名词性从句 (7).ppt

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1、MODULE 3 UNIT 1Noun Clause A)试比较以下句子，分析划线部分在句子中充当的成分。a)Hisjobisimportant.Whathedoesisimportant._b)Thisishisjob.Thisiswhathedoeseveryday._主语表语Lead-inc)Idontlikehisjob.Idontlikewhathedoeseveryday._d)Idontknowabouttheman,Mr.White.Idontknowaboutthefactthatheisateacher._宾语同位语B)指出下列句子是何种主从复合句，并将从句用下划线标出。1

2、.Whenwewillstartisnotclear.2.Thattheearthisroundisafact.3.Mrs.Blackwontbelievethathersonhasbecomeathief.4.Myideaisthatweshoulddoitrightnow.5.Ihadnoideathatyouwereherfriend.主语从句主语从句宾语从句表语从句同位语从句名词性从句 在复合句中起名词作用的从句叫做名词性从句。名词性从句包括：主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句。主语从句 在复合句中起主语作用的从句叫主语从句。引导词有：连词引导词有：连词that,whethert

3、hat,whether；代词；代词who,what,who,what,whichwhich；副词；副词when,where,why,howwhen,where,why,how等等。a)that,whether引导的主语从句Thatwewillbelateiscertain.ThatJayChouisafamoussingerisknowntous.Whetherhewillbeabletocomeisnotyetknown.Whethershescomingornotdoesntmatertoomuch.归纳归纳：that在主语从句中_（有/无）意义，_（能/不能）省略后接完整的陈述句陈述句。

4、whether在主语从句中意为_，_（能/不能）省略，后接完整的陈述句陈述句，不能与if替换。无不能是否不能翻译：1)我们赢得了比赛，令所有人都很兴奋。_excitedallthepeople.2)他是否能上好大学取决于他自己。_dependsonhimself.ThatwewonthegameWhetherhecanattendagooduniversityb)疑问词who,what,which;when,where,why,how引导的主语从句Whatweneedismoretime.Whichcountrytheywillgotoisstillunknown.Wherehewillgos

5、urprisedme.Whytheyhadleftearlierpuzzledme.归纳归纳：疑问词who,what,which;when,where,why,how在主语从句_（能/不能）省略，_（充当/不充当）成分。不能充当翻译：1)你决定买哪辆车不会有任何区别。_makesnodifference.2)运动会什么时候举行还是个问题。_isstillaquestion.3)电话如何工作的，令我困惑。_puzzlesme.WhichcaryoudecidetobuyWhenthesportsmeetingwillbeheldHowthetelephoneworksc)it it作形式主语引导

6、的主语从句作形式主语引导的主语从句为避免句子头重脚轻，通常借助于it作形式主语，将主语从句放在句尾。如：That we will be lateiscertain.=Itiscertainthat we will be late.Which country they will go toisstillunknown.=Itisstillunknownwhich country they will go to.将下列句子换成it作形式主语。1)Thatyoumissedthechanceisapity.=_2)Whethershescomingornotdoesntmatertoomuch.=_

7、3)Whowillgotothemeetingisnotimportant.=_4)Whichteamwillwinthegameisnotclear.=_Itisapitythatyoumissedthechance.Itdoesntmattertoomuchwhethershescomingornot.Itisnotimportantwhowillgotothemeeting.Itisnotclearwhichteamwillthegame.d)it作形式主语引导的主语从句&强调句&it is when 句型 1)it引导的主语从句，主要是为了平衡句子结构，主语从句的连接词没有变化。2)i

8、t引导的强调句是对句子某一成分进行强调，其结构为It is that/who(whom)，将该结构去掉之后，句子结构仍然完整。3)It is+时间点+when 当时已是时间了，该句型中when引导时间状语从句 请分析下列句子的句型：1)Itisapitythatyoudidntgotoseethefilm._2)Itisinthemorningthatthemurdertookplace._3)Itdoesntinterestmewhetheryousucceedornot._4)ItisJohnthatbrokethewindow._5)Itwas10oclockintheeveningwh

9、enhecameback._6)ItisnotdecidedwhenhewillgotoAmerica._主语从句强调句主语从句强调句时间状语从句主语从句e)it作形式主语常用句型作形式主语常用句型1)Itis+n.+that从句eg.Itisafact/asurprise/commonknowledge/apitythat2)Itis+adj.+that从句eg.Itisnecessary/important/obvious/natural/possible/likelythat3)Itis+过去分词+that从句eg.Itissaid/believed/reported/known/dec

10、idedthat4)It+不及物动词+that从句eg.Itseems/appears/happens/occurs(tome)thatPractice:1)Itnowappears_theyareinneedofhelp.A.thatB.whichC.whatD.how2)Itisgoodnews_theywillarriveinafewdays.A.whichB.whatC.thatD.how3)It_Joedrivesbadly.A.thoughtthatB.thinksthatC.isthoughtthatD.isthought4)It_heislateforclass.A.mayth

11、atB.mightthatC.maybethatD.mightbewhat5)_thebabycouldspeakmadehisparentsveryhappy.A.ThatB.WhatC.WhyD.If6)_isnopossibility_Bobcanwinthefirstprizeinthematch.A.There;thatB.It;whatC.There;whetherD.It;whether7)Togetthejobstarted,_Ineedisfromhere.A.onlywhatB.allwhatC.allthatD.onlythat8)Insomecountries_isca

12、lled“equality”doesntreallymeanequalrightsforallpeople.A.whichB.whatC.thatD.one9)_youdontlikehimisnoneofmybusiness.A.WhatB.whoC.ThatD.Whether宾语从句 在复合句中起宾语作用的从句叫宾语从句。引导词有：连词引导词有：连词that,whether/if；代词；代词who,what,which；副词；副词when,where,why,how等等。a)动词+宾语从句1)that,whether/if引导的宾语从句我告诉他我会很快回来的。Itoldhim_.他问我是否

13、有字典。Heaskedme_adictionary.他说他很喜欢雨，不会打伞。Hesaid_verymuchand_anumbrella.归纳：归纳：单个的宾语从句中连词that_（可以/不可以）省略；宾语从句中大多数情况下whether与if_（可以/不可以）互换；如果宾语从句是并列的，则从句中第一个连词that可以省略，但第二个that不能省略。(that)Iwouldbebacksoonwhether/ifIhadhelikedrainwouldnotuse可以可以2)代词what,who,which；副词why,when,where,how等引导的宾语从句 我真得不知道他现在在做什么。

14、Ireallydontknow_doing.他问我他能乘哪辆车去上海。Heaskedme_toShanghai.他想知道火车什么时候出发去北京。Hewondered_leaveforBeijing.他问我小提琴付了多少钱。Heaskedme_theviolin.归纳：归纳：宾语从句采用_语序。陈述whathewaswhich carhetakecanwhen thetrainwouldhowmuchIpaidforb)介词+宾语从句她对她所过的事情有点担心。Shefeltalittle_she_.关于是否会修建大桥还没有消息。Thereisnonews_abridge_.c)形容词+宾语从句（

15、常见的有happy,glad,certain,sure,afraid,surprised,worried,aware,anxious,confident,sorry,disappoint,satisfied等）我不确定以前是否见过他。I_Ihavemethimbefore.worriedaboutwhathaddoneaboutwhetherwillbebuiltamnotcertainwhetherd)it作形式宾语，将真正的宾语移至句尾，保持句子平衡。他让公众了解到他做了一份很重要的工作。He_tothepublic_animportantjob.我觉得我们做好作业是必须的。I_wesho

16、ulddothehomework.归纳：归纳：在it作形式宾语的宾语从句中that不能省略。madeitknownthathedidfinditnecessarythatPractice:1)Theteacherasked_Iwasgettingonwithmyclassmates.A.whatB.thatC.howD.if2)Wethought_strangethatshedidntcomeyesterday.A.thatB.itC.thisD.what3)Thephotographswillshowyou_.A.whatdoesourvillagelooklikeB.whatourvill

17、agelookslikeC.howdoesourvillagelooklikeD.howourvillagelookslike4)Youcanhardlyimagine_whenheheardthenews.A.howhewasexcitedB.howwasheexcitedC.howexcitedhewasD.hewashowexcited5)Youmustdowell_theteacherasksyoutodo.A.whichB.whatC.thatD.where表语从句 在复合句中位于系动词之后，充当表语的从句叫做表语从句。引导词有：连词that,whether,because,asif

18、/though；代词what,who,which；副词why,when,where,howa)that,whether,because,asif/though引导的表语从句问题在于我们无法与他取得联系。_wecantgetintouchwithhim.问题是这本书是否值得一读。Thequestionis_.那是因为我起床晚了。Thats_.天看起来似乎要下雨了。Itlooked_itwasgoingtorain.归纳：归纳：表语从句中连词that,whether,because,asif/though只起连接作用，不充当任何成分，that_（能/不能）省略。Theproblemisthatwh

19、etherthebookisworthreadingbecauseIgotuplateasif不能b)代词what,who,which；副词why,when,where,how引导的表语从句问题是我们中哪个人应该去。Thequestionis_shouldgo.那就是我迟到的原因。Thats_.c)注意点1)我们不能相信他的理由就是他经常说谎。Thereason_wedidnttrusthimis_hehasoftenlied如果主语为reason，表语从句连词只能用_。2)如果句子的主语是suggestion,advice.order,demand,proposal等名词时,后面引导的表语从

20、句用should+动词原形,should可省略.e.g.他的建议是我们应该马上完成工作.Hissuggestionis_.whichofuswhyIwaslatewhythatthatweshouldfinishtheworkatoncethatPractice:1)Thequestionis_wecantgotheretoday.A.thatB.whatC.whichD.when2)Thereasonhehasmadesuchgreatprogressis_hehasneverwastedhistime.A.becauseB.whyC.thatD.what3)Myadviceisthathe

21、_schoolbybike.A.gotoB.wouldgotoC.goestoD.wentto4)_shecouldntunderstandwas_fewerandfewerstudentsshowedinterestinherlessons.A.What;whyB.That;whatC.What;becauseD.Why;that5)Thisis_hewasoftenlateforschool.A.whatB.thatC.whyD.whether 同位语从句 同位语是指在内容上对其所修饰的名词作进一步的说明的一种句子成分。如果这个同位语由一个从句来充当，那么这个从句叫做同位语从句。引导词：连

22、词that,whether；代词what,who,which；副词why,when,where,howa)that,whether引导的同位语从句电脑能够识别人声的想法让很多人惊讶。Theidea_humanvoices_manypeople.他们问了我一个问题，这部电影是否值得看。Theyaskedme_.b)疑问词what,who,which;why,when,where,how引导的同位语从句谁应该做这份工作的问题需要考虑。_requiresconsideration.我不知道他什么时候会回来。Ihavenoidea_.归纳：同位语从句一般跟在idea,fact,news,questio

23、n,suggestion,possibility,truth等抽象名词后面，同位语从句通常用that引导，无具体意义，不能省略。that computer canrecognizesurprisesaquestionwhetherthefilmisworthwatchingWhoshoulddotheworkwhenhewillcomebackc)同位语从句&定语从句的区别1）定语从句是先行词的修饰语，它不涉及先行词的具体内容。定语从句中that不但起连接作用，而且在定语从句中充当一个句子成分，充当从句的宾语成分时可省略。2）同位语从句对中心词的内容作进一步的解释和说明，表明中心词的具体内容。

24、引导同位语从句的that在同位语从句中不做任何成分,只起连接作用,无具体含义,且不可省略。Thesuggestion(that)shehasputforwardisverygood.Thesuggestionthatwecleantheclassroombyturnsisverygood.Istillrememberthedayswhenweenjoyedourselves.Ihavenoideawhenhewillbeback.定语从句同位语从句定语从句同位语从句请区分同位语从句与定语从句：1)Weexpressedthehopethattheyhadexpressed._2)Weexpre

25、ssedthehopethattheywouldcometoChinaagain._3)Theinformationhasbeenannouncedthatmoremiddleschoolgraduateswillbeadmittedintouniversity._4)Theinformationthathegaveatthemeetingisofgreatvalue._5)Thefirstrequestthathemadewastoaskforfreedom._6)Hemadeanexcusethathiscarbrokedownontheway._定语从句同位语从句同位语从句同位语从句定语

26、从句定语从句d)注意点：名词demand,suggestion,proposal,advice 等词后的同位语从句的语气要用虚拟语气,结构为 should+do,should 可省略Practice:1)Thesuggestionthathe_atthemeetingwasagreedtobymostpeople.A.shouldputforwardB.putforwardC.shouldlookforwardD.lookedforward2)Weallknowthetruth_theearthgoesroundthesun.A.thatB.which C.whatD.whether3)Weh

27、eardthenews_ourteamhadwon.A.whichB.thatC.whatD.where4)Theproblem_itisrightorwronghasnotyetbeendecided.A.whichB.thatC.whetherD.if5)Theresafeelinginme_wellneverknowwhataUFOis-notever.A.thatB.whichC.ofwhichD.what6)Itremainsaquestion_wecangetsomuchmoneyinsuchashorttime.A.howB.thatC.whenD.what名词性从句注意点：1)

28、that的省略：单个宾语从句中that可以省略；that不能省略的情况：主语从句，表语从句，同位语从句，并列的宾语从句中第二个that，it作形式宾语的宾语从句1)Idontthink_sheiscoming.2)Itisapity_hehasmadesuchamistake.3)Thereasonis_heiscareless.4)Thenews_ourteamwonthematchinspiredus.5)Idontthinkitnecessary_youshouldreadEnglishaloud.6)Hetoldme_hisfatherhaddiedand_hehadtomakeali

29、vingalone.(that)thatthatthatthatthat(that)2)that与what的区别that在名词性从句中只起连接作用，无意义，不充当任何成分；what在名词性从句中充当一定成分（主语，宾语，表语）。1)_hewantsisabook.2)_hewantstogothereisobvious.3)Theresultis_wewonthegame.4)Thisis_wewanttoknow.5)Is_hetoldustrue?6)Weshouldpayattentionto_theteacherissaying.7)Ihavenodoubt_hewillcome.8)

30、Ihavenoidea_hedidthatafternoon.WhatThatthatwhatwhatwhatthatwhat 3)if与whether a)在宾语从句中，大多数情况下whether与if可互换；b)主语从句，表语从句，同位语从句，修饰介词的宾语从句只能用whether；c)连词后直接跟不定式to do，只能用whether；d)从句中出现or not，只能用whether。1)I asked her _ she had a bike.2)_ we will hold a party in the open air tomorrow depends on the weather

31、.3)Were worried about _ he is safe.4)I dont know _ he is well or not.5)I dont know _ or not he is well.6)The question is _ he should do it.7)The doctor can hardly answer the question _ the old man will recover soon.8)I dont know _ to go.whether/ifWhetherwhetherwhetherwhetherwhetherwhetherwhether 4)名

32、词性从句的时态1.如果主句时态是现在时或将来时,从句谓语可根据句意需要而选用任一种时态a.他相信他的梦想总有一天会实现的.Hebelieves_.b.请告诉我你昨天这个时候在干什么.Pleasetellme_.2.如果主句谓语是过去时,从句谓语动词一般用过去的某种时态,但从句表达的是客观事实、真理、自然规律等时，从句谓语通常用一般现在时。他告诉我他正在为考试做准备。Hetoldme_.他说他已离开家乡十年了。Hetoldme_.老师告诉我们地球绕着太阳转。Theteachertoldus_.(that)hisdreamwillcometrueonedaywhatwereyoudoingatth

33、istimeyesterday(that)hewaspreparingfortheexam(that)hehadbeenawayfromhishometownfor10years(that)theearthtravelsaroundthesun5)疑问词+ever和nomatter+疑问词的区别：疑问词+ever可引导名词性从句，在主从句中要充当一定的部分。任何打破规则的人必须受惩罚。_mustbepunished.你可以在店里挑选任何你喜欢的东西。Youcanchoose_intheshop.疑问词+ever还可引导让步状语从句。如：任何打破规则的人必须受惩罚。_,hemustbepunis

34、hed.不管你做什么，你都必须做好。_,youmustdoitwell.nomatter+疑问词只能引导让步状语从句。不管你做什么，你都必须做好。_,youmustdoitwell.Nomatterwhobreakstherule,hemustbepunished.WhoeverbreaksthelawwhateveryoulikeWhoever breaksthelawWhateveryoudoNomatteryouwhatdo6)在order，suggest，demand，request，advise，beanxiousthat等所接的宾语从句中用should型虚拟语气。should常省略

35、。在order，suggestion等名词后同位语从句，表语从句中用should型虚拟语气，可省略should。1)_knowsthetruthwilltellyouaboutit.A.WhothatB.WhoeverC.WhomthatD.Thatwho2)Hisproposalisthatthedam_atthefootofthemountain.A.buildB.willbuildC.bebuiltD.willbebuilt3)Theproblem_itisrightorwronghasnotyetbeendecided.A.whichB.that C.whetherD.if4)_all

36、theinventionshaveincommonis_theyhavesucceeded.A.What;whatB.That;thatC.what;thatD.That;what5)_appearedtomethatheenjoyedthefoodverymuch.A.WhatB.ItC.AllthatD.That6)Parentsaretaughttounderstand_importanteducationistotheirchildrensfuture.A.thatB.howC.such D.soExercise7)Greatchangeshavetakenplaceinthatsch

37、ool.Itisnolonger_itwas20yearsago,_itwassopoorlyequipped.A.what;whenB.that;whichC.what;whichD.which;that8)Thephotographswillshowyou_.A.whatdoesourvillagelooklikeB.whatourvillagelookslikeC.howdoesourvillagelooklikeD.howourvillagelookslike9)Itisstrangethathe_youthis.A.wouldtellB.shouldtellC.hadtoldD.ha

38、stold10)Whatthedoctorsreallydoubtis_mymotherwillrecoverfromtheseriousdiseasesoon.A.whenB.ifC.whetherD.why11)Iwassurprisedbyherwords,whichmademerecognize_sillymistakesIhadmade.A.whatB.thatC.howD.which 12)Theteacherdemandedthatthework_before4oclock.A.finishedB.befinishedC.shouldfinishD.finish13)Hissuggestionthatyou_oncemoresoundsreasonable.A.tryB.triesC.musttryD.cantry14)Scientiststhinkthatthecontinents_alwayswherethey_today.A.arent;are B.arent;wereC.werent;areD.werent;were15)Hurryup!AliceandSuearewaitingforyouattheschoolgate.Oh!Ithoughtthey_withoutme.AwentBaregoingChavegoneDhadgone