中考英语语法大全(好)(共24页).doc

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1、精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上中考英语语法讲解资料及练习目录第1讲：名词 2-3 第2讲：代词 3-4第3讲：形容词 4-5第4讲：副词 5-7第5讲：动词 7-8第6讲：不定式 8-9第7讲 介词 9-10第8讲：连词 10-11第9讲：时态一 11-12第10讲：时态 (二) 12-13第11讲：动词语态 14第12讲：句子种类（一） 14-16第13讲：句子的种类(二) 16-17第14讲：宾语从句 17-18第15讲：状语从句 18-19第16讲：考前指导 19-20第17讲：There be句型与中考试题 20-22第18讲 ：被动语态复习 ABC 22-24第1讲：名词First, 名

2、词复数的特殊变化。 普通名词的复数我们知道是直接加-s或 -es，可是偏偏有一些名词不听话，变化不规则。这些小调皮是： a. class, box, watch, brush等词以 s, x, ch, sh, 结尾，复数要加-es； b. story, factory 等以辅音字母+y结尾的词复数要先将-y 变成-i再加-es； c. knife, wife, life等以-f 或-fe结尾的词一般先将-f或-fe变为-v, 再加-es； d. 以-o结尾的名词，一般来说，末尾是元音字母+o 的词加-s，我们学过的有radio,zoo。末尾是辅音字母+o的词，变复数加-es。如：tomato,

3、 hero, potato，当然其中的piano 和photo，又是一个例外，他们的结尾只能加-s。 e. child（children）, foot（feet）, tooth（teeth）, mouse（mice）, man（men ）, woman（women ）等词的复数变化全不遵循规则。 注意：与 man 和 woman构成的合成词，其复数形式也是 -men 和-women。如：an Englishman，two Englishmen. 但German不是合成词，故复数形式为 Germans；f. deer，sheep等词更是懒得可以，竟然单复数同形。好记好记。 people，poli

4、ce，cattle 等词，以单数形式出现，但实为复数，所以它们的谓语当然也是复数形式，这就是集体名词。the English，the French，the Chinese等名词表示国民总称时，也作复数用。 注意：maths，politics，physics等学科名词,虽然以-s结尾，仍为不可数名词。还有theUnited States(美国），the United Nations（联合国）等应视为单数。 别奇怪，名词有时也可以作定语的。它作定语时一般用单数，但也有以下例外。 a. man, woman等作定语时，它的单复数以其所修饰的名词的单复数而定。如：menworkers， women t

5、eachers。 b. 数词+名词作定语时，这个名词一般保留单数形式,中间加连字符。如：a ten-mile walk十里路，two-hundred trees 两百棵树。 名词所有格： 表示“的”通常是在名词的后面加-s，如：Childrens day，fathers shoes。但以-s结尾的名词因为已经有s了，只需加 就OK了。如果两个名词并列，并且分别有s，.则表示“分别有”。.如：Johns and Marys room（约翰和玛丽各有一间，共两间）；两个名词并列，只有一个s，则表示共有。如：John and Marys room（约翰和玛丽共有一间）。还有些无生命名词的所属要用介词

6、of来帮助一下，如：a map of China，the end of this term。 练习： 1. All the _teachers and_students are having a meeting there. A. women girls B. women girl C. womangirls D. womangirl 2. Mr Black is a friend of _. A. Jacks aunts B. Jacks aunt C. Jack aunts D. aunts of Jack 3. This toy was made by a _ boy. A. ten-y

7、ear-old B. ten-years-old C. ten-year-older D.ten-years-older 4. The farmer raised ten _. A. sheeps B. deers C. horse D. cows 5. She looked at us sadly with her eyes as large as_. A. her grandmother B. her grandmothers C. her grandmothers D. that of her grandmother 6. We have moved into a _. A. two-

8、storey house B. house of two storey C. two-storeys house D. two storeys house 7. The _ was too much for the child to carry. A. boxs steel B. box of a steel C. steel box D. box of the steel 8. Well give our English teacher a card for _. A. the Teachers Day B. Teachers Day C. a Teachers Day D. Teacher

9、s Day 9. Li Ping met an old friend of _on a train yesterday. A. he B. him C. his D. her 10. _are big and bright. A. The classroom window B. The window of the classroom C. The windows of the classroom D. The classrooms windows 第2讲：代词 代词。它与名词的作用其实很相似，所担当的句中成分也相差不多。代词中第一个“小个性”就是物主代词。像my和mine这两个小冤家总是让人分

10、不清谁是谁。但你只要记住它们最重要的区别my的后面一定要接名词，不可以单独出现，只能做定语，如：my father；而 mine则是名词性，只能单独出现，在句中做主语和表语。如：Mine is green. Its mine. 记住这两个句子，凡是名词性物主代词（yours, hers, his, its, ours, theirs）就都可以放在mine的位置上了。这样，通过它们出现的位置不同，我们就可以把它们区别开了。 代词的第二个“罗嗦”就是它有一个小跟班self(selves)反身代词，也就是表示“自己、亲自”的意思。关于反身代词，需要注意的是她不能单独做主语，但可以放在人称代词后面，做

11、同位语。如：Marry herself said so. 玛丽她自己这么说的。（不能说Herself said so.）下面我给你开点小灶，单独讲一讲须“特特”注意的地方。 Of+名词性物主代词：of +物主代词构成双重所有格。公式为：a（an, this, that ）+名词+of +名词性物主代词。牢记公式，举一反三。因为物主代词不可与 a, an, this, that, these, those, some, any, no, each,every, such, another等词一起前置，修饰一个名词，而必须用双重所有格。如： a friend of mine（我的一个朋友），eac

12、h brother of his（他的每一个兄弟）. some, any的用法：我们都知道some用于肯定句中，而any则用于否定句和疑问句中。 所以somebody，someone也用于肯定句中，而anybody、anyone则用于否定和疑问句中。 注意：在Would youlike some coffee?（要来点咖啡吗？）这样的肯定疑问句中，说话人认为对方的答案会是肯定的，或期望得到肯定回答时，用some而不用any。 every 和each的用法：every 强调全体的概念，指三个以上的人或物(含三个)，不可单独使用；each强调个体概念。指两个以上的人或物 (含两个)，可单独使用.。

13、Every student in our school works hard.（我们学校的学生都很用功。） Each student may have one book. （每个学生都可有一本书。） both, either, neither的用法： both意为“两者全都”，与复数连用。either意为“两者中间的任何一个”，neither 表示“两者之间一个也不是”，与单数连用。如：Both of the them come from London。他们两人都是伦敦人。 You may take either with you。 两个中间你随便带哪个都行。 Neither is corre

14、ct。 两个都不对。 Few，a few和little，a little的用法： Few，a few用来代替和修饰可数名词，little，a little用来代替和修饰不可数名词;a few和a little 着重肯定意思，相当于汉语“有几个”，“有一点儿”；few和little 着重否定意思，相当于汉语 “没有几个”，“没有多少” 练习： 1. We had plenty of paper but_ink. A. a few B. few C. not many D. not much 2. Learning a foreign language is especially difficul

15、t for those who have have never learned _before. A. one B. it C. them D. that 3. Were very busy because weve so _books to read and so _homework to do every day. A. much . many B. many . much C. many . a lot D. a lot . much 4. I thought _of the matter but still couldnt find out the reason. A. every B

16、. both C. nothing D. everything 5. My car is not so expensive as _. A. him B. hes C. he D. his 6. Lily and Lucy have arrived，but _students arent here yet. A. other B. others C. the other D. the others 7. There are high buildings on _side of the street. A. both B. every C. any D.either 8. What do you

17、 usually have for breakfast? _eggs and _milk. A Little . a few B. A little . a little C. A few . a little D. A few . a few 9. _ is difficult in the world if you put your heart into it. A. Something B. Anything C. Nothing D. Everything 10. Is this story the same as _in that book? A. the one B. what C

18、. that D. it 第3讲：形容词 a beautiful little new white wooden house 从这个长长的词中可以看出多个形容词作 定语时排列有一定的先后顺序。它们往往遵循以下规律：冠词或人称代词所有格+数词+性质+大小+形状+表示老少、新旧+颜色+事物质地、人的国籍、用途。其实,你大可不必这样费神记,只要记住我给你的句子就可以了。 There is something wrong with my bike。这句话可能让你挠挠头皮，为什么wrong放在 something的后面呢？原来虽然大部分形容词做定语时的位置是放在名词之前的，但当形容词所修饰的词为some

19、thing，anything，nothing，everything等以-thing为字尾的词语时，形容词要后置。 形容词级别问题： a. Our classroom is twice larger than theirs。（我们的教室是他们的两倍。）这种表示倍数的句子用 times +形容词比较级+than 这样的格式。你记住了吗？ b. Im three years older than you.（我比你大三岁。）表示大三岁，高二厘米等时用表示数量词的词+比较级。 c.越来越用比较级+and +比较级来表示。如：The earth is getting warmer and warmer。（

20、地球变得越来越暖和。） d.越就越用the +比较级，the+比较级来表示。如： The busier he is，the happier he feels。(他越忙，越觉得高兴。) 最高级用法的用法就很简单了，提醒你一点，最高级要用于三者以上。还有几点是不得不提的： alone 和lonely：I feel lonely, because I am alone at home. 你独自一人在家用 alone 表示单独的、独自一人的，它表示一个客观事实，在句中只能做表语。你在家感到寂寞， 用lonely，表示主观上感到 孤独寂寞，指一种悲伤忧郁的情绪，可作定语和表语。 older和elder:

21、 Jack is older than me, he is my elder brother.杰克比我大要用older，表示年纪大的，年老的，常用做表语；他是我的长兄用elder，表示年老的，年长的，用做定语，只用于比较两个人的长幼，只能作表语。 练习： 1. Tony is going camping with _ boys. A. little two other B. two little other C. two other little D. little other two 2. Which is the _country, Japan or Australia? A. more

22、developed B. more developing C. most developed D. most developing 3. How was your recent visit to Qingdao? It was great.We visited some friends，and spent the _days at the seaside. A. few last sunny B. last few sunny C. last sunny few D. few sunny last 4. The books are not _ to be published. A. enoug

23、h intersting B. interesting enough C. so interesting D. too interesting 5.Whats your _sports? A. the most favorite B. most favorite C. favorite D. the favorite 6.Theres _ with the recorder A. anything wrong B. wrong anything C. something wrong D.wrong something 7. His sister is _than he . A. younger

24、 five years B. five years younger C. five year younge D. five younger years 8.We should speak English in and after class. Yes, _, _. A. more , better B. the more, the bette C. much, better D. the often, the better 9. The old man lives alone, he feels _. A. alone B. lonely C. lone D. alonely 10. I th

25、ink bananas are _of all the fruits. A. delicious B. much delicious C. more delicious D. the most delicious 第4讲：副词 学完了形容词，副词讲解起来会更容易一些。一般认为形容词+ly就变成了副词，如形容词quick加上-ly变成副词quickly。但是象friendly , lovely 虽然以 ly 结尾，但实则是形容词，She is friendly to me (她对我很友好。) 副词可修饰动词、形容词和副词，这些用法相信大家已经掌握。那我们挑选一下易混、易用错的来详细讲解一下。 a

26、lready 和 yet ： Where is Tom? He hasnt come yet. But Jack is already here . 这句话中又是 already，又有yet，是怎么回事吗？原来already和yet意思虽然相同，但用法有点小区别。表示事情早已发生或提前发生用 already，一般放于句中，用于肯定句和疑问句。含有already的肯定句，变为否定句时，要将already 变为yet，且放在句尾。yet表示预料要发生的事未发生，位于句尾，一般用于否定句和疑问句中。 还迷糊吗？再迷糊，只好再看一看上面的例句喽。 hard 和 hardly： hard，hardly

27、两者虽然只有-ly之差，意义却大不相同。hard表示辛苦，使劲，努力，如：He works very hard.(他学习非常努力。) 而hardly为否定副词，表示几乎不。如：The box is so heavy that he could hardly carry it .（这箱子是那么沉，他几乎搬不动。） ago 和 before： ago 不能单独使用，应与three days (months , weeks)等连用, 而且和动词的过去时连用。如： I met my neighbour an hour ago. Before 之前有一段时间时，指距这段时间以前，和过去完成时连用。如：H

28、e said he had finished the work two days before.（他说他两天前已完成了工作。） 如果before单独使用，是泛指以前，常常和完成时连用。如：I have seen the film before.（我以前没看过这部电影。） farther 和 further: far 有两种比较级，farther，further. 在英语中两者都可指距离。如： He runs farther than she does.（他比她跑得远。）在美语中，farther 表示距离，further表示进一步。 如： I have nothing further to sa

29、y.（我没什么要说的了。） 至于副词的比较级和最高级问题，参照形容词的就OK了。 练习： 1. The teacher was very angry and decided to send _school, so he wasnt a student any longer. A. away him from B. him away from the C. away him out of D. him away from 2. _, he didnt fail in the English exam. A. Luck B. Lucky C. Luckily D. Luckly 3.Are you

30、 feeling _? Yes，Im fine now. A. any well B.any better C.quite good D.quite better 4. The more we looked at the picture, _. A. the less we liked it B. we like it less C. better we like it D. it looked better 5. After the new machine was introduced，the factory produced _ shoes in 1988 as the year befo

31、re. A. as twice many B. as many twice C. twice as many D. twice many as 6. Our English needs to be_improved. A. farther B. farthest C. further D. far 7. What a pity! Lucy ran _ more slowly than Lily. A. a few B. much C. a little D. little 8. He is running _now. A. more slowly and more slowly B. slow

32、lier and slowlier C. more and more slowly D. slowly and slowly 9. Last night my father went back _later than before. A. quite B. very C. even D. much more 10.The sick man was too thin to go any _. A. far B. farther C. further D. farthest 第5讲：动词 系动词：大概是最简单的动词了。你只需注意的是系动词除了be的形式之外，还有become，get，grow，tu

33、rn，sound，look，smell，taste等，它们不能单独作谓语,必须和作表语的词语(如形容词, 名词等) 连用, 所以用的时候，可要小心为是呀！如：It smells delicious.(它闻起来味道很美)。delicious 是形容词，不是副词。 情态动词：首先要记住情态动词后必跟动词原形。must和need几乎是每年的必考题，这里我们重点讲一下。 must的意思是应当，必须，侧重于说话者的主观看法，没有时态变化，其否定式是mustnt，在Must I(we) .的疑问句中，须注意的是其否定回答常用neednt。如：Must I go?(我一定要走吗?)No,you neednt

34、.(不，不必。) need意为需要。既可作实义动词，又可作情态动词，因此在用法上需要注意。作实义动词时，need后跟名词，动名词，或不定式。如：I need to go. (我得走了。) 作情态动词时，后跟动词原形。如：You neednt come tomorrow if you are busy. (如果你忙，明天就不必来了。) 实意动词： 实意动词可谓家族兴旺，人员众多。我们跑(run)，我们跳(jump)，我们笑(laugh)，这些都得用实意动词来表达。我们一起来看一看一些特殊的词吧。它们在接动名词和不定式时意义有所不同。 stop：这个词让好多同学大伤了一番脑筋，到底什么时候加to

35、do，什么时候加doing 呢?两者意义又有什么不同呢?OK, Come with me. 看下面两个句子。 When the teacher came in, they stopped to read. When the teacher came in, they stopped talking. 第一句的意思是当老师进来时，他们停下来开始读书。而第二句的意思是 老师进来时，他们停止了说话。所以stop to do sth表示停止正在做的事情去干另一件事。而stop doing表示中断正在做的某事。现在明白了吗? forget，remember，regret 这三个词用法基本相同，只要记住+

36、doing 表示事情已经做过，+to do表示事情还未做就可以了。forget to do 忘记要去做某事。(未做)forget doing 忘记做过某事。(已做) 如：The light is still on. He forgot to turn it off. 灯还在亮着，他忘记关了。 ( 没有做关灯的动作)He forgot turning the light off. 他忘记他已经关了灯了。( 已做过关灯的动作) 感官动词：see,watch, notice,look at,hear,listen to,smell,taste,feel 等 +do 表示动作的完整性，真实性 +doi

37、ng 表示动作的连续性，进行性。如：I saw him work in the garden yesterday. 昨天我看见他在花园里干活了。(强调我看见了这个事实) I saw him working in the garden yesterday.（强调我见他正干活这个动作）昨天我见他正在花园里干活。 练习： 1. Wang Lin _some help. Can you help him?A. needs B. want C. need to D. ask 2. All of us enjoy _football very much. A. play B. playing C. pla

38、yed D. to play 3. - The light in the classroom is still on. - Oh，I forgot_. A. turning it off B. turn it off C. to turn it off D. having turned it off 4. I regret _ the window. A. to do B. to be doing C. to have done D. having broken 5. His grandparents saw her _ up from childhood. A. grow B. grew C

39、. was growing D. to grow 6. -Whats this in English? -Sorry, I cant _it in English. A. tell B. say C. speak D. talk 7. - _I finish my homwork today? -No, you neednt. A. Can B. May C. Must D. Need 8. In Spring , the days _longer and longer, the trees _green. A. get, turn B. gets, turns C. got, turned

40、D. have got, have turned 9. When the traffic lights are red, you _stop. A. can B. must C. wont D. neednt 10. When the teacher came into the classroom, I _to my deskmate. A. stopped to talk B. stopped talking C. stop to talk D. stop talking 第6讲：不定式 不定式的构成非常简单是to+动词原形。当然to有时也可以不带。动词不定式没有人称和数的变化，可以担当除谓

41、语外的任何句子成分。那什么时候可以不带to呢?不定式省to有四种情况： 使役动词 let,have,make 等后接不定式。如：Let him go! 让他走! would rather，had better后。如：You had better stay at home.你最好呆在家里。 Why. / why not.后。如：Why not have a good rest on Sunday? 为什么星期天不好好休息一下呢? 感官动词 see, watch, look at, hear, listen to, smell,feel, find 等后作宾补，省to。如：I saw him da

42、nce. 我看见他跳舞。 注意：这些情况在被动句中可千万不可省to 如：The boss made them work the whole night. 变成被动句：They were made to work the whole night. 不定式的特殊用法： It与不定式：动词不定式可以做主语，但如果动词不定式太长，显得头重脚轻的，那么我们就可用形式主语it代替，而把真正主语(即不定式)放于句尾。 如: It is not difficult for me to study English well.(对我来说学好英语是可能的。)不定式还可以充当句子的宾语，但有些动词，如find，thi

43、nk，believe 等，在语法上不能接受不定式作宾语，只有用it作形式宾语，从而把动词不定式置于句尾。这样的不定式可继续充当其宾语的作用。 如: I found it difficult to fall asleep.我发现很难入睡。 还有一点：动词不定式，还可用在how，when，where，what，which 等疑问代词或副词之后，与其共同作宾语。如：I dont know how to use a computer.我不知道怎样使用电脑。Remember?too.to.和enough.to：too.to表达太 . 一致于不能.。 enough . to 表达 足以.。这两个词组的用法用两个例子就可以说清楚了。 The box is too heavy for me to lift.这个箱子太沉了，我提不动。 He is old