被动语态专题讲座.ppt

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1、专专 题题The Passive Voice 被被 动动 语语 态态 乐土中学乐土中学 黄爱侠黄爱侠中考要求：中考要求：1 1、掌握语态基本概念；、掌握语态基本概念；2 2、熟悉常见语态转换；、熟悉常见语态转换；3 3、在语篇中理解和运用被动语态。、在语篇中理解和运用被动语态。复习重点复习重点:1.1.一般现在时，一般过去时，一般将来时，现在完成一般现在时，一般过去时，一般将来时，现在完成时的被动语态；时的被动语态；2.2.一般现在时带情态动词的被动语态。一般现在时带情态动词的被动语态。复习难点复习难点:1.1.被动语态中被动语态中bebe形的确定；形的确定；2.2.主动语态中省略主动语态中省

2、略toto的宾补在被动语态中须补上的宾补在被动语态中须补上to.to.一、基本概念复习一、基本概念复习1、观察结构、观察结构执行者执行者 +及物动词及物动词+承受者承受者 Workers make cars in this factory.主主 谓谓 宾宾承受者承受者+be+及物动词过去分词及物动词过去分词+(by+执行者执行者)Cars are made (by workers)in this factory.主主 谓谓 2、总结概念：、总结概念：谓语动词的谓语动词的执行者执行者作主语，用作主语，用_语态。语态。谓语动词的谓语动词的承受者承受者作主语，用作主语，用_语语态。态。主动主动被动被

3、动口诀各种时态的被动语态的基本形式各种时态的被动语态的基本形式1.一般现在时一般现在时 isamare+P.P(过去分词过去分词)2.一般过去时一般过去时 waswere+P.P3.一般将来时一般将来时 will be+P.P4.现在完成时现在完成时 havehas been+P.P5.含有情态动词含有情态动词 can/may/must be+P.P二何时使用被动语态何时使用被动语态？不知道或没必要说明动作的执行者是谁This watch is made in China强调动作的承受者而不强调动作的执行者。Chinese is spoken by more and more people i

4、n the world.口诀口诀：谁做的动作不知道，说出谁做的没必要，动作承受者需强调，被动语态运用到。三 主动语态变被动语态的变法主动语态变被动语态的变法：将主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语，若主动句中的宾语是人称代词，将宾格变成 主格。把主动句中的主语变为被动句的宾语，主格变成宾格，并由by引导。谓语动词变成相应的被动形式。口诀口诀：宾变主，主变宾，谓变be done,时不变。数格必须随被变。四：特殊情况的被动语态特殊情况的被动语态。1，带双宾语的被动语态：动词+sb间宾+sth直宾。口诀：如遇双宾语，一般变间宾，若把直宾变to/for间宾连。give/pass/show 与介词to搭配。

5、buy/make/cook与介词for搭配。2.带省to的不定式作宾补的被动语态：动词+sb+do sth.口诀口诀：感使动词真叫怪，to来to去记心怀，主动语态to离去，被动语态to回来。动词：make/let/see/hear等make sb do sth-sb+be+made+to do sth 3.在see/hear/notice+sb+doing sth句型中，变被动语态时doing不变。4.以动词短语作谓语的主动语态变被动语态时不可丢掉后面的介词或副词。四主动结构表被动意义四主动结构表被动意义。open,lock,write,read,sell,clean,wash,cut,等词做

6、不及物动词时，他们的主语为物，可用主动语态表被动意义。look,sound,taste,smell等系动词用主动结构表被动意义。在be worth doing 中，doing表被动意义。want/need/require+doing相当于want/need/require+to be done，to be done 表示不定时的被动结构。五五。不用被动语态的情况：1 主动句的宾语是each other或反身代词时，不能用于被动语态。2 当主动句的谓语动词是表状态的及物动词时，不能用于被动语态。3 主动句的宾语是不定式或动名词时，不能用于被动语态中的主语。六六。被动语态和系表结构的区别。1 被动

7、语态表示以主语为动作的承受者，而系表结构则表示主语的特点或所处的状态。2 系表结构中的过去分词常有固定的介词搭配，被动语态结构则没有。3 系表结构中的过去分词可以被副词修饰。4 系表结构通常只有一般现在时和一般过去时，而被动语态结构则可用于多种时态。（三）、动词（三）、动词+宾语宾语+宾补结构的转换宾补结构的转换观察结构：观察结构：1.ask sb.to do sth.(_)2.see sb.do sth.(_)3.see sb.doing sth.(_)带带to的不定式作宾补的不定式作宾补 省略省略to的不定式作宾补的不定式作宾补V-ing作宾补作宾补 (sb.)be asked to do

8、 sth.(_)变成被动，形式不变变成被动，形式不变(sb.)be seen to do sth.(_)被动补上被动补上to(sb.)be seen doing sth.(_).形式不变形式不变二、常见语态转换二、常见语态转换（一）一般现在时和一般过去时的被动语态。（一）一般现在时和一般过去时的被动语态。引入练习引入练习1。请将下列主动语态变成被动语态。请将下列主动语态变成被动语态1.Lucy bought some fruit.Some fruit _ _ _ Lucy.2.Uncle Wang waters the flowers every day.The flowers _ _ _ U

9、ncle Wang every day.3.Did they build the bridge in 1998?_ the bridge _ in 1998?4.When did Lu Xun write these books?When _these books _ _ Lu Xun?5.The farmers dont grow apples on the farm.Apples _ _ on the farm.6.They didnt clean the classroom yesterday.The classroom _ _ yesterday.小结：小结：1、被动语态的转换，在、被

10、动语态的转换，在be+过去分词中，确定过去分词中，确定_ 是关键，是关键，_永不变。永不变。2、Be的时态由的时态由_确定；确定；be的单的单/复数由复数由_确定。确定。3、问句提前、问句提前_;否定否定_后加后加not.was bought by are watered byWasbuiltwere written by arent grownwasnt cleanedbe 形形过去分词过去分词主动时态主动时态 被动主语被动主语be动词动词be(二）一般现在时带情态动词的被动语态。二）一般现在时带情态动词的被动语态。引入练习引入练习2。请将下列主动语态变成被动语态。请将下列主动语态变成被动语

11、态。1.You can do the work all by yourself.The work _ _ _ all by yourself.2.We must plant more trees.More trees _ _ _.3.We should dig a large hole.A large hole _ _ _.4.Can we put our bikes here?_ our bikes _ _ here?5.You mustnt throw rubbish here.Rubbish _ _ _ here.6.We cant see many stars.Many stars _

12、 _ _.小结：小结：1.含情态动词的被动结构：含情态动词的被动结构：_.2.疑问句提前疑问句提前_;否定句：否定句：_+not.can be donemust be plantedshould be dugCanbe putmustnt be thrown cant be seen 情态动词情态动词+be+过去分词过去分词情态动词情态动词情态动词情态动词引入练习引入练习3、请将下列主动语态变成被动语态。、请将下列主动语态变成被动语态。1.The farmer made the horses work the whole day.The horses_ _ _ _ the whole day.

13、2.Mum asks the twins not to swim in the lake.The twins _ _ _ _ _ in the lake.3.I saw a mouse run into the room.A mouse _ _ _ _ into the room.4.I often hear him sing English songs.He _ often _ _ _ English songs.5.I saw Lucy playing in the park just now.Lucy _ _ _ in the park just now.6.They watched t

14、he children sing that morning.The children _ _ _ _ that morning.小结小结:1.主动语态中省略主动语态中省略to的宾补在被动中应的宾补在被动中应_.如以如以上上 _题题.2.其它形式的宾补在被动中其它形式的宾补在被动中_.如以上如以上_题。题。were made to workare asked not to swim was seen to runisheard to singwas seen playingwere watched to sing补上补上to1、3、4、6不变不变2、5（四）、动词短语的被动语态。（四）、动词短语

15、的被动语态。引入练习引入练习4、改正下列转换中的错误：、改正下列转换中的错误：1.People often talk about the film.误：误：The film is often talked.正：正：2.Lily looked after the baby.误：误：The baby was looked by Lily.正：正：3.We shouldnt give up the work.误：误：The work shouldnt be given.正：正：4.We cant work out the problem.误：误：The problem cant be worked.

16、正：正：The film is often talked about.The baby was looked after by Lily.The work shouldnt be given up.The problem cant be worked out.5.We must take good care of young trees.误：误：Young trees must be taken good care.正：正：6.We must write to him.误：误：He must be written.正：正：小结：动词短语在转换成被动语态时，小结：动词短语在转换成被动语态时，不能丢掉其中的不能丢掉其中的_。Young trees must be taken good care of.He must be written to.介词或副词介词或副词