where , who , which , when , whose , why , how 等)开头引导的句子。此类句子应该问什么就答什么,不能用“yes 、no” 来回答。如:What is this? It s a computer.What does
15、he do? Hes a doctor.Where are you going? I m going to Beijing.Who played football with you yesterday afternoon? Mike. Which season do you like best? Summer. When do you usually get up? I usually get up at 6:30. Whose skirt is this? It s Amys.Why do you like spring best? Because I can plant trees. Ho
16、w are you? I m fine. / Im happy.How did you go to Xinjiang? I went to Xinjiang by train. 其中 how 又可以和其他一些形容词连用组成特殊疑问词组用来提问,如: how many(多少(数量)), 7 how much (多少 (钱)) , how tall (多高), how long (多长), how big (多大), how heavy(多重)例句: How many pencils do you have? I have three pencils. How many girls can you
17、 see? I can see four girls. How many desks are there in your classroom? There are 51. 小结:how many 用来提问可数名词的数量,主要有以上三种句式搭配,How many + 名词复数+ do you have? 你有多少 ?How many + 名词复数+ can you see? 你能看见多少 ?How many + 名词复数+ are there? 有多少 ?七:完全、缩略形式 : I m=I am hes=he is shes=she is they re=they are youre=you a
18、re there s=there is they re=they are cant=can not dont=do not doesnt=does not isn t=is not aren t=are not let s=let us wont=will not I ll=I will wasnt=was not总结:通常情况下,m 即 am, s 即 is (但 let s=let us) , re 即 are , nt 即 not (但cant=can not)八:与字母相关的题型( 注:五个元音字母是Aa Ee Ii Oo Uu ) 一.将所给字母的大小写写在四线格上Hh Rr Xx
19、Gg Mm Uu Zz Ff Qq Ii 二.写出下列字母的左邻右舍。1.( ) Hh ( ) 2.( ) Bb ( ) 3.( ) Ll ( ) 4.( ) Rr ( ) 5.( ) Qq ( ) 8 6.( ) Ww ( ) 三.用小写字母抄写下列单词。1.ROOM( ) 2.UNDER( ) 3.PLEASE( ) 4.PICTURE( ) 5.WHERE( ) 6.TWINS( ) 7.EXCUSE( ) 8.HOW( ) 9.CAKE( ) 10.SMALL( ) 三.将全是元音字母的那一组圈起来1. a c e 2. i e o 3. v u k 4. e u I 5. J B I
20、 6. E T V 7. E I O 8. A U E 四.写出与所给单词发音相同的字母(大小写)。1.bee ( ) 2.sea ( ) 3.tea ( ) 4.are ( ) 5.why ( ) 6.you ( ) 九:pep 小学英语词汇不完全归类表学习用品 (school things):pen 钢笔 pencil 铅笔pencil-case铅笔盒ruler 尺子book 书bag 包comic book 漫画书post card 明信片newspaper报纸schoolbag 书包eraser橡皮crayon 蜡笔sharpener卷笔刀story-book 故事书notebook
21、笔记本Chinese book 语 文 书English book 英 语 书math book 数 学 书magazine 杂 志dictionary 词典人体( body) :foot 脚head头face 脸hair 头发nose鼻子mouth 嘴eye眼睛ear耳朵arm 手臂hand手finger 手指leg腿tail 尾巴颜色( colours) :9 red 红blue 蓝yellow 黄green绿white 白black 黑pink 粉红purple 紫orange橙 brown 棕动物( animals) :cat 猫dog 狗pig 猪duck 鸭rabbit 兔hors
22、e 马elephant大象ant 蚂蚁fish 鱼bird 鸟eagle 鹰beaver 海狸snake 蛇mouse老鼠squirrel 松鼠kangaroo袋鼠monkey 猴panda熊猫bear熊lion 狮子tiger 老虎fox 狐狸zebra斑马deer鹿giraffe 长颈鹿goose鹅hen母鸡turkey火鸡lamb小羊sheep绵羊goat 山羊cow 奶牛donkey 驴squid 鱿鱼lobster 龙虾shark鲨鱼 seal海豹 sperm whale抹香鲸 killer whale 虎鲸人物( people) :friend 朋友boy 男孩girl 女孩mot
23、her母亲father 父亲sister姐妹brother兄弟uncle 叔叔;舅舅man 男人woman 女人Mr.先生Miss 小姐lady女 士 ; 小姐mom 妈 妈dad 爸 爸parents 父 母grandparents 祖 父 母grandma/grandmother(外) 祖母grandpa/grandfather(外) 祖父aunt姑姑cousin堂(表)兄弟;堂(表)姐妹son 儿子daughter 女儿baby 婴儿kid 小孩classmate 同学queen 女王visitor 参观者neighbour 邻居principal 校长university studen
24、t 大学生pen pal笔友tourist 旅行者people人物robot机器人职业( jobs) :teacher教师student 学生doctor 医生nurse 护士driver 司机farmer 农民singer 歌唱家writer 作家actor 男演员actress 女演员artist 画家TV reporter 电视台记者engineer 工程师accountant 会计policeman(男)警察10 salesperson 销售员cleaner清洁工baseball player棒球运动员assistant售货员police 警察食品、饮料( food & drink )
25、 :rice 米饭bread面包beef牛肉milk 牛奶water水egg蛋fish 鱼tofu 豆腐cake蛋糕hot dog热狗hamburger汉堡包French fries炸薯条cookie 曲奇biscuit 饼干jam 果酱noodles 面条meat 肉chicken 鸡肉pork 猪肉mutton 羊肉vegetable 蔬菜salad 沙拉soup 汤ice 冰ice-cream 冰淇淋Coke 可乐juice 果汁tea 茶coffee 咖啡breakfast 早餐lunch 午餐dinner/supper晚餐meal一餐水果、蔬菜 (fruit & vegetables
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