unit7虚拟语气.ppt

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1、 一、一、虚拟语气在非条件句中虚拟语气在非条件句中虚拟条件句虚拟条件句主句主句与与现在现在事实相事实相反的假反的假设设If+主语主语+动词的过去式（动词动词的过去式（动词be用用were)主语主语+should,would,might,could动词原形动词原形与与过去过去相反的相反的假设假设If+主语主语+had+过去分词过去分词主语主语should,would,might,couldhave+过去分词过去分词与与将来将来相反的相反的假设假设1、If+主语主语+动词过去式动词过去式2、If+主语主语+were to+动词原形动词原形3、If+主语主语+should+动词原形动词原形主语主语s

2、hould,would,might,could动词原形动词原形eg:If I had time,I would attend the meeting.If he had hurried,he could have caught the train.If I were to go abroad,I would go to America.如果我是你，我就会努力学习如果我是你，我就会努力学习如果我知道他的电话号码，我就给他打电话了如果我知道他的电话号码，我就给他打电话了如果明天下雨的话，我们会取消比赛如果明天下雨的话，我们会取消比赛If I were you,I would work harder

3、 at my lessons.If I had known his telephone number,I would have called him.If it should were to rain,we would call off the match.More practice:使用虚拟条件句要注意的几点：使用虚拟条件句要注意的几点：当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时，被称为：错综时间条件句所发生的时间不一致时，被称为：错综时间条件句“，动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间作出相应的调整，动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间作出相应的

4、调整If you had followed my advice,you would be better now.If you had studied hard before,you would be a college student now.如果你听我的建议，你现在就会痊愈了如果你听我的建议，你现在就会痊愈了如果你努力学习的话，你现在就会是大学生了如果你努力学习的话，你现在就会是大学生了省略句省略句 在条件句中，可省略在条件句中，可省略 if，把，把were,had,should 提到句首，提到句首，变为倒装句式变为倒装句式If I were at school again,I would

5、study harder.Were I at school again,I would study harder.If you had come earlier,you would have met him.Had you come earlier,you would have met him.If it should rain tomorrow,we would not go climbing.Should it rain tomorrow,we would not go climbing.注意：若省略的条件句中的谓语动词是否定式，不能用动词的注意：若省略的条件句中的谓语动词是否定式，不能用

6、动词的缩略形式如我们可以说缩略形式如我们可以说 Were it not for expense,I would go abroad now.不可以说不可以说Werent it for the expense,、用介词短语代替条件状语从句常用的介词有、用介词短语代替条件状语从句常用的介词有with,without,but for 等。如：等。如：What would you do with a million dollars(=If you had a million dollars)?We could not have finished the work ahead of time witho

7、ut your help(=if we hadnt got your help).But for the rain(=If it hadnt been for the rain),we would have finished the work.、含蓄条件句。、含蓄条件句。有时为了表达的需要，在虚拟语气中并不是总是有时为了表达的需要，在虚拟语气中并不是总是出现出现if引导的条件句，而是通过其他手段来代替条引导的条件句，而是通过其他手段来代替条件句。件句。I was ill that day.Otherwise,I would have taken part in the sports meet.

8、（副词）He telephoned to inform me of you birthday,or I would have known nothing about it.（连词）I might have given you more help,but I was too busy.（连词）Everything taken into consideration,they would have raised their output quickly.（独立主格）I would buy the book,but I have not enough money.I would have bought

9、 the book,but I didnt have enough money.I havent enough money,otherwise I would buy the book.I didnt have enough money,otherwise I would have bought the book.我会买那本书的，但我现在没有钱我会买那本书的，但我现在没有钱我会买那本书的，但我当时没有钱我会买那本书的，但我当时没有钱我没有足够的钱否则我会买那本书的我没有足够的钱否则我会买那本书的二、虚拟语气在名词从句中的运用二、虚拟语气在名词从句中的运用用于宾语从句用于宾语从句、wish 用于

10、后面的宾语从句中。用于后面的宾语从句中。用于后面的宾语从句一般用虚拟语气，表示一种不可能实用于后面的宾语从句一般用虚拟语气，表示一种不可能实现的愿望。现的愿望。其谓语动词形式为：其谓语动词形式为：表现在过去时表现在过去时表过去过去完成时表过去过去完成时表将来表将来would,might,could动词原形动词原形I wish(that)I were a bird.I wish(that)I had seen the film last night.I wish(that)I wouldcould go.但愿我能去但愿我能去2.用于表示命令、建议、要求等一类词后面的宾语从句。用于表示命令、建议、

11、要求等一类词后面的宾语从句。insist,order,command,suggest,advise,propose,require,request,demand,desire etc.一坚持；二命令；三建议；四要求一坚持；二命令；三建议；四要求We suggested that the meeting(should)be put off.They insisted that the boy(should)go with them.注意：注意：suggest 当表示当表示“暗示、表明暗示、表明“讲时，讲时，insist 表示表示”坚持坚持认为认为“之意时，应用陈述语气。之意时，应用陈述语气。Th

12、e smile on his face suggested that he was satisfied with our work.The man insisted that he had never stolen the money.他脸上的表情表明他对我们的工作很满意他脸上的表情表明他对我们的工作很满意那个人坚持说他没有偷钱那个人坚持说他没有偷钱用于主语从句中用于主语从句中 1.It is necessaryimportantstrangenaturalimpossible/surprising/a pity+that从句。从句中的谓语动词用从句。从句中的谓语动词用should+动词动词原

13、形，原形，should可以省略。可以省略。2.It is suggesteddesired/ordered/requested/demanded thatIt is necessary that you(should)clean the room after work.It is important that he(should)work harder at his lessons.It is suggested that the meeting(should)be put off.It is ordered that the work(should)be done at once.shoul

14、d表示惊奇、怀疑、不满等情绪，作表示惊奇、怀疑、不满等情绪，作“竟然竟然”解，解，should可省略。可省略。句型：句型：It is surprising/a pity/strange that.It is a pity that he should be so careless.真可惜他竟然如此粗心真可惜他竟然如此粗心It is strange that he should have left without saying good-bye.他离开时没有说再见是很奇怪的他离开时没有说再见是很奇怪的注意：以上句型也可用陈述语气注意：以上句型也可用陈述语气It is strange that h

15、e didnt come yesterday.It is a pity that you cant dance.I am surprised that he _ to help me when I needed it most.A.should refuse B.would have refused C.should have refused C 在在suggestion/proposal/order/plan/advice/idea/request 等名词后的表语和同位语从句中要用等名词后的表语和同位语从句中要用“should动词原形动词原形”should可以省略可以省略用语表语从句和同位语

16、从句用语表语从句和同位语从句My idea is that we(should)think it over before accepting it.My suggestion that we(should)have a meeting has been accepted by others.We all agree to that suggestion that the meeting(should)be put off.It is(high/about)time that从句中的谓语从句中的谓语动词用过去式或动词用过去式或should动词原形，动词原形，should不不能省略能省略三、虚拟语

17、气在其他从句中三、虚拟语气在其他从句中It is high time that you went /should go to school.If only 引导的感叹句（要是该有多好啊引导的感叹句（要是该有多好啊If only I knew the answer!If only I had seen the film yesterday!would rather+从句动词用过去式从句动词用过去式I would rather you told me the truth.我宁愿你告诉我真相我宁愿你告诉我真相 as if(as though)看起来用过去式或过去完成时表虚拟看起来用过去式或过去完成时

18、表虚拟even if(even though)即使即使He treats/treated the boy as if he were his own son.He speaks/spoke as if he had known about itEven if he were here,he could not solve the problem.Even if I had been busy then,I would have helped you.注意注意：as if/as though从句的虚拟语气的动词不受主句从句的虚拟语气的动词不受主句动词的支配主从句同时，用过去式；从句先，主句后动词

19、的支配主从句同时，用过去式；从句先，主句后用过去完成时用过去完成时If it were not for If it had not been for 要是没有要是没有 If it were not for the rain,the crop would die.If it had not been for your help,I wouldnt have made so much progress.在口语交际中虚拟语气省略的情况在口语交际中虚拟语气省略的情况若一般过去时只保留若一般过去时只保留did,could,were等助动词、情态动词或等助动词、情态动词或系动词。系动词。若是过去完成时，只

20、保留若是过去完成时，只保留had若是过去将来时只保留若是过去将来时只保留would,might-Have you found the answer to the question?-I wish I had.I cant go to Beijing with you,but I wish I would.在在In case和和 for fear that“万一；惟恐万一；惟恐”引引导的状语导的状语 从句中，谓语动词多用从句中，谓语动词多用 should+动动词原形词原形Take an umbrella in case it should rain/rains.In case I should

21、fail,I would try again.I darent tell you what he did for fear that he should be angry with me.Choose the best answer:1.It is strange that the little boy _ speak two foreign languages.A.could b.can C.should D.would2.He gave orders that the experiment _ before 5:30pm.A.be finished B.will finish C.must be finished3.He _ you more help,even though he was very busy.A,might have given B.might give C.may have given4.Without the leadership of the Party,there _no New China.A.would be B.has been C.should be D.wasCAAA