动词时态语态复习课件.ppt

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1、动词动词谓语动词谓语动词时态、语态时态、语态虚拟语气虚拟语气非谓语动非谓语动词词不定式不定式动名词动名词分词分词现在分词现在分词过去分词过去分词动词的分类动词的分类 语态语态时态时态主动主动一般现在时一般现在时一般过去时一般过去时一般将来时一般将来时.过去将来时过去将来时过去完成时过去完成时现在完成时现在完成时将来完成时将来完成时现在进行时现在进行时过去进行时过去进行时v原原./v.svedwill+v原原would+v.原原had+Vp.phave/has+Vp.pwill have+Vp.pam/is/are+Vingwas/were+Ving时态和语态的主要考点时态和语态的主要考点1 1

2、、考查在语境中判断动词时态的运用能力。常考、考查在语境中判断动词时态的运用能力。常考的时态为：的时态为：一般现在、一般过去、一般将来、现在一般现在、一般过去、一般将来、现在进进 行、过去进行、现在完成、过去完成、现在完成行、过去进行、现在完成、过去完成、现在完成进行、过去将来等。进行、过去将来等。2 2、时间、条件、让步等、时间、条件、让步等状语从句中动词的时态状语从句中动词的时态；主从句时态主从句时态呼应问题。呼应问题。3 3、几种时态的替代问题几种时态的替代问题.一般现在一般现在4.every week(day,year,month),always,usually,often,on Sun

3、days,sometimes,现在完成现在完成现在进行现在进行过去进行过去进行过去完成过去完成过去将来过去将来一般将来一般将来一般过去一般过去1.for,since,so far,ever,never,just,yet,up to now,in the past years,recently 5.yesterday,last week,an hour ago,the other day,in 1982,just now 2.多用在间接引语中表示发生在谓多用在间接引语中表示发生在谓语动作以后的动作语动作以后的动作6.before,by the end of last year(term,mont

4、h),8.next day(week,month,year),tomorrow,3.now,at this time,these days,etc.7.this morning,the whole morning,all day,yesterday,from nine to ten last evening when,while 48713625最常用的几种时态与时间状语的搭配最常用的几种时态与时间状语的搭配一般现在一般现在every,sometimes,at,onSunday现在进行现在进行now,现在完成现在完成for,since,sofar,ever,never,just,yet,til

5、l/until,uptonow,inthepastyears,always,recently一般过去一般过去yesterday,lastweek,anhourago,theotherday,in1982,justnow过去进行过去进行thismorning,thewholemorning,allday,yesterday,fromninetotenlasteveningwhen,while过去完成过去完成before,by,until,when,after,once,assoonas一般将来一般将来next,tomorrow,in过去将来过去将来多用在间接引语中表示发生在谓语动作以后的多用在间

6、接引语中表示发生在谓语动作以后的动作动作解动词填空题解动词填空题“三步曲三步曲”1.I(have)thisbookfor2weeks.havehadhavehadareplantedareplanted一看时间状语一看时间状语2.Everyyear,manytrees(plant)alongtheriver.3.Keepquiet,please!They(have)alesson.arehavingarehaving4.-Hi,LinTao.Ididntseeyouattheparty.-Oh,I(get)readyfortheexam.waswas gettinggetting5.Tom(g

7、o)tobedearly，buthis brother doesnt.6.Listen!Jims radio (make)a loudnoise.Would you please tell him to turn it down?goesgoesismakingismaking二观上下文联系二观上下文联系 三找隐含条件三找隐含条件1 1 一般现在时的用法一般现在时的用法1 1）经常性或习惯性的动作经常性或习惯性的动作1.I _ ping-pong quite well,but I havent had time to play since the new year.A.will play B.

8、have played C.played D.play1 1 一般现在时的用法一般现在时的用法2 2）客观真理，客观存在，科学事实或表示格言或客观真理，客观存在，科学事实或表示格言或警句。警句。Knowledge begins with practice.She said that the sea water is salty.In some parts of the world,such as in England,tea _ with milk and sugar.A.is serving B.serves C.is served D.served1 1 一般现在时的用法一般现在时的用法

9、3 3）按火车、汽车、飞机等时刻表将要发生的事。按火车、汽车、飞机等时刻表将要发生的事。此时句中有时有将来的时间状语，但不用将来时。此时句中有时有将来的时间状语，但不用将来时。此时主主语是物：车，船，飞机等此时主主语是物：车，船，飞机等 The train leaves at three this afternoon.4 4）在时间、条件、方式、让步状语从句中，用一在时间、条件、方式、让步状语从句中，用一般现在时代替一般将来时。般现在时代替一般将来时。If it is fine tomorrow,we will go to the countryside.2 2 一般过去时的用法一般过去时的用

10、法 1 1）表示过去发生的，和现在没有联系的动作或状态。）表示过去发生的，和现在没有联系的动作或状态。1.-Look!Someone has spilt（溢出）（溢出）coffee on the carpet.（地毯）（地毯）-Well,it _ me.A.isnt B.wasnt C.hasnt been D.hadnt been2.-Ive bought a box of chocolates for our daughter.-Oh,how good a dad!But she doesnt like sweet things._ that?A.Dont you know B.Haven

11、t you known C.Didnt you know D.Hadnt you known3.-Was Mary in the office when you arrived there?-Yes,but she _soon afterwards.A.had left B.left C.would leave D.will leave2 2 一般过去时的用法一般过去时的用法 2 2）注意：一般过去时与过去进行时的区别注意：一般过去时与过去进行时的区别：一般过去时表示一个完成的动作，而过去进行一般过去时表示一个完成的动作，而过去进行时则表示一个没有完成且正在进行的动作。时则表示一个没有完成且正

12、在进行的动作。I wrote a letter this morning.今天上午我今天上午我写写了了一封信。（信已写完）一封信。（信已写完）I was writing a letter this morning.今天上今天上午我午我在写在写一封信。（正在写，不一定写完）一封信。（正在写，不一定写完）1.-Has Tommy finished his job yet?-I have no idea of it;he _ it this morning.A.was doing B.had been doing C.has done D.did2.As she _ the newspaper,Gr

13、anny _asleep.A.read,was falling B.was reading,fell C.was reading,was falling D.read,fell3.一般将来时1.1.一般将来时表示计划、打算、企图做某事或来注一般将来时表示计划、打算、企图做某事或来注定要发生的事情。定要发生的事情。2.2.表示将来时的四种形式表示将来时的四种形式will/shall+will/shall+动词原形动词原形be going to do be going to do be about to do(be about to do(正要干什么正要干什么)be to do be to do

14、be going to be going to 有很强的计划性，打算干什么，而有很强的计划性，打算干什么，而willwill表示谈话时临时决定的意图，具有临时性和偶然性。表示谈话时临时决定的意图，具有临时性和偶然性。-The telephone is ringing.-The telephone is ringing.-I _ answer it.-I _ answer it.A.will B.am going to C.am to D.am about toA.will B.am going to C.am to D.am about to -Alice,why didn -Alice,wh

15、y didnt you come yesterday?t you come yesterday?-I _,but I had an unexpected visitor.-I _,but I had an unexpected visitor.A.had B.would C.was going to D.did A.had B.would C.was going to D.did be going to be going to 可用来表达某种迹象要发生的事。而可用来表达某种迹象要发生的事。而will will 不能表示不能表示 Look at the clouds!ItLook at the

16、clouds!Its going to rain.s going to rain.3.be to3.be to和和be going to be going to 表示约定、计划或职责、义务要求即将发表示约定、计划或职责、义务要求即将发生的动作。生的动作。be to do be to do 安排将要干什么，有很强的计划性，安排将要干什么，有很强的计划性，有时有时=be going to=be going tobe to be to 表示客观安排或受人指示而做某事表示客观安排或受人指示而做某事.be going to be going to 表示主观的打算或计划。表示主观的打算或计划。I am t

17、o play football tomorrow afternoon.I am to play football tomorrow afternoon.Im going to play football tomorrow afternoon.Im going to play football tomorrow afternoon.4 4be about to do be about to do 表示表示“正要干什么正要干什么”，表示即将发生的动作，表示即将发生的动作，不与表示将来的时间状语连用不与表示将来的时间状语连用。常与常与when when 连用，连用，when when 此时意思：此时

18、意思：就在这时，是并列连就在这时，是并列连词词 构成句型：构成句型：be about to do be about to do whenwhen.I I was about to was about to leave leave when when it rained.it rained.特别注意特别注意（1 1）一般现在时表示将来，特别用于车、船、飞机等时刻表一般现在时表示将来，特别用于车、船、飞机等时刻表中安排好的。中安排好的。The plane leaves tomorrow.(The plane leaves tomorrow.(尽管有尽管有tomorrow,tomorrow,但没有但

19、没有will,be will,be going to)going to)（2 2）某些瞬间动词某些瞬间动词“go,come,arrive,leave,start,begin,fly,go,come,arrive,leave,start,begin,fly,take take”等用现在进行时表示将要发生的动作。等用现在进行时表示将要发生的动作。I Ive won a holiday for two to Floria.I _my mum.ve won a holiday for two to Floria.I _my mum.A.am taking B.have taken C.take D.w

20、ill have been A.am taking B.have taken C.take D.will have been 4.现在进行时 1 1表示说话时正在进行而尚未完成的动作或状态。表示说话时正在进行而尚未完成的动作或状态。2 2表示现阶段一直在进行的动作表示现阶段一直在进行的动作 ，但说话时不一定正，但说话时不一定正在进行。在进行。I donI dont really work here.It really work here.Im helping until the m helping until the new secretary comes.new secretary come

21、s.Selecting a mobile phone for personal use is no Selecting a mobile phone for personal use is no easy task because technology_ so rapidly.easy task because technology_ so rapidly.A.will have changed B.has changed A.will have changed B.has changed C.is changing D.will change C.is changing D.will cha

22、nge-Ann works very hard.-Ann works very hard.-In fact.I think she _ just now.-In fact.I think she _ just now.A.studied B.is studying C.studies D.will stud A.studied B.is studying C.studies D.will stud 5.过去进行时 1 1表示表示 过去某一时间正进行的动作过去某一时间正进行的动作 。通常有时间。通常有时间状语（从句），或由上下文表示。状语（从句），或由上下文表示。1.-Hey,look wher

23、e you are going?1.-Hey,look where you are going?-Oh,I -Oh,Im terribly sorry._.m terribly sorry._.A.I A.Im not noticing B.I donm not noticing B.I dont noticingt noticing C.I haven C.I havent noticing D.I was nt noticing D.I was nt noticingt noticing 2.-Hey,what did I say?2.-Hey,what did I say?-I _.-I

24、 _.A.I A.Im not listening B.I was not listening C.I m not listening B.I was not listening C.I dondont listened D.I didnt listened D.I didnt listent listen3 3 在简单句中有在简单句中有at that time,then,this at that time,then,this time yesterday/last week,at 10 otime yesterday/last week,at 10 oclock clock last nig

25、htlast night 等具体的时间状语用过去进等具体的时间状语用过去进行时态。行时态。I first met Lisa three years ago.She _ at I first met Lisa three years ago.She _ at a radio shop at the time.a radio shop at the time.A.A.has worked B.was working has worked B.was working C.had been working D.had workedC.had been working D.had worked特别注意：

26、特别注意：与与alwaysalways连用，表示感情色彩。连用，表示感情色彩。My brother was always losing his key.My brother was always losing his key.6.现在完成时1 1表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果，响或结果，有时没有时间状语，有时有时间有时没有时间状语，有时有时间状语。状语。They have cleaned the classroom.They cleaned the They have cleaned the classroom.They cleaned the

27、 classroom and the classroom is clean now.)classroom and the classroom is clean now.)2 2 表示过去已经开始，持续到现在而且可能表示过去已经开始，持续到现在而且可能继续下去的动作状态。继续下去的动作状态。He hasnHe hasnt given me any more trouble since then.t given me any more trouble since then.-When did he go to America?-When did he go to America?-Oh,he _

28、there since half a year -Oh,he _ there since half a year ago.ago.A.went B.has been C.has gone D.was A.went B.has been C.has gone D.wasShelly _ California for Texas and _ Shelly _ California for Texas and _ there ever since.You can go and pay her a visit there ever since.You can go and pay her a visi

29、t on your way to Mexico.on your way to Mexico.A.left,worked B.has left,had worked C.A.left,worked B.has left,had worked C.left,has worked D.has left,workedleft,has worked D.has left,workedCollecting stamps as a hobby _ Collecting stamps as a hobby _ increasingly popular during the past fifty years.i

30、ncreasingly popular during the past fifty years.A.becomes B.became C.has become D.had A.becomes B.became C.has become D.had becomebecome7.过去完成时 1 1表示在过去某一时刻或动作之前已经完成了表示在过去某一时刻或动作之前已经完成了的动作，即的动作，即“过去的过去过去的过去”。请记住：请记住：by the end of+by the end of+过去时间过去时间be the time+be the time+从句（用一般过去时）引导的句从句（用一般过去时）

31、引导的句子或主句用过去完成时）子或主句用过去完成时）1.Theoldman_twodaysafterhehadbeensenttohospital.A.diedB.woulddieC.haddiedD.hasdied2.OldMcDonaldgaveupsmokingforawhile,butsoon_tohisoldways.A.returnedB.returnsC.wasreturningD.hadreturned4.I_totakeagoodholidaythisyear,butIwasntabletogetaway.A.hopeB.havehopedC.hadhopedD.hoped5

32、.Helen_herkeyintheofficesoshehadtowaituntilherhusband_home.A.hasleft;comesB.left;hadcomeC.hadleft;cameD.hadleft;wouldcome8.现在完成进行时构成：构成：have/has been doinghave/has been doing表示过去某一动作状态一直持续到现在，也表示过去某一动作状态一直持续到现在，也可能将持续下去。可能将持续下去。-Isn-Isnt it hard to drive downtown to work?t it hard to drive downtown

33、to work?-Yes,that -Yes,that why I _ to work by train.why I _ to work by train.A.have been going B.have gone A.have been going B.have gone C.was going D.will have gone C.was going D.will have gone 9.9.将来完成时将来完成时：will/shall+have done will/shall+have done 表示将来某一时间之前完成的动作，常与表示将来表示将来某一时间之前完成的动作，常与表示将来时间的

34、状语连用，时间的状语连用，如：如：by the end of+by the end of+将来时间的短语将来时间的短语,by the time+by the time+从句（从句用一般现在时表示一般将来从句（从句用一般现在时表示一般将来时），这时句子或主句应用将来完成时时），这时句子或主句应用将来完成时 We will have finished the work by the time he comes We will have finished the work by the time he comes back.back.10.10.一般将来进行时一般将来进行时；will be dong

35、/shall be doing will be dong/shall be doing 表示将来某一时间正在进行的动作表示将来某一时间正在进行的动作 What will you be doing this time tomorrow?What will you be doing this time tomorrow?1.By the end of this month,we surely _ a satisfactory solution to the problem.A.have found B.will be found C.will have found D.are finding 2.

36、The conference _ a full week by the time it ends.A.must have lasted B.will have lastedC.would last D.has lasted 1.Hestepped intothe office,_down and began to fillintheforms.A.sittingB.tositC.satD.havingit2.Shesaidshewouldtelephonebutwe_fromhersofar.A.haventheardB.didnthearC.hadntheardD.wonthear3.Whe

37、nIgottothecinema,thefilm_fortenminutes.A.hasbegunB.hadbegunC.hadbeenonD.was4.IllgowithyouassoonasI_myhomework.A.willfinishB.finishC.amfinishingD.finished5.Ifit_tomorrow,Iwontgotothecinema.A.willrainB.rainsC.israiningD.rained6.Sheisgoingtobeanursewhenshe_up.A.isgoingtogrowB.growsC.growingD.grew7.“这本书

38、我已经买了三个月了。这本书我已经买了三个月了。”，下列哪一句不对？，下列哪一句不对？A.Ihavehadthisbookforthreemonths.B.Ihaveboughtthisbookforthreemonths.C.Iboughtthisbookthreemonthsago.D.ItisthreemonthssinceIboughtthisbook.8.Comein,Peter,Iwanttoshowyousomething.Oh,howniceofyou!I_you_tobringmeagift.A.neverthink;aregoingB.neverthought;weregoi

39、ngC.didntthink;weregoingD.hadtthought;weregoing9.WhenIwasatcollegeI_threeforeignlanguages,butI_allexceptforafewwordsofeach.A.spoke;hadforgottenB.spoke;haveforgottenC.hadspoken;hadforgottenD.hadspoken;haveforgotten10.Thepolicefoundthatthehouse_andalotofthings_.A.hasbrokeninto;hasbeenstolenB.hadbroken

40、into;hadbeenstolenC.hasbeenbrokeninto;stolenD.hadbeenbrokeninto;stolen11.Thevolleyballmatchwillbeputoffifit_.A.willrainB.rainsC.rainedD.israining12.Mary_adresswhenshecutherfinger.A.madeB.ismakingC.wasmakingD.makes13.Thestudents_busilywhenMissBrownwenttogetabookshe_intheoffice.A.hadwritten;leftB.were

41、writing;hasleftC.hadwritten;hadleftD.werewriting;hadleft14.Haveyoumovedintothenewhouse?Noyet,therooms_,A.arebeingpaintedB.arepaintingC.arepaintedD.arebeingpainting15.WehaventheardfromJaneforalongtime.Whatdoyousuppose_toher?A.washappeningB.tohappenC.hashappenedD.havinghappened16.Doyouknowourtownatall

42、?No,thisisthefirsttimeI_here.A.wasB.havebeenC.cameD.amcoming17.Wecouldhavewalkedtothestation.Itwassonear.Yes,Ataxi_atallnecessary.A.wasntB.hadntbeenC.wouldntbeD.wontbe18.If city noises _ from increasing,people _ shout to beheardevenatthedinnertable20yearsfromnow.A.arenotkept;willhavetoB.arenotkept;h

43、avetoC.donotkeep;willhavetoD.donotkeep;haveto19.Tom_intothehousewhennoone_.A.slipped;waslookingB.hadslipped;lookedC.slipped;hadlookedD.wasslippping;looked20.ThelasttimeI_Janeshe_cottoninthefields.A.hadseen;waspickingB.saw;pickingC.hadseen;pickedD.saw;waspickingDoyourememberthesesentences？1.A man is

44、hurt badly.2.Her lost books were usually returned to the library.3.It must be called a pen.Who wrote this book?Mark Twain wrote this book.=This book _by Mark Twain.was written被动语态被动语态:表示主语是动作的小窍门：小窍门：我们可以这样看被动语态的基本构成：我们可以这样看被动语态的基本构成：be +及物动词的过去分词及物动词的过去分词表示时态表示时态 表示被动表示被动 要变化要变化 不变化不变化1.It is produ

45、ced in China.2.The tradition was revived by students承受者例如：语态语态时态时态主动主动被动被动一般现在时一般现在时v./v.sam/is/are+Vp.p一般过去时一般过去时vedwas/were+Vp.p一般将来时一般将来时will+v.willbe+Vp.p过去将来时过去将来时would+v.wouldbe+Vp.p过去完成时过去完成时had+Vp.phadbeen+Vp.p现在完成时现在完成时have/has+Vp.phave/hasbeen+Vp.p将来完成时将来完成时willhave+Vp.pwillhavebeen+Vp.p现在

46、进行时现在进行时am/is/are+Vingam/is/are+being+Vp.p过去进行时过去进行时was/were+Vingwas/were+being+Vp.p注意一：注意一：使用被动语态的场合使用被动语态的场合 1.不知道或不必指出动作的执行者时。如:（1）Computers are widely used in transport.2.强调动作的承受者时。如：A library will be built in this city.注意二：注意二：“be+过去分词”并非都是被动语态，系动词 be,feel,seem,look等词后面的过去分词已转化为形容词，作表语用，表示某种状态。

47、例如：1.Im interested in mathematics.2.He seems unsatisfied with his work.3.Tom was surprised at the news.注意三：注意三：某些动词用主动语态来表示被动含某些动词用主动语态来表示被动含义义 lock,open,shut,move,read,sell,wash,write等动词,用来说明主语的性质特征而不强调被执行者的动作时,用主动形式表达被动意义,且常与not,hardly,well,easily,badly,nicely等副词连用。如:1.The door doesnt open easily.

48、2.Bikes of that kind hardly sell.1.need,want,require等动词以及形容词worth后面,常跟动词-ing形式,用主动形式表达被动意义。如:This dictionary is well worth buying.2.easy,difficult,hard,heavy等形容词后面跟动词不定式,用主动形式表被动意义,并且该不定式与句子的主语须具备逻辑上的动宾关系。如:What life will be like in the future is difficult to predict.注意四：注意四：3.不定式作定语,其逻辑主语是句子的主语、间接宾语或说话人时,用动词不定式的主动形式表被动意义。如:She has an old grandfather to look after.4.“主语系动词to do”结构也是主动形式表被动意义,主要用于“sth.be to let/rent”或“sb.be to blame”结构中。如:Its not my fault.She is to blame.