长难句的理解.ppt

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1、长难句理解 2 I pulled out my phone to read a text message from my mom saying that we were leaving for Christmas shopping for him when I came across a message on my phone that I had locked.3 56.The idea for a special gift began to form when the author was _.A.doing shopping B.having a debate C.reading a m

2、essage D.leaving for Wyoming C该题正确答案就是根据这一长句推断的。该句的主干是I pulled out my phone to read a text message from my mom，而 saying that we were leaving for Christmas shopping for him是Verbing短 语 作 定 语 修 饰 主 干 中 的 名 词 a text message；when I came across a message on my phone是时间状语从句，that I had locked是定语从句修饰先行词a mes

3、sage。由此可知答案为C。思路点拨思路点拨 在在阅阅读读理理解解中中，考考生生会会经经常常碰碰到到许许多多结结构构复复杂杂的的句句子子，也也就就是是所所谓谓的的长长难难句句。命命题题者者在在句句子子理理解解难难度度上上大大做做文文章章，无无非非是是想想通通过过增增加加句句子子长长度度和和使使用用复复杂杂结结构构来来干干扰扰考考生生正正常常的的阅阅读读习习惯惯和和思思维维方方式式，从从而而达达到到考考查查考考生生综综合合阅阅读读能能力力的的目目的的。长长难难句句在在阅阅读读理理解解中中容容易易给给考考生生造造成成阅阅读读障障碍碍，形形成成一一种种心心理理压力，使考生失分。压力，使考生失分。一、

4、长难句的基本特征一、长难句的基本特征 (一一)含多重从句和修饰语的复合句。含多重从句和修饰语的复合句。这这些些句句子子往往往往较较长长，一一个个从从句句套套着着另另一一个个从从句句，环环环环相相扣扣，使使得得考考生生不不明明白白整整个个句句子子结结构构。考考生生应应通通过过仔仔细细分分析析找找出出主主干干和和修修饰饰成分，这样整个句子结构就清晰了。成分，这样整个句子结构就清晰了。(二)分隔结构和成分省略的干扰。为了调整语气和增加补充信息，更主要的是为了平衡句子结构，避免头重脚轻，使语义严密，结构紧凑，英语中将语法关系密切的两个句子成分用其他语法成分分隔开来，这就是所谓的分隔结构。考试中出现较多

5、的是插入语、用破折号插入的新话题或补充信息。此外，还有一些句子成分(一般是定语)过长而出现后置，只不过它只是句子原有成分位置的调整，没有新增信息。省略主要是为了避免重复，突出关键词并使上下文紧密连接。成分省略一般和从句相结合，一正一反，使句子富于变化，增强表现力。(三)正常语序的改变。改变语序主要指倒装句式。这些句子往往和一些副词、连词相关，有明显的标志。当然，被动句、双重否定句等句式在阅读考试中也屡屡出现。希望考生能结合阅读实践来体会上述句法特征。二、长难句的理解技巧 一般说来，长难句理解主要采用“主干成分分析法”，按“先干后枝”的原则处理，即按“主句从句修饰语”的顺序进行。具体步骤如下：第

6、一步：整句结构分析。第一步：整句结构分析。通过语法分析，迅速弄清整个句子的结构，把握住句子的基本框架，确定整个句子是简单句、并列句还是复合句。例句：“I felt there was a need for a book like this.”she says.“I didnt want to lecture,but I wanted other diabetics（糖尿病患者）to know that things get better when were self controlled and do our part in managing the disease.”分分析析：整整个个句句子

7、子是是个个简简单单句句，即即：she says“”。只只不不过过，前前后后两两个个引引号号为为两两个个并并列列的的宾宾语语从从句句。第第一一处处引引号号“I felt there was a need for a book like this.”的的主主语语为为I，felt后后跟跟了了一一个个宾宾语语从从句句“there was a need for a book like this”。第第二二处处引引号号“I didnt want to lecture,butmanaging the disease.”由由but连连接接两两个个分分句句，第第二二个个分分句句有有主主句句I wanted ot

8、her diabetics to know，宾宾语语从从句句that things get better 及及时时间间状状语语从从句句when were selfcontrolled and do our part in managing the disease。第二步：主干成分确定。找出句子的核心成分，确定主句的主语和谓语。例 句：Miss Germaines mother looked anxious through the wedding and Mr.Cordells parents are reported to be less than delighted.分析：本句由两个分句组成

9、，and连接两个并列单句。句意：Germaine小姐的母亲在整个婚礼过程中看上去很焦虑，Cordell先生的父母亲据报道也不开心。第三步：从句功能分析。找出句中从句的引导词，分析从句类型(是否为定语从句、名词性从句或状语从句等)和从句之间及从句和主句之间的关系。例 句：Whereas a womans closest female friend might be the first to tell her to leave a failing marriage，it wasnt unusual to hear a man say he didnt know his friends marria

10、ge was in serious trouble until he appeared one night asking if he could sleep on the sofa.分析：whereas引导了一个从句，即 a womans closest female friend might be the first to tell her to leave a failing marriage,而it wasnt unusual to hear aif he could sleep on the sofa.为主句，其中it为形式主语，真正的主语为不定式 to hear a man。省略to

11、的不定式say作宾语补足语，say后面接了一个宾语从句he didnt know，know后面又接了一个宾语从句his friends marriage was in serious trouble和时间状语从句until he appeared one night，现在分词短语asking 作伴随状语，asking 后面又接了一个宾语从句if he could sleep on the sofa。句句意意：一一个个女女人人最最亲亲密密的的女女友友，很很可可能能第第一一个个奉奉劝劝她她结结束束不不幸幸的的婚婚姻姻。然然而而，我我们们常常听听到到男男人人说说，他他是是在在朋朋友友突突然然来来到到

12、自自己己家家里里并并要要求求睡睡在沙发上时，才明白朋友的婚姻有了麻烦。在沙发上时，才明白朋友的婚姻有了麻烦。第四步：短语功能分析。第四步：短语功能分析。找出非谓语动词短语、介词短语、形容词短语、名词短语等短语，分析其功能以及它们与谓语动词/非谓语动词/从句/主句之间的关系等。例 句：Decades later,however,plastics very durability(耐用性)is raising questions about how appropriate it is for onetime products such as plastic bags,or shortlived co

13、nsumer goods,used in the home for a few years and then cast into a landfill where they will degrade for centuries.分分析析：主主句句为为plastics_very_durability_(耐耐用用性性)_is_raising_questions，how引引导导介介词词后后的的宾宾语语从从句句，usedand then cast为为过过去去分分词词短短语语作作定定语语修修饰饰前前面面的的名名词词，where引导定语从句修饰名词引导定语从句修饰名词landfill。译译文文：然然而而几

14、几十十年年后后，塑塑料料的的耐耐用用性性受受到到了了质质疑疑，那那就就是是使使用用一一次次性性的的产产品品比比如如塑塑料料袋袋或或者者一一次次性性的的消消费费品品，在在家家里里使使用用几几年年之之后后扔扔到到垃垃圾堆里好几个世纪才能降解合理吗？圾堆里好几个世纪才能降解合理吗？练习:1.The minute I saw the look on my dads face as he unwrapped those swirling black letters carefully placed in a cheap frame,I knew I had given the perfect gift.

15、【基础练习】译文：在看到父亲打开仔细镶嵌于一个廉价框架，并看到那些龙飞凤舞的黑色文字时的表情的那一刻，我就知道我送的礼物非常完美了。2.Arriving in 1805,he wrote a letter complaining that it was a place of“mess and drunkenness”结结构构：主主句句为为he_ wrote _a_ letter,_ complaining that为为非非谓谓语语动动词词形形式式作作伴伴随随状状语语；引引导导宾宾语语从从句句，Arriving in 1805作作状语状语。译文：他1805年到达，写了一封投诉信，抱怨说，这是一个

16、醉醺醺的一团糟的地方。3.It is also said that on occasion Byron swam naked by moonlight in the lake,which is now known as Byrons Pool.结结构构：主主句句为为It_is_also_said，that引引导导主主语语从从句句，naked_by_moonlight是是形形容容词词短短语语作作状状语语，which引引导导非非限限制制性性定定语语从从句句修修饰饰先行词先行词lake。译文：人们说，拜伦偶尔会在河里借着月光裸泳。这条河也就是现在闻名的“拜伦池”。4.The material,mad

17、e from shrimp(虾)shells and proteins produced from silk,is called“shrilk”结 构：主 句 为 The _material _is_ called_“shrilk”.made from是过去分词短语作定语修饰The_material，produced from silk同样是过去分词短语修饰proteins。译译文文：这这种种名名为为“虾虾客客”的的物物质质，是是由由虾虾壳和丝绸构建的蛋白所组成的。壳和丝绸构建的蛋白所组成的。5.If you ask people to name one person who had the

18、greatest effect on the English language,you will get answers like“Shakespeare”，“Samuel Johnson”，and“Webster”，but none of these men had any effect at all compared to a man who didnt even speak English William the Conqueror.分分析析：首首先先找找出出并并列列复复合合句句，即即butbut连连接接的的两两个个句句子子，再再看看butbut前前的的并并列列句句中中有有一一个个ifi

19、f引引导导的的条条件件状状语语从从句句，butbut后后的的并并列列句句中中有有一一个个whowho引引导导的的定定语语从从句句，修修饰饰a a manman。句句意意：如如果果你你要要求求别别人人说说出出对对英英语语的的影影响响最最大大的的人人，你你可可能能会会 得得 到到 像像“ShakespeareShakespeare”，“Samuel Samuel JohnsonJohnson”和和 “WebsterWebster”之之类类的的答答案案。但但是是与与一一个个甚甚至至不不会会说说英英语语的的人人“征征服服者者”WilliamWilliam相比，这些人就毫无影响力了。相比，这些人就毫无影

20、响力了。6.Premier Li Keqiang on Monday congratulated herbal expert Tu Youyou on winning the 2015 Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine,the first Chinese woman national to win a Nobel prize in science.Tus winning the prize signifies Chinas prosperity and progress in scientific and technological field,ma

21、rks a great contribution of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)to the cause of human health,and showcases Chinas growing strengths and rising international standing,Li said in a congratulatory letter.7.Typhoon Mujigae has claimed 19 lives and left four people missing since it landed in south Chinas Guangdong Province Sunday,the local government said Tuesday.When the typhoon landed,power supply facilities were damaged in parts of Guangdong,Guangxi and Hainan,causing a blackout for nearly 5 million households.