构词法 (2).ppt

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1、Grammar Discovering useful structures(P37)Word formation 构词法构词法pounding:合成合成Find the compound nouns in thereading passageCompound word with a hyphenCompound word put togetherCompound words separatedfree-fall,old-fashioned,steam-enginewhichever,whatever,wherever,southeastern,indoor,outdoor,craftsmen,

2、horsebackroller coaster1.合成名词合成名词 (1)n+n air conditioner 空调空调 grass roots 草根草根 income tax 所得税所得税 credit card 信用卡信用卡 (2)adj+n central bank 中央银行中央银行 mainland大陆大陆 fast food 快餐快餐 remote control 遥控器遥控器Compound words(3)v-ing+n.washing machine 洗衣机洗衣机driving license 驾驶执照驾驶执照(4)v.+n.pickpocket扒手扒手 guidebook

3、指南指南(5)其他方式其他方式 by-product 副产品副产品 get-together聚会聚会 grown-up成年人成年人editor-in-chief 主编主编2.合成形容词合成形容词 (1)过去分词或带过去分词或带ed词尾的词构成。词尾的词构成。absent-minded 心不在焉的心不在焉的 warm-hearted 热心的热心的grey-haired 头发灰白的头发灰白的 home-made 自制的自制的 (2)动词的动词的ing 或另一词构成或另一词构成 long-suffering 长期受苦的长期受苦的 far-reaching 深远的深远的(影响影响)peace-lovi

4、ng 热爱和平的热爱和平的 good-looking 好看的好看的 hard-working勤劳的勤劳的P37 Ex.2 butterfly,downtown,football,hardworking,ice cream,kind-hearted,laptop,life-sized,watermelon,worthwhile,worn-out,northeastern,earthquake,mobile phone,mankind,headline,easy-going,homeland,passer-by,eggplant2.Derivation(词语派生词语派生-add letters t

5、o the beginning or the end of a word)词语派生是语法填空的必考点。这一考点词语派生是语法填空的必考点。这一考点涉及到涉及到(1)句子成分划分或句子结构分析；句子成分划分或句子结构分析；(2)各种词类的语法功能；各种词类的语法功能；(3)构词法特别是派生法等多个知识点，是构词法特别是派生法等多个知识点，是综合性较强的一道题。我们将其主要考点综合性较强的一道题。我们将其主要考点和必备基础归纳如下：和必备基础归纳如下：考点考点1：形容：形容词词副副词词在形容在形容词词后加后加-ly可可变变成与原来意成与原来意义义相同的副相同的副词词。直接加直接加-lyslow慢的

6、慢的slowly 缓缓慢地慢地改改y为为-ilyhappy高高兴兴的的happily高高兴兴地地去去e加加-lytrue真的真的truly真的真的考点解密考点解密后后 缀缀 例例 词词 后后 缀缀 例例 词词-alindustrial national-an European American-ern eastern northern -able reasonable believable-ful careful mouthful-ish childish selfish-ive active creative-y dirty thirsty windy-en golden wooden -a

7、ry imaginary revolutionary-ic realistic historic-some troublesome lonesome-like childlike womanlike -lyfriendly lovely-lesscareless harmless考点考点2：名词：名词形容词形容词(1)(1)名词加不同的后缀变成形容词，常见的后缀有：名词加不同的后缀变成形容词，常见的后缀有：(2)形容形容词变词变成名成名词词。如：。如：后后缀缀例例 词词-nesshappiness幸福幸福 illness疾病疾病-ydifficulty困困难难 possibility 可能性可

8、能性-thtruth,death,warmth-ismsocialism社会主社会主义义考点考点3：形容：形容词词动词动词(1)形容形容词词可可变变成成动词动词。如：。如：en-enrich丰富丰富 enable 使能使能够够-enwiden加加宽宽 sharpen削尖削尖shorten 缩缩短短 soften 软软化化-izeAmericanize 美国化美国化 civilize 使开化使开化modernize 现现代化代化 nationalize国有化国有化-fysimplify简简化化 beautify 美化美化某些名某些名词词后加后加-fy可可变变成成动词动词，表示，表示“使使化化”。

9、(2)动词动词/名词名词变变成形容成形容词词。如：。如：-ouscontinuous持持续续的的 various各种各各种各样样的的dangerous危险的危险的考点考点4：动词动词名名词词后后缀缀例例 词词-anceacceptance接受接受 appearance出出现现-encereference参考参考 existence存在存在-alrefusal拒拒绝绝 arrival 到达到达-(a)tiondictation听写听写 preparation准准备备-mentargument 争争论论 judgment判断判断考点考点5：名：名词词名名词词(人人)后后缀缀例例 词词-erteac

10、her 教教师师 reader 读读者者officer 官官员员 farmer 农农夫夫villager 村民村民 Londoner 伦伦敦人敦人-orconductor 售票售票员员 visitor 游客游客-arbeggar 乞丐乞丐-essactress 女演女演员员 hostess 女主人女主人-eseChinese 中国人中国人Japanese 日本人日本人-ianmusician 音音乐乐家家 physician内科医生内科医生-istscientist科学家科学家 socialist社会主社会主义义者者考点考点6：不变词性的前缀和后缀：不变词性的前缀和后缀前前缀缀含含 义义例例

11、词词dis-不，否定不，否定 dissatisfy使不使不满满意意 dishonest 不不诚实诚实un-不不unable 不能不能够够 unlucky 不幸的不幸的un-相反相反动动作作 undress脱衣服脱衣服 unload 卸卸货货in-im-ir-il-不，非不，非inactive 不活不活跃跃的的 incorrect 不正确的不正确的impolite不有礼貌的不有礼貌的 impossible不可能的不可能的irregular 不不规则规则的的 irresponsible不不负责负责任的任的illogical 不合不合逻辑逻辑的的 illegal 非法的非法的non-不，非不，非no

12、n-existent不存在的不存在的 non-stop 直达的直达的mis-错误错误的，的，坏的坏的misunderstand 误误解解 misfortune 厄运厄运,不不幸幸前前缀缀含含 义义例例 词词re重复，再重复，再 rewrite重写重写 remarry 再婚再婚super-在上面，在上面，超超级级supermarket 超市超市 supermodel 超超级级名模名模under-在在之之下下underestimate低估低估 underground 地下的地下的inter-相互，之相互，之间间international国国际际的的 interact 相相互作用互作用前前缀缀含含

13、义义例例 词词semi-半半semifinal（半决半决赛赛）semicircle 半半圆圆multi-多，多种多，多种multi-national多国的多国的 multi-cultural多文化的多文化的kilo-千千kilometer 千米千米,公里公里 kilogram 千克千克,公斤公斤tele-远远，电，电telephone 电话电话 television 电视电视telegraph 电报电报a-在在上上/里里aboard 在船在船/火火车车/飞飞机上机上 ahead 在前面；在前面；asleep睡着的睡着的,alive活的活的注：注：前缀一般只改变词义而不改变词性，前缀一般只改变词

14、义而不改变词性，但但en-也改变词性，如：也改变词性，如：large大的大的enlarge扩大，扩大，danger危险危险endanger危危及；及；后缀一般改变词性不改变词义，后缀一般改变词性不改变词义，但但-ship也不改变词性，如：也不改变词性，如：leader领导领导leadership领导阶层；领导阶层；friend朋友朋友friendship友谊。友谊。Ex 3.Write out the original words.unchangeable adj._ dislike v._ impossibility n._ unfriendly adj._overwork v._ misu

15、nderstanding n._athletic adj._ misread v._translator n._ changelike possiblefriendlook understandathletereadtranslate4.Fill the table with the different forms of the words.NounverbAdjectiveAdverbamusementamuseamusingamusinglyadmitimaginesettleequipattractadmissionadmissibleadmissiblyimaginationimagi

16、native imaginativelysettlementsettledequipmentequippedattractionattractiveattractively3.Conversion:转化转化(change the part of speech of a word词性转化词性转化)e.g.He turned his head and looked at me.(n.)In July they set sail again and headed south and west in search of a new land.(v.)Her room is clean and tidy

17、.(adj.)She cleans her room every day.(v.)(P71 Ex.1)4.Many nouns are _(可数的可数的)but some are not.5.Mr.Simmons is a pleasant man with a very _ manner.(agree)6.Her behaviour is very c_-one minute she is friendly and the next minute she is quite rude.countableagreeable西蒙先生是个友善的人，很容易相处。西蒙先生是个友善的人，很容易相处。cha

18、ngeable(P71 Ex.1)7.I dont think these desks are m_.They seem to be fixed to the floor.8.My uncle is very _(知识渊博的知识渊博的)about wines.movable/moveableknowledgeableII.构词法专练。构词法专练。给下列单词加上前缀给下列单词加上前缀dis-,un-,in-或或im-,构构成意思相反的词。成意思相反的词。1.agree _plete _3.healthy _4.important _5.able _6.cover _ 7.known _ 8.pr

19、actical _9.tidy _10.perfect _11.visible _ 12.fit _disagree incompleteunhealthyunimportantunablediscover/uncoverunknownimpracticaluntidyimperfectinvisibleunfit(P71 Ex.2)-What a terrible day!-What happened,dear?Was your boss very _ today?-Yes,rather!He was _ to listen to my ideas in our meeting.He sai

20、d they were completely _ for the project.disagreeableunwillingunsuitable-Thats _,isnt it?Hes usually very open!-Yes,its very strange,but I dont think its because he _ me.I think another colleague _ my ideas in another meeting.unusualdislikesmisrepresented-So now he can only see the _ of your ideas!Im sorry,dear.At least you didnt get a call from Tonys teacher!-Oh,no Did he _ at school today?-I dont think so I think there was just a small _.I talked with the teacher and then with Tony.Its all OK now.disadvantagesmisbehavemisunderstanding