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1、Unit1internationalbusiness无忧无忧PPTPPT整理发布整理发布CONTENTS Teaching Aims Text A Text B Supplementing ReadingSupplementing ReadingTEACHINGAIMSAfterstudyingthisunit,youarerequiredto1.Haveageneralideaofthetradebarrierandhaveacorrectcomprehensionofit.2.HaveageneralideaoftheCAFTA,andunderstandthefunctionsofCAF

2、TAwell.3.Haveageneralideaofinternationalbusinesstrend,andcantellthedistinctionsoffreetradeandfairetrade.4.Mastersomenewwords,expressionsandtechnicalterms.TEXTADontFenceMeOut！QUESTIONS1.Whatdoyouknowabouttradebarriers?Whydothesetradebarriersexist?2.Whatarethetwomajorbarriersoffreetrade?Intodaysworld,

3、theglobalizationisthemaintrend,so,what is your view on the existence of tradebarriers?3.Whatarethedefinitionsoftariffbarriers,non-tariffbarriers,quantitativeandnon-quantitative?TEXTAPreviewTheconceptofcomparativeadvantagemakesastrongcaseforfree,unrestrictedtradeamongnations.Meanwhileeconomistsbeliev

4、efreetradewillbemutuallybeneficial,yet,manybarrierstotradeexisttoday,namely,regulationsandmeasuresimposedbyauthoritiesthatundulyimpedetradeingoodsorservices,inexportorimport.Lossofbusinessopportunitiesisthemostseriousimpactofatradebarrier,buteventheirminoreffectsmayrequireextratimeandtroubleandcause

5、additionalexpenses.Thebenefitsoffreetradearewellknown,butwhydosomepeoplesupporttheuseoftariffsorquotastorestrictorstoptheinternationalflowofgoodsandservices?Inthistext,Wewillfocusonthetariffbarriers,non-tariffbarriers,quantitativeandnon-quantitative.TEXTAReadingComprehensionRparativeadvantage7.adval

6、oremduty3.Subsidye8.specificduty4.Quota9.Tariff5.NTB10.tariffratequotaaagrantpaidbyagovernmenttoanenterprisethatbenefitsthepublicbtaxfiguredasapercentageonthevalueofgoodscartificialrestraintonthefreeexchangeofgoodsandservicesbetweencountries,usuallyintheformoftariffs,subsidies,quotasorexchangecontro

7、ls.ddutyortaxladedonaspecificcommoditywhenitcrossesnationalboundarieseaproportionalshare,asofgoods,assignedtoagrouportoeachmemberofagroup;alimitationonimportsfasituationthatexistswhenacountrycanproduceagoodorserviceatmuchlowercostthananyothercountrygarestrictionsetbyagovernmentonthequantityofgoodsth

8、atcanbeexportedoutofacountryduringaspecifiedperiodoftimehnontariffbarrieriQuotaspermittingastipulatedamountofgoodstoenterthenationduty-freeoratalowrate,whilechargingamuchhigherdutyforsubsequentimportswhentheamountisreached.jtaxrelatingtolocalcurrencyperunitofgoodsbasedonphysicalmeasurementskey1match

9、c2f3a4e5h6g7b8j9d10iTEXTANotes1.Tradebarriers：Tradebarriersareageneraltermthatdescribesanygovernmentpolicyorregulationthatrestrictsinternationaltrade.Thebarrierscantakemanyforms,includingthefollowingtermsthatincludemanyrestrictionsininternationaltradewithinmultiplecountriesthatimportandexportanyitem

10、softrade.2.Anadvaloremduty：Anadvaloremtax(Latinforaccordingtovalue)isataxbasedonthevalueofrealestateorpersonalproperty.Itismorecommonthanaspecificduty,ataxbasedonthequantityofanitem,suchascentsperkilogram,regardlessofprice.3.Specificrateduty：Aspecificratedutyisatariffleviedonimports,definedintermsof

11、aspecificamountperunit,suchascentsperkilogram.Bycontrast,anadvaloremdutyisachargeleviedonimportsdefinedintermsofafixedpercentageofvalue.4.Tariff-ratequota:Atariff-ratequota(TRQ)isatradepolicytoolusedtoprotectadomestically-producedcommodityorproductfromcompetitiveimports.5.Economicefficiency:Ineconom

12、ics,thetermeconomicefficiencyreferstotheuseofresourcessoastomaximizetheproductionofgoodsandservices.Aneconomicsystemissaidtobemoreefficientthananother(inrelativeterms)ifitcanprovidemoregoodsandservicesforsocietywithoutusingmoreresourcesInabsoluteterms,asituationcanbecalledeconomicallyefficient.TEXTA

13、NewWordsandExpressions1.undulyadv.过度地；不适当地；不正当地Supposeyouhavetogiveaspeechandyouareundulyanxiousaboutlookinguncomfortable.假设你不得不去做演讲，你看上去不自在，你对此很焦虑。2.Impedevt.阻碍；妨碍；阻止Heavyrainimpededourjourney.瓢泼大雨阻碍了我们的旅行。3.subsidyn.补贴；津贴；补助金Higherdepositratesincreasethebudgetcostsofthesubsidyprogram.存款利润较高，就增大了补贴

14、规划的预算费用。4.quotan.配额；定额；限额OntheQuotamenu,clickClose.在“配额”菜单上单击“关闭.5.Tradebarriers:关税壁垒6.boundaryn.边界；范围；分界线DiskcapacityismismatchedwiththesettingofBoundaryCheck.翻译是磁盘容量是不相符的设置“边界检查”。7.advalorem从价的8.specificduty从量税9.exertiveadj.费力的，使努力的10.revenuen.税收，国家的收入；收益Thriftisgreatrevenue.节俭是笔大收入。11.imposevi.利用

15、；欺骗；施加影响vt.强加；征税；以欺骗Peoplesenseyourstrengthsnotimposeonyou.人们感觉到你的力量，不会欺骗你。12.unilaterallyadv.单方面地Youcannotcanceltheorderunilaterally.你们不能单方面取消定单。13.bilaterallyadv.双边地；双方面地WewilldealwithitonthegroundandalsobilaterallywithPakistan.我们要就地采取行动，也会通过和双边努力来解决这个问题14.multilaterallyadv多边地Tradecanberestrictedm

16、ultilaterallybygovernmentsandcompaniesfromdifferentcountriesactinginconcert.贸易可以通过各个国家的政府和公司采取一致行动多方面地加以限制。15.voluntaryexportrestrains（VERs）自动限制出16.orderlymarketingarrangements有秩序销售协定17.stipulatevi.规定；保证vt.规定；保证adj.植有托叶的Totaldisarmamentwasstipulatedinthepeacetreaty.全部裁减军备条款是和平协议的必要条件。18.burdensomead

17、j.繁重的；累赘的；恼人的Traditionisfarfrombeinginterorburdensomeforthewriter.对作家来说，传统决不是毫不生气的和累赘的19.pertinentadj.相关的，相干的；中肯的；切题的Makingthequestionpertinentisthetollthecrisiswilltakeonmanypeopleforsometimetocome.让这个问题变得有的放矢的是，未来一段时间这场危机将给许多人造成损害20.eliminationn.消除；淘汰；除去Observationofpatientswithclinicalsymptomsimp

18、rove,theeliminationoftime.观察患者治疗前后临床症状改善、消除的时间。TEXTAAssignmentFinishtherestofexercisesofTextAPreviewTextBTextBBushAdministrationSeekstoLowerTradeBarrierswithLatinAmericaQUESTIONS1.Afterreadingthistext,canyousummariesthedefinitionandfunctionsoftheCAFTA?Doyouthinkitcanplayanimportantroleintheinternati

19、onalbusinesses?2.Thetextsaidthat“CAFTAwouldcreatethesecond-largestU.S.exportmarketinLatinAmerica”couldyougivesomeyourviewsonthissentence,andwhodoyouthinkisthefinalwinner?TEXTBPreviewWASHINGTON-TheBushadministrationsdrivetoremovetradebarrierstoU.S.exportsisworkingandneedstobeexpandedwithanewfreetrade

20、agreementwithsixLatinAmericacountries,CommerceSecretaryCarlosGutierrezsaidTuesday.OutliningPresidentBushstradegoalsforhissecondterm,GutierrezsaidtheadministrationplannedtoturnitsattentiontowinningcongressionalapprovalfortheCentralAmericanFreeTradeAgreement.ItcoverstheCentralAmericannationsofCostaRic

21、a,ElSalvador,Guatemala,HondurasandNicaraguaaswellastheCaribbeannationoftheDominicanRepublic.TEXTBReadingComprehensionDeterminewhetherthefollowingstatementsaretrueorfalseaccordingtothetext.WriteTfortrueandFforfalseinthebrackets.1.NowtheBushadministrationisremovingtradebarrierstoU.S.exports.(T)2.Presi

22、dentBushhaslongfocusedonwinningcongressionalapprovalfortheCAFTAinhisfirstterm(F)3.AllthesalestoRussia,IndiaandIndonesiamaynotexceedthoseofthemarketCAFTAwouldcreate.(T)4.NeitheroftheexportersfromtheU.S.andthefiveCentralAmericannationsischargedbyanyduty.(F)5.TheagreementwouldparticularlyboosttheU.S.ex

23、ports(T)TEXTBNotes1.CentralAmericanFreeTradeAgreement:commonlycalledDR-CAFTA,isafreetradeagreement(legallyatreatyunderinternationallaw,butnotunderUSlaw).Originally,theagreementencompassedtheUnitedStatesandtheCentralAmericancountriesofCostaRica,ElSalvador,Guatemala,Honduras,andNicaragua,andwascalledC

24、AFTA.2.CostaRica:officiallytheRepublicofCostaRica:isacountryinCentralAmerica,borderedbyNicaraguatothenorth,Panamatotheeastandsouth,thePacificOceantothewestandsouthandtheCaribbeanSeatotheeast.3.Caribbeannation:TheCaribbeanisaregionconsistingoftheCaribbeanSea,itsislands(mostofwhichenclosethesea),andth

25、esurroundingcoasts.TheregionislocatedsoutheastoftheGulfofMexicoandNorthAmerica,eastofCentralAmerica,andtothenorthofSouthAmerica.TEXTBNotes4.DominicanRepublic：TheDominicanRepublicisanationontheislandofHispaniola,partoftheGreaterAntillesarchipelagointheCaribbeanregion.Thewesternthirdoftheislandisoccup

26、iedbythenationofHaiti,makingHispaniolaoneoftwoCaribbeanislandsthataresharedbytwocountries.Bothbyareaandpopulation,theDominicanRepublicisthesecondlargestCaribbeannation(afterCuba),with48,442squarekilometers(18,704sqmi)andanestimated10millionpeople5.Congress.:TheUnitedStatesCongressisthebicamerallegis

27、latureofthefederalgovernmentoftheUnitedStatesofAmerica,consistingoftheSenateandtheHouseofRepresentatives.TheCongressmeetsintheUnitedStatesCapitolinWashington,D.C.6.DohaRoundoftradetalks：Isthecurrenttrade-negotiationroundoftheWorldTradeOrganization(WTO)whichcommencedinNovember2001.Itsobjectiveistolow

28、ertradebarriersaroundtheworld,whichallowscountriestoincreasetradeglobally.Asof2008,talkshavestalledoveradivideonmajorissues,suchasagriculture,industrialtariffsandnon-tariffbarriers,services,andtraderemedies.TEXTBNewWordsandExpressions1.expandvt.扩张；使膨胀；详述vi.发展；张开，展开Theyhopetoexpandtheircompany.他们希望扩大

29、公司的规模。2.administrationn.管理；行政；实施；行政机构AcademicAdministrationandotherjobIthinkIcanstudyhard.教务行政等一些工作我想我也可以努力学习3.outliningn.列提纲；描绘轮廓；提纲挈领v.概括（outline的ing形式）；画的轮廓Idsuggestthatalltattooingrequireasignedconsentformoutliningrisksthemostobviousonebeingamajorcaseofremorse.我建议所有文身操作都要求签署对所含风险的知情同意书最常见的主要风险之一

30、就4.approvaln.批准；认可；赞成Withoneaccordtheyshoutedtheirapproval.他们一致发出赞同的呼声。binevt.使结合；使联合，使混合；合并Weshallcombinethethreedepartments.我们将合并这三个部门。TEXTBNewWordsandExpressions6.tariffs:n.关税（tariff的复数）7.citing:n.引用，引证；举例Mostcasesarefoundinurbanareas,Yangsaid,citingmedicalstudiesondiabetesprevalenceinBeijingandS

31、hanghai.很多案例是在都市区域发现的，杨说，城市医学的糖尿病研究在北京和上海及8,estimateV.估计；预计；估算Weestimatethecosttobefourthousanddollars.我们估计费用(或成本)为4000美元。9.potentialn.潜能；可能性；电势adj.潜在的；可能的；物势的Tohelpstudentsdeveloptheirpotential.协助学生发展个人潜能。10.boostingn.助推，局部通风；升压加力v.推进（boost的现在分词形式Ifyouboosthimup,hecanjustreachthetopoftheshelf.如果你托他

32、一把，他正好能够到架顶。TEXTBNewWordsandExpressions11.manufacturen.制造；产品；制造业vt.制造；加工；捏造vi.制造ThissteelismanufacturedfromSwedishiron.这种钢材是用瑞典的铁炼制的。12.annuallyadv.每年；一年一次MyparentsgotoHawaiiforvacationannually.我的父母每年都会去夏威夷度假。13.despiteprep.尽管，不管n.轻视；憎恨；侮辱Ifailedthetestdespitestudyingallnight.尽管整夜学习，我还是考试不及格14.defic

33、itn.赤字；不足额TheoryofMindandAutism:ASpecificDeficit?心理和孤独症理论：一个特异的缺陷？15.soaringadj.翱翔的；高耸的；猛增的v.高耸（soar的现在分词形式）；高飞；猛增Warmwindsthatflowinfromthesouthmakethemountainvalleyidealforsoaring.从南部吹来的温暖的风使得这个山谷成为了飞行的理想地点。16.sluggishadj.萧条的；迟钝的；行动迟缓的；懒惰的n.市况呆滞；市势疲弱Sluggishflowingthegreatriverwithsorrowandsilence

34、.缓慢流动着悲伤与寂静的巨大河流。17.Democratsn.民主党；民主党人（Democrat的复数）ShesaysmostyoungDemocratswanttoendthewar.她说大多数年轻的民主党人希望结束战争。18.subsidyn.补贴；津贴；补助金Higherdepositratesincreasethebudgetcostsofthesubsidyprogram.存款利润较高，就增大了补贴规划的预算费用TEXTBAssignmentFinishtheexercisesofTextBPreviewsupplementingreading.Supplementing Readi

35、ngThemainideaofeachpartPart1GainsfromlowertradebarriersReducedtradebarriershavebeenkeyelementsintheincreasedprosperitytheworldhasseeninthepost-1945era.Theselowerbarriershaveallowedgreaterspecializationofproduction,withconsequentgainsincheapergoodsenjoyedbyallparties.Part2DriversforliberalizationMult

36、ilateralagreementsundertheGATTandWTOhavebeentheleadingarrangementsbringinggreaterliberalization,butnarroweragreementssuchastheEuropeanUnionandCanada-USbilateralfreetradehavealsobeensignificant.Part3Benefitsofliberalization1.increasedcompetitivepressuresonsuppliersthatpreviouslywentlessheavilychallen

37、gedintheirhomemarkets；businessesfacingincreasedcompetitionusuallylifttheirperformancetothebenefitofconsumersinallparticipatingcountries；2.avariationofthetraditionalcomparativeadvantagegainsbutonethattakesadvantageoftheincreasedspecializationofmodernproductionandtheincreasednumberofstagesthroughwhich

38、materialsareputpriortoreachingthefinalconsumer.Part4FairtradeMorerecently，somepeoplehavesoughttouseenvironmentalorworkersafetystandardsasconditionsforpermittingothercountriestoexporttous.Althoughmanychampioningsuchcausesdosooutofstrongconvictions，itmeanspaternalisticallyimposingourownstandardsonothe

39、rcountries.Part5ThewayforwardThesepoliciesdenyEuropeanmarketaccesstoefficientproducerssuchasAustralia.TheEUguaranteesitsownfarmershighpriceswhichalsobringmassivesurplusesinmanyagriculturalproducts.Thesearedumpedonworldmarketsanddepressprices.Unit2InternationalFinance无忧无忧PPTPPT整理发布整理发布CONTENTS Teachi

40、ng Aims Text A Text B Supplementing ReadingSupplementing ReadingTEACHINGAIMSAfterstudyingthisunit,youarerequiredto1.Haveageneralideaofthestockmarketandhaveacorrectcomprehensionofit.2.Haveageneralideaofthebank,andunderstandthefunctionsofthebankwell,especiallyintermsofinternationalbusinessandfinance.3

41、.Haveageneralideaoftheforeignexchange,andcantellthefactorsthataffectingexchangerates.4.Mastersomenewwords,expressionsandtechnicalterms.TEXTAtheStockMarketQUESTIONS1.Whydosomanypeoplelikeplayingstocksinthestockmarket?Inyouropinion,howcanpeoplemakemoneyinthestockmarket?2.Whatdoyouknowaboutthestockmark

42、et?Canyougivesomeexamplestoillustrateitsfeaturesandfunctions?TEXTAPreviewAstockmarketisaplacewherethesharesinpubliclyownedcompanies，thetitlestobusinessfirms，areboughtandsold.In1996，thevalueofthesetitleswasestimatedatthirtytrillionintheUnitedStates.Salesinasingleyearmighttotal3trillion.Thestockmarket

43、isthehubofourcorporateeconomy.TheNewYorkStockExchangeisthemainstockmarket，listingmorethanathousandsecurities.Everylargefinancialcenterhasastockexchange.MajoronesarelocatedinTokyo，London,Frankfurt，HongKong，Toronto，Zurich（苏黎世），and，ofcourse，NewYork.Astockexchangeisacriticalpartofmodernmarketeconomies.W

44、henthecountriesofEasternEuropedecidedtoscraptheircentrallyplannedsystemsandbecomemarketeconomies,oneoftheirfirstactswastointroduceastockmarkettobuyandsellownershiprightsincompanies.TEXTAVocabularyComprehensionGiveouttheChineseexplanationsofthefollowingwordsandphrase.1.Collateral2.Cashin3.TheGreatDep

45、ression4.Stockprice5.Bullmarket1抵押物 2.兑现 3.大萧条 4.股票价格 5.牛市KEYTEXTANotes1.The New York Stock Exchange(NYSE):isastockexchangelocatedat11WallStreetinlowerManhattan,NewYorkCity,USA.ItistheworldslargeststockexchangebymarketcapitalizationofitslistedcompaniesatUS$11.92trillionasofAug2010.Averagedailytradin

46、gvaluewasapproximatelyUS$153billionin2008.2.Burton Gordon Malkiel:(bornAugust28,1932)isanAmericaneconomistandwriter,mostfamousforhisclassicfinancebookARandomWalkDownWallStreet(nowinits9thedition,2007).Heisaleadingproponentoftheefficientmarkethypothesis,whichcontendsthatpricesofpubliclytradedassetsre

47、flectallpubliclyavailableinformation,althoughhehasalsopointedoutthatsomemarketsareevidentlyinefficient,exhibitingsignsofnon-randomwalk.Notes3.The South Sea Company:wasaBritishjointstockcompanythattradedinSouthAmericaduringthe18thcentury.Foundedin1711,thecompanywasgrantedamonopolytotradeinSpainsSouth

48、AmericancoloniesaspartofatreatyduringtheWarofSpanishSuccession.Theprimaryelementoftradewasslaves.Inreturn,thecompanyassumedthenationaldebtEnglandhadincurredduringthewar.SpeculationinthecompanysstockledtoagreateconomicbubbleknownastheSouthSeaBubblein1720,whichcausedfinancialruinformany.Inspiteofthisi

49、twasrestructuredandcontinuedtooperateformorethanacenturyaftertheBubble.TheheadquarterswereinThreadneedleStreet.4.Mafia:(alsoknownasCosaNostra)isacriminalbrotherhoodthatemergedinthemid19thcenturySicily.Itisalooseassociationofcriminalgroupsthatshareacommonorganizationalstructureandcodeofconduct.Eachgr

50、oup,knownasafamily,clan,orcosca,claimssovereigntyoveraterritoryinwhichitoperatesitsracketsusuallyatownorvillageoraneighborhood(borgata)ofalargercity.Notes5.John Davison Rockefeller:(July8,1839May23,1937)wasanAmericanoilmagnate.Rockefellerrevolutionizedthepetroleumindustryanddefinedthestructureofmode