2011届高考英语词汇总复习.ppt
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1、高三英语词汇归类总复习高三英语词汇归类总复习 纵观历届高考,从单项选择、完形填空、短文改错、单词拼写乃至阅读理解的考查无一不是对词汇的考查。到了高三,仅仅英语一科就有厚厚九本书(新 版教材),两千多单词,数不清的习语搭配和同义词,加上复 杂的语法、语音的确使英语复习显得很难而又漫无边际。怎样才能花较少的时间取得较大的复习效果?下面就历届高考 词汇考查频繁的内容,从语法、习语、辨析 和拼写等四方面将语音、词汇、语 法和拼写融为一体,谈谈英语词汇的归类总复习。一、从用法上复习归纳词汇,过语法关 英语词汇大多具有本身词义外,还有其语法功能,我们在复习时就不要把着 眼点单纯放在单词记忆上,而 要从它们
2、的语法功能上去把握它们。如在复习动 词时我们就要根据它们变化形式多、搭配活跃等特点,从它们 的用法上进行分 类记忆。这样,既可记住词汇,又可攻克语法难关。1.宾语不同,意义也不同 英语中有些动词可同时后接不定式和动名词作宾语,但意义不同。它们是高 考试题的考查重点。这类词主要有:go on doing(继续干同一件事)go on to do(接着去干另一件事)stop doing sth.(停止正在干的事)stop to do sth.(停下来去干某事)regret doing(后悔干了某事)regret to do(相当于be sorry to do)forget/remember doin
3、g(忘记记得已做过的事)forget/remember to do(忘记记得要干的事)mean doing(意味着干)mean to do(想干)try doing(尝试做)try to do(设法做)(95高考)You were brave enough to raise objections at the meeting.“Well,now I regret_ _that.A.to do B.to be doing C.to have done D.having done (92高考)I usually go there by train.“Why not _by boat for a c
4、hange?A.to try going B.trying to go C.to try and go D.try going 2.都可接宾语和宾补,形式却不同 某些动词如forbid,advise,allow,permit,admit,consider等直接接动词 作宾语时要用动名词,但接宾补时,宾补要用不定式。如:We forbid smoking here.(宾语)We forbid you to smoke here.(宾补)You are forbidden to smoke here.(主补)(87高考)They would not allow him _across the en
5、emy line.A.to risk going B.risking going C.for risk to go D.risk going 3.宾语不同、语态不同,意义却相同 有些词如need,require,want,deserve等后可接不定式(要用被动形式),可接动名词(要用主动形式表被 动意义),可与worth,worthy一并记忆。两种 形式意义相同。如:The room requires to be cleaned/cleaning.(85高考)This sentence needs_.A.an improvement B.improve C.improving D.improv
6、ed 4.只接不定式作宾语的词和词组 只接不定式作宾语的词和词组有:decide,expect,refuse,wish,hope,order,promise,pretend,offer,happen,seem,make up ones mind,used,be about,be able,have等。如:he pretended _me when I passed by.A.not to see B.not seeing C.to not see D.having not seen 5.只接动名词作宾语的词和词组 只接动名词作宾语的词和词组 mind,risk,avoid,enjoy,exca
7、pe,keep,suggest,appreciate,practise,delay,finish,feel like,look forward to,cant help,keep(on),miss,be used to,excuse,be worth,imagine,put off,give up等。如:(92高考)I would appreciate _back this afternoon.A.you to call B.you call C.your calling D.you are calling (87高考)The squirrel was lucky that it just m
8、issed_.A.catching B.to be caught C.being caught D.to catch 6.半系动词 半系动词后可用名词、不定式、分词和形容词等作表语,这类词有:表感观的系动词:look,sound,taste,smell,feel(这些词用形容词作表语),seem,appear 表变化的系动词:become,get,turn,grow,make,come,go,fall,run 表依旧的系动词:remain,keep,stay,stand,lie,可带名词作表语的系动词:be,become,make,sound,prove,remain,turn(该词后接的单数
9、名词 前多不用冠词。如:He turned teacher.)(91高考)These oranges taste_.A.good B.well C .to be good D.to be well 7.含被动意味的动词 有些动词,如 sell,open,close,wash,teach,burn,measure,cut,lock,cost,read,write,tear,wear,pull,clean,add,cook,等,它们的主语是事物,且又是表示 主语的固有特征和状态,与行为方式状语连 用时,要用主动形式表被动意义:My pen writes smoothly.我的笔好写。Oil bur
10、ns easily.油易燃烧。(88高考)That suit _over 60 dollars.A.had costed B.costed C.is cost D.cost(97高考)Is this raincoat yours?“No,mine _there behind the door.A.is hanging B.has hung C.hangs D.hung Can you see the picture_(挂 )on the wall?8.具有两种形式的易混动词 中学英语教材中有些不规则动词有两种过去式或两种过去分词形式,使用或 考测时极易弄混。如:hang,hanged,hang
11、ed(绞死)hang,hung,hung(挂起)light,lit,lit(点燃,作谓语)light,lighted,lighted(过去分词作形容词用时,意谓燃烧着的,作 定语)drink,drank,drunk/drunken(喝,饮;过去分词作形容词同时,意谓醉的,drunk多作表语,drunken多作定语)sink,sank,sunk/sunken(下沉;过去分词sunken作形容词用时,作定语)bear,bore,born(出生)bear,bore,borne(结果;生育)lie(撒谎),lied,lied,lying lie(躺,卧,位于),lay,lain,lying(89高考)
12、Do you know the boy _under the big tree?A.lay B.lain C.laying D.lying The woman,who was born in 1940,has borne five children.二、从搭配上复习归纳词汇,过习语关 英语词汇的搭配十分活跃,复习时我们要把重点放在某些常用的动词、名词 或介词、副词。我们可按下列 方式进行对比归纳。1.常用的搭配活跃的名词 常用的搭配较活跃的名词有:time,way,moment,means等。如time的搭配短语在中学教材中出现有:in no time(立刻,马上),on time(按时),i
13、n time(及时、迟早),at a time(一次),behind the times(落伍),behind time(不及时,晚点),at one time(曾经),for a time(一度),at other times(其它时候,平素)at times(有时候),at all times(一直,经常)(93高考)If you keep on,you will succeed_.A.in time B at on time C.on time D.at the same time(94高考)Dont all speak at once!_,please.A.Each at on tim
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