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1、商务英语综合教程商务英语综合教程 Unit 1 Work in Unity for the FutureIntroductionIntroductionWith the concerted efforts of G20 members and the entire international community,the world With the concerted efforts of G20 members and the entire international community,the world economy is gradually recovering.But the re

2、covery is neither firmly established nor balanced economy is gradually recovering.But the recovery is neither firmly established nor balanced and there are still quite many uncertainties down the road.Sovereign debt risks continue to rise and there are still quite many uncertainties down the road.So

3、vereign debt risks continue to rise in some countries.A host of problems have been exposed in some systemically-important in some countries.A host of problems have been exposed in some systemically-important financial institutions.Exchange rates of major currencies fluctuate drastically and internat

4、ional financial institutions.Exchange rates of major currencies fluctuate drastically and international financial markets suffer from persistent volatility.Commodity prices hover at a high level and financial markets suffer from persistent volatility.Commodity prices hover at a high level and protec

5、tionism of various forms is notably growing.All this shows that the deeper impact of the protectionism of various forms is notably growing.All this shows that the deeper impact of the international financial crisis is yet to be overcome and systemic and structural risks in the world international fi

6、nancial crisis is yet to be overcome and systemic and structural risks in the world economy remain very serious.We must fully recognize the gravity and complexity of the deep economy remain very serious.We must fully recognize the gravity and complexity of the deep impact of the international financ

7、ial crisis and continue to work in a spirit of unity and win-win impact of the international financial crisis and continue to work in a spirit of unity and win-win progress.progress.New Wordsconcerted adj.协定的；商议定的；协调的协定的；商议定的；协调的sovereign adj.至高无上的；有主权的；拥有最高统治权的；至高无上的；有主权的；拥有最高统治权的；n.君主；最高统治者；独立国君主；

8、最高统治者；独立国fluctuate vi.波动；动摇；涨落波动；动摇；涨落 vt.使动摇；使波动使动摇；使波动drastically adv.彻底地；激烈地彻底地；激烈地persistent adj.固执的，坚持的；持久稳固的固执的，坚持的；持久稳固的volatility n.挥发性；易变；活泼挥发性；易变；活泼hover vi.盘旋，翱翔；徘徊盘旋，翱翔；徘徊 vt.孵；徘徊在孵；徘徊在近旁近旁 n.徘徊；盘旋；犹豫徘徊；盘旋；犹豫gravity n.重力，地心引力；庄严；严重性重力，地心引力；庄严；严重性New Wordscomplexity n.复杂，复杂性；复杂错综的事物复杂，复杂性

9、；复杂错综的事物launch vt.发射（导弹、火箭等）；发动；使发射（导弹、火箭等）；发动；使下水下水 vi.下水；开始；起飞下水；开始；起飞 n.发射；下水；汽艇；发行，投放市场发射；下水；汽艇；发行，投放市场premier adj.第一的；最初的第一的；最初的 n.总理，首相总理，首相contingency n.意外事故；可能性；偶然性；意外开支意外事故；可能性；偶然性；意外开支proactive adj.有前瞻性的，先行一步的有前瞻性的，先行一步的macroeconomic n.整体经济整体经济 adj.宏观经济的，总体经济的宏观经济的，总体经济的intensity n.强烈；强度；亮

10、度；紧张强烈；强度；亮度；紧张cautious adj.谨慎的；十分小心的谨慎的；十分小心的New Wordsstimulus n.刺激；激励；刺激物刺激；激励；刺激物momentum n.动力；动量；冲力；势头动力；动量；冲力；势头credibility n.可信性；确实性可信性；确实性multilateral adj.数数 多边的；多国的，多国参加的多边的；多国的，多国参加的leverage n.杠杆作用；杠杆效率；手段，影响力杠杆作用；杠杆效率；手段，影响力ratio n.比率，比例比率，比例precautionary adj.预防的；留心的；预先警戒的预防的；留心的；预先警戒的fore

11、stall vt.预先阻止；占先一步；垄断预先阻止；占先一步；垄断speculation n.推测；思索；投机；投机买卖推测；思索；投机；投机买卖methodology n.方法学，方法论方法学，方法论unequivocally adv.不含糊地；明确地不含糊地；明确地advocate vt.提倡，主张，拥护提倡，主张，拥护 n.提倡者；支持者；律师提倡者；支持者；律师New Wordsfriction n.摩擦，摩擦力摩擦，摩擦力consultation n.咨询；磋商；咨询；磋商；医医会诊；讨论会会诊；讨论会integral adj.完整的，整体的；完整的，整体的；数学数学积分的积分的ne

12、cessitate vt.使成为必需，需要；迫使使成为必需，需要；迫使fiscal adj.国库的；会计的，财政的国库的；会计的，财政的fluctuation n.起伏，波动起伏，波动Notes1.The 2009 G-20 2009年年20国集团匹兹堡峰会国集团匹兹堡峰会 PittsburghSummitwasthethirdmeetingoftheG-20headsofstateindiscussionoffinancialmarketsandtheworldeconomy.TheG-20isthepremierforumfordiscussing,planningandmonitorin

13、ginternationaleconomiccooperation.2.sovereign debt 国家主权债务国家主权债务A bond is a debt investment in which an investor loans a certainamountofmoney,foracertainamountoftime,withacertaininterestrate,to a company or country.A government bond is a bond issued by anationalgovernmentdenominatedinthecountrysowncu

14、rrency.Bondsissuedbynationalgovernmentsinforeigncurrenciesarenormallyreferredtoassovereignbonds.ThefirstevergovernmentbondwasissuedbytheEnglishgovernmentin1693toraisemoneytofundawaragainstFrance.Itwasintheformofatontine.Notes3.the capital and leverage ratio requirement资本和杠杆率要求资本和杠杆率要求 Capital requir

15、ement is a bank regulation,which sets a framework on howbanksanddepositoryinstitutionsmusthandletheircapital.Thecategorizationofassets and capital is highly standardized so that it can be risk weighted.Internationally,theBaselCommitteeonBankingSupervisionhousedattheBanforInternationalSettlementsinfl

16、uenceeachcountrysbankingcapitalrequirements.In1988,theCommitteedecidedtointroduceacapitalmeasurementsystemcommonlyreferred to as the Basel Accord.This framework has been replaced by asignificantlymorecomplexcapitaladequacyframeworkcommonlyknownasBaselII.After2012itwillbereplacedbyBaselIII.WhileBasel

17、IIsignificantlyaltersthecalculationoftheriskweights,itleavesalonethecalculationofthecapital.Thecapitalratioisthepercentageofabankscapital to its risk-weighted assets.Weights are defined by risk-sensitivity ratioswhosecalculationisdictatedundertherelevantAccord.Infinance,leverageisageneraltermforanyt

18、echniquetomultiplygainsandlosses.Commonwaystoattainleverageareborrowingmoney,buyingfixedassetsandusingderivatives.Notes4.reserve currency,or anchor currency储备货币储备货币Areservecurrency,oranchorcurrencyisacurrencythatisheldinsignificantquantitiesbymanygovernmentsandinstitutionsaspartoftheirforeign exchan

19、ge reserves.It also tends to be the international pricingcurrencyforproductstradedonaglobalmarket,andcommoditiessuchasoil,gold,etc.The common reserve currencies are:United States dollar,Euro,Poundsterling,Japaneseyen,Canadiandollar,Swissfranc,Chineseyuan.5.free trade自由贸易自由贸易Free trade is a system of

20、 trade policy that allows traders to tradeacross national boundaries without interference from the respectivegovernments.Accordingtothelawofcomparativeadvantagethepolicypermitstradingpartnersmutualgainsfromtradeofgoodsandservices.Nparative advantage 比较优势比较优势In economics,the law of comparative advant

21、age says that twocountries(orotherkindsofparties,suchasindividualsorfirms)canbothgainfromtradeif,intheabsenceoftrade,theyhavedifferentrelativecostsforproducingthesamegoods.Evenifonecountryismoreefficientintheproductionofallgoods(absoluteadvantage),itcanstillgainbytradingwith a less-efficient country

22、,as long as they have different relativeefficiencies.Notes7.North American Free Trade Agreement 北美自由贸易协定北美自由贸易协定The North American Free Trade Agreement or NAFTA is anagreementsignedbythegovernmentsofCanada,Mexico,andtheUnitedStates,creatingatrilateraltradeblocinNorthAmerica.Theagreementcameintoforce

23、onJanuary1,1994.ItsupersededtheCanada-UnitedStatesFreeTradeAgreementbetweentheU.S.andCanada.IntermsofcombinedpurchasingpowerparityGDPofitsmembers,asof2007thetradeblocisthelargestintheworldandsecondlargestbynominalGDPcomparison.The North American Free Trade Agreement(NAFTA)has twosupplements,the Nort

24、h American Agreement on EnvironmentalCooperation(NAAEC)and the North American Agreement on LaborCooperation(NAALC).ExercisesComprehension of the TextI.Answer the following questions according to the text.1)TheworldeconomyisrecoveringwiththegreateffortsmadebyG20membersandtheentireinternationalcommuni

25、ty,however,therearestillmanyuncertainties,canyounamesomeoftheuncertainties?2)Whatcanbeofgreatimportancetolongtermhealthygrowthoftheworldeconomy?3)Whatisourlongtermobjective?4)WhatmustbedonetoensurethesounddevelopmentoftheG20summitmechanism?5)Whatdoyouthinkweneedtodotomakefinancialsupervisionandregul

26、ationmorefocusedandeffective?ExercisesLanguage SkillsII.Word Study 1.Thesuffixesful,-lessareusedtoformadjectivesfromnouns,e.g.helphelpful.Nowcompletethefollowingtable.NounAdjectiveNoun AdjectivepricespeechgracebeautysuccessregretdoubtharmExercises2.Fill in the blanks in the passage with the words or

27、 expressions given below.stimulate appeal convince devote combination distribute attract transmit present influence 1.TheWorldCupfinalisbeing_livetooverfiftycountries.2.Hersenseofhumor_tohimenormously.3.Praisealways_himtomakegreaterefforts.4.Idontwantto_youeitherway,soIwonttellyoumyopinion.5.He_allh

28、iseffortstohisstudents.6.They_asumofmoneytothecollegeinmemoryoftheirson.7.Doanyofthesedesigns_you?8.Inaxo-operativeprofitsare_amongthework-force.9.Thefirmisworkingonanewproductin_withseveraloverseaspartners.10.Whatshesaid_methatIwasmistaken.Exercises3.Multiple Choice.1)Whatyouwroteisnotrelated_theto

29、picgiven.A.withB.toC.ofD.about2)Mybrotherisdeafsohehastouseahearing_.A.helpB.machineC.aidD.assist3)_yourorders,Icancelledthemeeting.A.InaccordancewithB.InaroundwithC.OnbehalfofD.Onaccountof4)Europeandresshasbeen_bypeopleinmanypartsoftheworld.A.observedB.reservedC.adoptedD.followed5)Togainmarketshare

30、theywouldhave_belowestablishedproducersinitially.A.topriceB.topricingC.priceD.pricelessExercises6)Theurgencyofthesituationrequiresthatwe_animmediatedecision.A.makeB.makesC.makingD.made7)Wheredidyou_yourexcellentEnglish?A.takeupB.pickupC.pickoutD.heedup8)Mrs.Brownisso_aboutherhouseworkthatservantswil

31、lnotworkforher.A.specialB.especialC.peculiarD.particular9)Althoughsalmonmaytravelhundredsofmilesfromwheretheywerespawned,theywill_returntheretolayeggs.A.reluctantlyB.ultimatelyC.apparentlyD.consequently10)Oxygenisakindofgas_uniteswithmanysubstances.A.whereB.whichC.thatisD.whoExercisesIII.Grammar Pas

32、sive Voice1.Complete the following sentences.1)Itisreportedthat_（该不明飞行物昨晚在新泽西州被看到）.2)Bythistimenextyear,thesenewhouses_(已经建成了).3)MayIuseyourcomputer?Mine_(正在修理).4)_intheaccidentyesterday(没有人受伤).5)Thebooks_(不能带出室外).2.Fill in the blanks with the passive voice of the words given in the blankets.1)Wetri

33、ed,butthewindow_;itwaspaintedshut.(couldnt+open)2)Thesebooks_tothelibrary.(haveto+return)3)Children_torespecttheirelders.(should+teach)4)Mary_aboutourchangeinplans.(hasto+tell)5)Theentirevalley_fromtheirmountain.(can+see)ExercisesBusiness Knowledge Extensions.Translate the following sentences into E

34、nglish.1.国际金融危机深层次影响尚未消除，世界经济系统性和结构性风险仍十分突出。2.推动二十国集团从应对国际金融危机的有效机制转向促进国际经济合作的主要平台。3.我们必须以实际行动反对各种形式的保护主义，坚决倡导和支持自由贸易。4.我们应该积极推动强劲增长，着力发展实体经济，促进民众就业，加强新兴产业领域国际合作，在前进中克服困难，在增长中解决问题。5.我们应该努力实现平衡增长，既要实现各国国内不同区域、不同产业平衡增长，也要实现不同国家和地区平衡增长。ExercisesV.Translate the following sentences in the text into Chine

35、se.1.Weneedtoacceleratetheestablishmentofanewinternationalfinancialorderthatisfair,equitable,inclusiveandwell-managed.Wemustlearnthehardlessonsoftheinternationalfinancialcrisis,takeeffectivemeasurestoaddresstherootcausesofthecrisis,andpushforwardreformtoensurethatthefutureinternationalfinancialsuper

36、visoryandregulatoryregimeiseasy to operate and highly accountable.It is important to establish aninternational financial system that is good for the growth of the realeconomy.2.Developed countries should promote international trade with greateropenness.Itisimportanttoaddresstradefrictionsappropriate

37、lythroughdialogueandconsultationandundertheprincipleofmutualbenefitandcommondevelopment.3.Weneedtotakealonger-termperspectiveandshiftthefocusoftheG20from coordinating stimulus measures to coordinating growth,fromaddressingshort-termcontingenciestopromotinglong-termgovernanceandfrompassiveresponsetop

38、roactiveplanning.Exercises4.We need to continue to push forward the reform of international financialinstitutions,completetheadjustmentofIMFquotasatafasterpace,enable more people from emerging markets and developingcountries to assume senior management posts at international financialinstitutions,an

39、d increase the representation and voice of developingcountries.5.Itwilltakealongandcomplexprocesstoachievestrong,sustainableandbalancedgrowthoftheworldeconomy.Itcannotbedoneovernight.We must make persistent efforts to push forward this process.And indoing so,we must also take into account specific c

40、ircumstances ofindividual countries and respect their diverse development paths andmodels.ExercisesVI.Write a summary of the text in about 120 words.VII.Write a one-paragraph composition entitled“we need to accelerate the establishment of a new international financial order that is fair,equitable,in

41、clusive and well-managed”。Complete the paragraph with five to seven sentences,using the words phrases given below.the international financial crisis,reform,financial supervisory and regulatory regime,credit rating,voice of developing countries.VIII.Discuss with your partner sustainable growth.Relate

42、d Technical Terms1.exchange rates 兑换率兑换率Infinance,theexchangerates(alsoknownastheforeign-exchangerate)betweentwocurrenciesspecifyhowmuchonecurrencyisworthintermsoftheother.Itisthevalueofaforeignnationscurrencyintermsofthehomenationscurrency.The spot exchange rate refers to the current exchange rate.

43、Theforwardexchangeratereferstoanexchangeratethatisquotedandtradedtodaybutfordeliveryandpaymentonaspecificfuturedate.Related Technical Terms2.credit rating 信用评级信用评级Credit rating estimates the credit worthiness of an individual,corporation,orevenacountry.Itisanevaluationmadebycreditbureausofaborrowers

44、overallcredithistory.Acreditratingisalsoknownasanevaluationofapotentialborrowersabilitytorepaydebt,preparedbyacreditbureauattherequestofthelender.Creditratingsarecalculatedfromfinancialhistoryandcurrentassetsandliabilities.Typically,acreditratingtellsalenderorinvestortheprobabilityofthesubjectbeinga

45、bletopaybackaloan.However,inrecentyears,creditratingshavealsobeenusedtoadjust insurance premiums,determine employment eligibility,andestablishtheamountofautilityorleasingdeposit.Apoorcreditratingindicatesahighriskofdefaultingonaloan,andthusleadstohighinterestratesortherefusalofaloanbythecreditor.Rel

46、ated Technical Terms3.creditworthiness 信用级别信用级别 It refers to the ability to borrow money.The better onescreditworthiness,the more likely it is that a bank or other financialinstitutionwillextendcredit.Oneestablishescreditworthinessbyrepayingloansandotherbillsontime,spendingprudently,andgenerallyshow

47、ingthat one can behave in a financially responsible way.Individualcreditworthiness is measured by the FICO score while a companys orother organizations creditworthiness usually is measured by its creditrating.4.resource allocation 资源配置资源配置Resourceallocationisusedtoassigntheavailableresourcesinanecon

48、omicway.Itispartofresourcemanagement.Inprojectmanagement,resource allocation is the scheduling of activities and the resourcesrequired by those activities while taking into consideration both theresourceavailabilityandtheprojecttime.Related Technical Terms5.non-tariff barriers to trade(NTBs)非关税壁非关税壁

49、Non-tariff barriers to trade(NTBs)are trade barriers that restrictimportsbutarenotintheusualformofatariff.Somecommonexamplesof NTBs are anti-dumping measures and countervailing duties,which,althoughtheyarecallednon-tariffbarriers,havetheeffectoftariffsoncetheyareenacted.Non-tariffbarrierstotradeincl

50、udeimportquotas,speciallicenses,unreasonable standards for the quality of goods,bureaucratic delays atcustoms,exportrestrictions,limitingtheactivitiesofstatetrading,exportsubsidies,countervailing duties,technical barriers to trade,sanitary andphyto-sanitarymeasures,rulesoforigin,etc.Sometimesinthisl