【课件】Unit 1 Reading and Thinking课件-2021-2022学年高中英语人教版（2019）选择性必修第二册.pptx

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1、Unit 1Unit 1Unit 1Unit 1SCIENCE AND SCIENTISTSSCIENCE AND SCIENTISTSSCIENCE AND SCIENTISTSSCIENCE AND SCIENTISTSIn this class,you will1.get information about how John Snow defeated cholera;2.summarize the stages of scientific research;3.talk about the significance and contribution of Johns work.What

2、 is cholera?Cholera is an infectious disease that causes severe watery diarrhea(腹泻腹泻),which can lead to dehydration(脱水脱水)and even death if untreated.It is caused by eating food or drinking water containing a bacterium called Vibrio cholerae.Common locations include parts of Africa,south Asia,and Lat

3、in America.Who was John Snow?How did John Snow defeat King Cholera?What is King Cholera?Activity 1:Read the title and predict.What does“King”imply in the title?Cholera is powerful and hard to cure.a British doctor.one of the most feared diseases and millions of people died from it in the early 19th

4、century.He conducted research and found out how cholera spread.Activity 2:Read the passage again and find the main information in each paragraph on how John Snow defeated King cholera.P1:Cholera hit Europe in the early 19th century and John Snow showed how it could be overcome.P2:John Snow found a p

5、roblem.P3:John Snow conducted research to stop the disease.adj.manyP4:John found the truth about cholera.P5:John contributed a lot to how to prevent cholera and how to study diseases.n.流行病流行病学学v.changeSummaryPara.1:Cholera hit Europe in the early 19th century and John Snow showed how it could be ove

6、rcome.Para.2:John Snow found a problem.Para 3:John Snow conducted research to stop the disease.Para.4:John found the truth about cholera.Para.5:John contributed a lot to how to prevent cholera and how to study diseases.Summary of how John Snow defeated King cholera._draw a conclusion _draw a conclus

7、ion _analyse the results _analyse the results _ask a question_ask a question_find supporting evidence _find supporting evidence _collect data _collect data _find a problem _find a problem _think of a method_think of a methodActivity 3:Try to put the following stages of scientific research in order.d

8、raw a conclusionthink of a methodask a questionfind a problemanalyse the results7 stages of scientific researches in right orderActivity 3:Try to put the following stages of scientific research in order.collect datafind supporting evidence7 stages of scientific researches in right orderPara.2:In gen

9、eral,doctors in those days had two contradictory theories to explain how cholera spread.One theory was that bad air caused the disease.Another was that cholera was caused by an infection from germs in food or water.Snow subscribed to the second theory.draw a conclusionthink of a methodask a question

10、find a problemanalyse the resultscollect datafind supporting evidence1th stageFind the details from the text about each scientific stage.Theory one:caused by the bad airTheory two:caused by germs in food and water More proof is neededMore proof is neededMore proof is neededMore proof is neededTheory

11、 is based on practice.Theory is based on practice.Theory is based on practice.Theory is based on practice.Two Theories Two Theories subscribe toHe was determined to find out why.He was determined to find out why.He was determined to find out why.He was determined to find out why.7 stages of scientif

12、ic researches in right orderPara.2:In general,doctors in those days had two contradictory theories to explain how cholera spread.He discovered that in two particular streets the cholera outbreak was so severe that more than 500 people died in ten days.He was determined to find out why.draw a conclus

13、ionthink of a methodask a questionfind a problemanalyse the resultscollect datafind supporting evidence2th stageThe question is?The question is?7 stages of scientific researches in right orderPara.3:Snow began by marking on a map the exact places where all those who died had lived.There were multipl

14、e deaths near the water pump in Broad Street(especially house numbers 16,37,38,and 40).draw a conclusionthink of a methodask a questionfind a problemanalyse the resultscollect datafind supporting evidence3th stageA map of Broad Street-”Cholera A map of Broad Street-”Cholera Map”Map”What method did S

15、now use?Read the map.1)Which houses had more than 4 deaths in Broad Street?2)Which houses had no death in Broad Street?Multiple deaths happened here.No death happened here.He suspected that the water from the pump was to blame.Evidence7 stages of scientific researches in right orderPara.3:Snow began

16、 by marking on a map There were multiple deaths near the water pump in Broad Street(especially house numbers 16,37,38,and 40).However,some households(such as 20 and 21 Broad Street,and 8 and 9 Cambridge Street)had had no deaths.draw a conclusionthink of a methodask a questionfind a problemanalyse th

17、e resultscollect datafind supporting evidence4th stage7 stages of scientific researches in right orderdraw a conclusionthink of a methodask a questionfind a problemanalyse the resultscollect datafind supporting evidencePara.3:Snow began by marking on a map There were multiple deaths near the water p

18、ump in Broad Street(especially house numbers 16,37,38,and 40).However,some households(such as 20 and 21 Broad Street,and 8 and 9 Cambridge Street)had had no deaths.5th stageThe result The result showed that.showed that.7 stages of scientific researches in right orderdraw a conclusionthink of a metho

19、dask a questionfind a problemanalyse the resultscollect datafind supporting evidence6th stagePara.3:Snow began by marking on a map Whats more,in another part of London,a woman and her daughter had died of cholera after moving away from Broad Street.It seemed that the woman liked the water from the p

20、ump so much that she had it delivered to her house every day.The supporting The supporting The supporting The supporting evidence was evidence was evidence was evidence was that.that.that.that.Para.3:Snow began by marking on a map As a result of this evidence,John Snow was able to announce that the

21、pump water carried cholera germs.Accordingly,he had the handle of the pump removed so that it could not be used.Through this intervention,the disease was stopped in its tracks.7 stages of scientific researches in right orderdraw a conclusionthink of a methodask a questionfind a problemanalyse the re

22、sultscollect datafind supporting evidence7th stageWe can come to a We can come to a We can come to a We can come to a conclusion that.conclusion that.conclusion that.conclusion that.It was believed that cholera was caused by bad _ or germs in _.Snow _ the places where the people who _ had lived.Many

23、 deaths occurred near the _ in Broad Street.Some people _ drunk the water from the pump,and lived.A woman and her daughter died in another part of London after _.The pump water carried _.The _ of the pump was removed.airfood or watermarked on the mapdiedwater pumphadntdrinking watercholera germshand

24、leA.C.B.D.E.from the pumpActivity4.Read Para 2 and 3 carefully,complete the chart.theoriesprocessevidenceevidenceevidenceconclusionsolution1.Q:What _?A:Snow thought that cholera was caused by germs in food or water.2.Q:Why _?A:Snow had the handle of the pump removed so that it could not be used.3.Q:

25、How _?A:The cholera threat was defeated thanks to the work of John Snow.caused cholera according to Snowdid Snow have the handle of the pump removedwas the cholera threat defeatedActivity5:Ask and answer.Read Para 4-5 and raise the questionsThe Father of Modern EpidemiologyThe Father of Modern Epide

26、miologyWater companies sold water from the River Thames that was polluted by Water companies sold water from the River Thames that was polluted by raw waste,causing people who drank this water to get cholera.raw waste,causing people who drank this water to get cholera.1)Water companies began to sell

27、 clean water.2)The threat of cholera around the world decreased.3)He helped people know how to prevnt cholera.4)Snow transformed the way scientists study diseases.2.What contributions did John Snow make?1.What caused the outbreak of cholera in London in 1854?1.What caused the outbreak of cholera in

28、London in 1854?2.Was cholera destroyed completely?3.How can we prevent cholera?.He used maps and statistics to analyse where the deaths occurred.He didnt use a microscope.He didnt test the water,nor did he draw blood or examine patients.The reason was that medical science was not so advanced at that

29、 time.Further Further thinking:thinking:What was the most important tool Snow used to defeat cholera?What common medical tools,e.g.,a microscope,didnt he use?Why?lSnows work has provided readily available clean water to drink and an emphasis on hygiene，such as the need to wash hands.lHe also showed

30、how to prevent cholera epidemics,and transformed the way scientists study diseases,which has allowed for more protection from once common diseases such as cholera.Further thinking:Further thinking:How has John Snows work affected our daily lives?Para.5:Through Snows tireless efforts,water companies

31、began to sell clean water,and the threat of cholera around the world saw a substantial decrease.Moreover,in his use of maps and statistics,Snow transformed the way scientists study diseases.For this reason Discover artemisnin to treat malaria,awarded the Nobel PrizeFather of hybrid ricekeep people a

32、way from hungerDespite the danger of infection,devote to the research of COVID-19Further thinking:Further thinking:The Father of Modern EpidemiologyWhat qualities and scientific spirits do they have in common?lstrong sense of social responsibilitystrong sense of social responsibilitylprofessional kn

33、owledgeprofessional knowledgelleadshipleadshipDiscussionltheretical backgroundtheretical backgroundlcritical thinkingcritical thinkinglcreativitycreativitylquestioning mindquestioning mindllogical reasoninglogical reasoninglresearch methodsresearch methodslstatistical abilitystatistical abilityldeterminationdeterminationlinspirationinspirationldevotiondevotionHomeworkWhy was it John Snow,not other doctors,who defeated King Cholera?Write about your opinion by using the information from the passage.