高中二年级英语选修5课件.ppt

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1、Nicolaus CopernicusBirth:February 19,1473 Death:May 24,1543 Place of Birth:Toru,Poland Career:1491-1494 Studied mathematics at Krakw Academy 1496 Went to Italy to study astronomy and law at the University of Bologna Nicolas Copernicus1497 Began observations of the Sun,Moon,and planets 1514 Wrote Com

2、mentariolus,an outline of his astronomical ideas,but did not circulate it widely 1543 Published De Revolutionibus Orbium Coelestium(On the Revolutions of the Celestial)Nicolas CopernicusSkim the passage to find out the main idea.The passage mainly tells us how Copernicus put forward and proved the t

3、heory .That is to say,having collected observations of the stars and proved the sun is the centre of the solar system，Copernicus published his theory before dying，which became the base of all the ideas of the universe.that the sun is the center of the solar systemthat the sun is the center of the so

4、lar system We all know something about Copernicus.He was one of the first scientists to use mathematical observations to collect information.He believed the sun is the center of the universe and the earth and other planets goes around it.1.At Copernicus time,Christian Church was in charge of many we

5、stern countries.TRead the passage quickly,and tell whether the following statements are true or false.3.Copernicus didnt show his new theory to his friends until he completed it.4.His friends were not interested in his ideas.TF2.Copernicus noticed that observed from the earth,some planets appears in

6、 front of or behind the earth.F5.Since he was not afraid of being attacked by the Church,Copernicus published his book as soon as he finished working on it.6.Newton,Einstein,and Hawking are all scientists who made contribution to the study of the universe.FTRead the passage carefully and try to draw

7、 the two theories of the universe.Before Copernicus theoryShowing Copernicus theoryA diagram showing the solar system with the Earth at its centreA diagram showing the solar system with the Sun at its centreAnalyze the following picture carefully and try to explain how a loop is formed.COPERNICUS RE

8、VOUTIONARY THEARYCOPERNICUS REVOUTIONARY THEARY Nicolaus Copernicus was frightened and his mind was Nicolaus Copernicus was frightened and his mind was confused.Although he had tried to ignore them.All his confused.Although he had tried to ignore them.All his mathematical calculations led to the sam

9、e conclusion that mathematical calculations led to the same conclusion that the earth was not the centre of the solar system.Only if the earth was not the centre of the solar system.Only if you put the sun there did the you put the sun there did the movementsmovements of the other of the other plane

10、ts in the sky planets in the sky make sensemake sense.Yet he could not tell.Yet he could not tell anyone about his theory as the powerful Christian Church anyone about his theory as the powerful Christian Church would have punished him for even suggesting such an would have punished him for even sug

11、gesting such an idea.They believed God had made the world and for that idea.They believed God had made the world and for that reason the earth was special and must be the centre of the reason the earth was special and must be the centre of the soar system.soar system.The problem arose because astron

12、omers had noticed that The problem arose because astronomers had noticed that some planet in the sky seemed to stop,move some planet in the sky seemed to stop,move backwardbackward and then go forward in a loop.Others appeared brighter at and then go forward in a loop.Others appeared brighter at tim

13、es and less bright at others.This was very strange if the times and less bright at others.This was very strange if the earth was the centre of the solar system and all planets earth was the centre of the solar system and all planets went around it.went around it.Copernicus had thought long and hard

14、about these Copernicus had thought long and hard about these problems and tried to find an answer.He had collected problems and tried to find an answer.He had collected observations of the stars and used all his mathematical to observations of the stars and used all his mathematical to explain them.

15、But only his new theory could do that.So explain them.But only his new theory could do that.So between 1510 and 1514 he worked on it,gradually between 1510 and 1514 he worked on it,gradually improving his theory until he felt it was complete.improving his theory until he felt it was complete.In 1514

16、 he showed it privately to is friends.The In 1514 he showed it privately to is friends.The changes he made to the old theory were revolutionary he changes he made to the old theory were revolutionary he placed a fixed sun at the centre of the solar system with placed a fixed sun at the centre of the

17、 solar system with the planets going round it and only the moon still going the planets going round it and only the moon still going around the earth.He also suggested that the earth was around the earth.He also suggested that the earth was spinning as it went round the sun and this explained spinni

18、ng as it went round the sun and this explained changes in the movement of the planets and in the changes in the movement of the planets and in the brightness of the stars.His friends were enthusiastic and brightness of the stars.His friends were enthusiastic and encouraged him to publish his ideas,b

19、ut Copernicus was encouraged him to publish his ideas,but Copernicus was cautious.He did not want to be attacked by the Christian cautious.He did not want to be attacked by the Christian Church,so he only published it as he lay dying in 1543.Church,so he only published it as he lay dying in 1543.Cer

20、tainly he was right to be careful.The Christian Certainly he was right to be careful.The Christian Church Church rejectedrejected his theory,saying it was against Gods his theory,saying it was against Gods idea and people who suspected it would be attacked.Yet idea and people who suspected it would

21、be attacked.Yet Copernicus theory is now the basis on which all our Copernicus theory is now the basis on which all our ideas of the universe are built.His theory replaced the ideas of the universe are built.His theory replaced the Christian idea of gravity,which said things fell to earth Christian

22、idea of gravity,which said things fell to earth because God created the earth as the centre of the because God created the earth as the centre of the universeuniverse.Copernicus showed this was obviously wrong.Copernicus showed this was obviously wrong.Now people can see that there is a direct link

23、between his Now people can see that there is a direct link between his theory and the work of Isaac Newton,Albert Einstein and theory and the work of Isaac Newton,Albert Einstein and Stephen Hawking.Stephen Hawking.1.All 1.All his mathematical calculations his mathematical calculations led to led to

24、 the same conclusion the same conclusion thatthat the earth was not the centre of the solar system.the earth was not the centre of the solar system.Only if Only if you put the sun there you put the sun there did the did the movementsmovements of the other planets of the other planets in the sky in t

25、he sky make sensemake sense.lead to(prep.)+n./pron./doing/wh-clause lead to(prep.)+n./pron./doing/wh-clause 通向通向;导导致致 that,whether,wh-that,whether,wh-都可以引都可以引导导同位同位语语从句从句对对先行名先行名词补词补充充说说明明only if(only if(只有只有)if only()if only(要是要是就好就好)都引都引导导条件状条件状语语从句从句;only if;only if+clause+clause主句要主句要进进行部分倒装行部分倒

26、装,而而if onlyif only常引常引导导虚虚拟拟条件句。条件句。make sense make sense make sense ofmake sense of 在某一方面在某一方面;就某种意就某种意义义来来说说 in no sense in no sense make no make no sensesense There is no senseThere is no sense .做做没有意没有意义义有道理有道理;讲讲得通得通理解理解;明白明白in a/some sensein a/some sense决不是决不是;绝绝非非没有意没有意义义/道理道理(in)doing sth(in

27、)doing sth 2.The 2.The changes he made to the old theory were changes he made to the old theory were revolutionaryrevolutionary he placed a fixed sun at the centre of he placed a fixed sun at the centre of the solar system the solar system with the planets going round it with the planets going round

28、 it and and only the moon still going around the earth.only the moon still going around the earth.revolutionary n.revolutionary n.革命者革命者;adj.;adj.革命的革命的,旋旋转转的的 vi.vi.参加革命参加革命 adj.adj.向外卷的向外卷的 vt.vt.彻彻底改底改变变;使使革命化革命化 n.n.革命革命,旋旋转转 with+o.+o.c(v-ing/v-ed/to do/n./adj./adv./prep.with+o.+o.c(v-ing/v-ed/

29、to do/n./adj./adv./prep.phrase)phrase)e.g:He left home,with the door e.g:He left home,with the door open/lockedopen/locked.He went out,with the light He went out,with the light on/burning.on/burning.He came in,with a book He came in,with a book in his hand/not to readin his hand/not to read.revolute

30、revoluterevolutionizerevolutionizerevolutionrevolution3.His 3.His friends were friends were enthusiastic enthusiastic and encouraged him and encouraged him to publish his ideas,but Copernicus was to publish his ideas,but Copernicus was cautiouscautious.be enthusiastic about be enthusiastic about 对对充

31、充满热满热情情;热热衷于衷于;喜喜爱爱 cautious adj.cautious adj.小心的，小心的，谨谨慎的慎的 n.n.谨谨慎慎;忠告忠告 v.v.警告警告;提醒提醒 adj.adj.劝劝告的告的;告告诫诫的的 对对持持谨谨慎慎态态度度;应谨应谨慎慎对对待待cautioncautioncautionarycautionarybe cautious aboutbe cautious about e.g:e.g:theory you put forward,you are theory you put forward,you are supposed to make your great

32、 efforts to experiment supposed to make your great efforts to experiment .There is no sense.There is no sense (publish)it before(publish)it before you prove that the theory is true,because everyone you prove that the theory is true,because everyone should be should be (caution)about the scientific(c

33、aution)about the scientific theory;meanwhile,only if you are enthusiastic theory;meanwhile,only if you are enthusiastic science,can you make sense of what the science,can you make sense of what the (revolutionary)of science is.With the basic data of(revolutionary)of science is.With the basic data of

34、 the theory the theory (collect),you must perform the(collect),you must perform the experiment to test its experiment to test its (accurate).(accurate).Eventually you can make a Eventually you can make a (conclude)(conclude)that that the scientific the scientific (enquire)can(enquire)can contribute

35、to contribute to (improve)the theory and(improve)the theory and (reject)mistakes.(reject)mistakes.Whatever Whatever it it publishingpublishingcautious cautious aboutaboutrevolution revolution collected collected accuracy accuracy conclusion conclusion enquiriesenquiriesimproving improving rejectingr

36、ejecting1).Mao Zedong is the great leader of the Chinese R_.evolution1.Fill in the blankets with proper words.2).The Invention of the computer caused a r_ in our way of living.evolution3).Sun Zhongsan is a great r_ leader.4).Yuan Longping created a r_ new way of growing rice.evolutionaryevolutionary

37、1)to have a clear meaning No matter how I tried to read it,the sentence didnt make sense.It makes sense to take care of your health.2)to be wise course of action2.make sense3.spinspunspin a topa spinning coina spinning wheelspunspinningWe span the coin to see who would have first turn.I spun around

38、to see who had spoken.4.enthusiastic:be interested in Shes very _ singing.We explain our plan,and he is very _.enthusiastic about/overenthusiasticenthusiastic enthusiasm enthusiastically She shows boundless _ for the work.She greeted him _ with a kiss.She is very _ about Eastern music.enthusiasmenth

39、usiasticallyenthusiastic5.cautious:careful to avoid risk be cautious about/of sb./sth.cautiouslyThe bank is very cautious about lending money.银行在贷款方面十分慎重。银行在贷款方面十分慎重。The guard warned me to be cautious about strangers.My father is a very cautious driver.警卫告戒我要当心陌生人。警卫告戒我要当心陌生人。我的爸爸是一位非常谨慎的司机。我的爸爸是一位非

40、常谨慎的司机。cautious;curiousa.Ive always been very _ about giving my address to strangers.b.He is very _ about the origin of mankind.cautiouscurious If you dont like Tom,you may r_ his gift.If you dont think the suggestion is suitable for you,you may r_ it.ejecteject6.reject:refuse to accept rejectan off

41、era possibilitya theoryrefuse to acceptrejectedcandidate applicant 请选用方框内所给词的适当形式填空。请选用方框内所给词的适当形式填空。Tom dreamed of joining the army when he was very young.He was very _ and made a plan to study hard.He was _ about the plan.But when he was about 16,he got a badbackward complete enthusiastic cautious

42、 rejectcautiousenthusiasticillness.Because of this,he was _ in his studies and also he was _ by the army.He was so sad that he almost fainted at the news.His parents suggested to him that he have other choices.Then he followed his parents rejectedbackward complete enthusiastic cautious rejectbackwar

43、dadvice and decided to go to the west to help those poor students after he _ his studies in the pletedbackward complete enthusiastic cautious reject用适当的介词填空。用适当的介词填空。1.The quarrel led _ the fighting between the two villagers.2.He is always positive _ trying new ideas.3.His father is very strict _ hi

44、m and strict _ his studies too.toaboutwithin4.We should base our theory _ fact.5.The photo calls up the memory of his childhood _ times.6.According to my point _ view,we should stick to our plan.onatofConclusion Eulers theory(一笔画一笔画)可以一笔画只有两种情可以一笔画只有两种情况：况：1.没有奇数顶点。没有奇数顶点。2.只有两个奇数顶点。只有两个奇数顶点。Homework1.Search on the Internet for more information about Copernicus and Euler.2.Prepare for the language study,reviewing the words and expressions in this unit.