名词性从句PPT.ppt

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1、在复合句中起名词作用的从句叫名词从句在复合句中起名词作用的从句叫名词从句 (Noun ClausesNoun Clauses）。）。名词从句的功能相当于名词从句的功能相当于名词词组名词词组,它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等，因此根据它在表语、同位语、介词宾语等，因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名词从句又可分别称为句中不同的语法功能，名词从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。His job is important.What he does is important.This is

2、his job.This is what he does every day.I dont like his job.I dont like what he does every day.I dont know about the man,Mr.White.I dont know about the fact that he is a teacher.分析下列宾语从句中的连词分析下列宾语从句中的连词1.I dont doubt（that）you will succeed.2.I dont know whether/if he will come tonight.3.I doubt if/whe

3、ther you will keep your promise.3 3个句子中的连词个句子中的连词that,whether,if that,whether,if（是否）在名词性是否）在名词性从句中只起连接作用，在句中不担任成分从句中只起连接作用，在句中不担任成分,被称为被称为连接词连接词注意注意：A.that A.that 本身无意义，在宾语从句中可以省略，本身无意义，在宾语从句中可以省略，但在别的三种名词性从句中不可以省略。但在别的三种名词性从句中不可以省略。B.whether B.whether 和和ifif有是否的意义，在宾语从句中二者通常可以互换。但有是否的意义，在宾语从句中二者通常可

4、以互换。但whether whether 可以用于所有的四种名词性从句，而可以用于所有的四种名词性从句，而if if 仅可以仅可以用于宾语从句。用于宾语从句。when/where/why/how that/whether/if who/whom/whose/which/what连接代词和副词的选用连接代词和副词的选用主要根据名词性从句中的具体意义主要根据名词性从句中的具体意义,正确的正确的选择选择who、which、when、where、why、how 等连接词，这些连接词既等连接词，这些连接词既具有疑问含义，又起连接作用，同时具有疑问含义，又起连接作用，同时在从句中充当各种成分。在从句中充当

5、各种成分。1._ the baby could speak made his parents very happy.A.That B.What C.Why D.If2.I wonder _ you will go shopping or stay at home.A.that B.if C.whether D.what3.This is _ he was often late for school.A.what B.that C.why D.whether4.We all know the truth _ the earth _ around the sun.A.if;moved B.that

6、;moves C.why;move D.whether;move主语从句主语从句宾语从句宾语从句表语从句表语从句同位语从句同位语从句At lunch time,the radio weatherman reported that the mist would become a thick fog in the afternoon.The truth is that the fog is too thick for the bus to run that far.What surprised me most was that the old man couldnt see anything.Th

7、e fact that Polly didnt ask for the mans name is a pity.Predictive Clause(表语从句表语从句)Object Clause(宾语从句宾语从句)Subject Clause(主语从句主语从句)Appositive Clause同位语从句同位语从句Find clauses from the following sentences and tell the functions of them1 That he will succeed is certain.2 Whether he will go there is unknown

8、.3 What he said is not true.4 Where he hid the money is to be found out.5 Whoever comes is welcome.6 How we can help the twins will be discussed at the meeting.7 When theyll start the project has not been decided yet.“It”“It”is used asis used as empty empty subjectsubject形式形式主语主语为避免主语冗长为避免主语冗长,句子头重脚

9、轻句子头重脚轻,经常用经常用it it作作形式主语形式主语,主语从句放在后面作真正的主语主语从句放在后面作真正的主语.1.It is certain that he will succeed.2.It is not known whether he will go there.3.It has not been decided yet when theyll start the project.Its+形容词形容词（likely/possible/important/necessary/clear/certain/wonderful/strange/wrong/)thatIts+过去分词过去分

10、词（said/reported/thought/expected/decided/announced/arranged)that It+特殊动词特殊动词（seems/appears/happens/matter)that Its+名词（短语）名词（短语）(no wonder/a pity/a fact/a common knowledge/a common saying)that宾语宾语从句从句在句中充当宾语成分（在句中充当宾语成分（可以作谓语动词、介可以作谓语动词、介词、形容词的宾语）词、形容词的宾语）They know that the habit will kill them.It al

11、l depends on whether they will support us.He asked how much I paid for the violin.He made it clear to the public that he did an important and necessary job.I find it necessary that we should do the homework.Tell the function of the following clausesthat,whether，if （that 常可省略）常可省略）who,what,which,whoe

12、ver,whatever,when where why howsure,certain,glad,pleased,happy,surprised sure,certain,glad,pleased,happy,surprised 等表示等表示”情感情感”的的形容词后也可带宾语从句。形容词后也可带宾语从句。I am sure that they will make it in spite of I am sure that they will make it in spite of the trouble.the trouble.有些动词带宾语从句时习惯在宾语从句有些动词带宾语从句时习惯在宾语从

13、句前加前加it.这类动词这类动词(词组）有词组）有:hate,enjoy,like,love,dislike,see to 等等I hate it when they talk with their mouths full.温馨提示温馨提示 当当whether后紧跟后紧跟or/or not时时,不用不用if.I dont know whether I will stay or not 介词介词后面的宾语从句不能用后面的宾语从句不能用if.I worry about whether I hurt her feeling.1.Whether和和if都可以引导宾语从句都可以引导宾语从句 在在主主+谓

14、谓+it(形式宾语形式宾语)+宾补宾补+that从句从句(真正真正宾语宾语)的句型中的句型中不省略不省略We must make it clear that we mean what we say.由连词由连词and连接的两个由连接的两个由that引导引导 的宾语从句中的宾语从句中,第二个第二个that 不省略不省略.He told me（that）he would come and that he would come on time.The question is whether we can rely on him.Thats because we were in need of mon

15、ey at that time.He looked as if he was going to cry.Thats why I was late.表语从句表语从句:在句中充当表语成分，一般放在连系动词在句中充当表语成分，一般放在连系动词之后之后.作用：作用：对主语进行解释说明。对主语进行解释说明。同位语从句同位语从句在句中充当同位语成分，其一般跟在一些抽在句中充当同位语成分，其一般跟在一些抽象名词（象名词（idea；belief；fact；truth；problem；news 等）后面，对名词作进一步解释说明等）后面，对名词作进一步解释说明.同位语从句常用同位语从句常用 that 引导或用连接

16、副词引导或用连接副词when/where/why/how/whether 1)The idea that computers can recognize human voices surprises many people.2)They expressed the hope that they would 3)come to visit China again.区别区别:The news that you heard of yesterday is not ture.1.Two thirds of all girls in Britain are on a diet./The fact wor

17、ries their parents and teachers a lot.2.The Queen of England was on a three-day visit in China./We heard the news last night._ The fact that two thirds of all girls are on a diet worries their parents and teachers a lot._We heard the news last night that the Queen of England was on a three-day visit

18、 in China.4.Time travel is possible./There is no scientific proof for the idea.5.Chinese students should be given more free time./The suggestion is welcomed by many people,especially kids in school.3.Teenagers should not spend too much time online./Many British parents hold the view._Many British pa

19、rents hold the view that teenagers shouldnt spend too much time online._There is no scientific proof for the idea that time travel is possible._The suggestion that Chinese students should be given more free time is welcomed by many people,especially kids in school.疑问词引导的名词性从句要求使用陈述句疑问词引导的名词性从句要求使用陈述

20、句语序，不能用一般疑问句语序。语序，不能用一般疑问句语序。How was he successful is still a puzzle.()How he was successful is still a puzzle.()你能告诉我他住在什么地方吗？你能告诉我他住在什么地方吗？FTTF他是怎么成功的仍然是个谜。他是怎么成功的仍然是个谜。Could you tell me where he lives?()Could you tell me where does he live?()二、名词性从句连接词的选用二、名词性从句连接词的选用（1 1）that that 和和what what 的选

21、用的选用that that 和和 what what 都可引导所有的名词从句。都可引导所有的名词从句。但是，但是，whatwhat除起连接作用外，还在名除起连接作用外，还在名词性从句中充当成分，可做从句的主词性从句中充当成分，可做从句的主语、宾语、或表语。而语、宾语、或表语。而thatthat在名词性从在名词性从句中不充当任何成分，只起连接作用句中不充当任何成分，只起连接作用。that/whatthat/what1._ he wants is a book.2._ he wants to go there is obvious.3.The result is _ we won the game

22、.4.This is _ we want to know.5.Is _ he told us true?6.We should pay attention to _ the teacher is saying.7.I have no doubt _ he will come.8.I have no idea _ he did that afternoon.WhatThatthatwhatwhatwhatthatwhata.a.主语从句主语从句b.b.表语从句表语从句c.c.同位语从句同位语从句e.e.介词后的宾语从句介词后的宾语从句f.whether to do f.whether to do

23、 做动词宾语不能用做动词宾语不能用if to if to do.do.g whether or not g whether or not 连在一起引导宾语从句时连在一起引导宾语从句时不用不用if.if.不能使用if 的情况：1.I asked her _ she had a bike.2._ we will hold a party in the open air tomorrow depends on the weather.3.Were worried about _ he is safe.4.I dont know _ he is well or not.5.I dont know _

24、or not he is well.6.The question is _ he should do it.7.The doctor can hardly answer the question _ the old man will recover soon.8.I dont know _ to go.if/whetherWhetherwhetherwhether/ifwhetherwhetherwhetherwhether我们何时举行运动会还没有决定。我们何时举行运动会还没有决定。_ we shall hold our sports meeting is not decided.我不知道昨天

25、谁打破了玻璃。我不知道昨天谁打破了玻璃。I dont know _ broke the glass yesterday.我不知道他长的什么样子。我不知道他长的什么样子。I have no idea _ he looks like.这就是我忘记眼镜的地方。这就是我忘记眼镜的地方。This is _ I left my glasses.Whenwhowhatwherethat that 可省略的情况：可省略的情况：thatthat不可省略的情况：不可省略的情况：主语从句主语从句表语从句表语从句同位语从句同位语从句用用it做形式宾语的宾语从句做形式宾语的宾语从句并列的宾语从句中的后几个从句的并列的宾

26、语从句中的后几个从句的引导词引导词that 不能省略不能省略单个宾语从句中的单个宾语从句中的thatthat可省略可省略1.I dont think _ she is coming.2.It is a pity _ he has made such a mistake.3.The reason is _ he is careless.4.The news _ our team won the match inspired us.5.I dont think it necessary _ you should read English aloud.6.He told me _ his fathe

27、r had died and _ he had to make a living alone.(that)thatthatthatthat(that)that1.1.同位语从句的格式：同位语从句的格式：2.2.能接同位语从句的名词有：能接同位语从句的名词有：3.3.连接词通常是连接词通常是that,that,也可根据含义选用也可根据含义选用n.+n.+连接词连接词+从句从句order,belief,suggestionorder,belief,suggestion,advice,advice,informationinformation等等 whether whether,what,when,

28、where,what,when,where 等来引导同位语从句。等来引导同位语从句。factfact、ideaidea,news,news,1.I have no idea _ he comes from.2.He cant answer the question _ he got the money.3.He gave us many suggestions _ we should get up earlier and take more exercise.4.I have no doubt _ he will win.5.I have some doubt _ he will win.wh

29、erehowthatthatwhether1.1.定语从句是先行词的修饰语，它不涉及先行词定语从句是先行词的修饰语，它不涉及先行词的具体内容。定语从句中的具体内容。定语从句中thatthat不但起连接作用，不但起连接作用，而且在定语从句中充当一个句子成分，充当从句而且在定语从句中充当一个句子成分，充当从句的宾语成分时可省略。的宾语成分时可省略。2.2.同位语从句对中心词的内容作进一步的解释和同位语从句对中心词的内容作进一步的解释和说明，表明中心词的具体内容。引导同位语从句说明，表明中心词的具体内容。引导同位语从句的的that that 在同位语从句中不做任何成分在同位语从句中不做任何成分,只起

30、连接只起连接作用作用,无具体含义无具体含义,且不可省略且不可省略.1.We expressed the hope that they had expressed.2.We expressed the hope that they would come to China again.1.The information has been announced that more middle school graduates will be admitted into university.2.The information that he revealed at the meeting is of

31、 great value.ATAPAPATHe gave me a suggestion that I(should)be calm now.名词名词demand,suggestion,proposal,advice demand,suggestion,proposal,advice 等词后的同位语从句的语气要用虚拟语气等词后的同位语从句的语气要用虚拟语气,结构为结构为 should+do,should should+do,should 可省略可省略 a.a.他相信他的梦想总有一天会实现的他相信他的梦想总有一天会实现的.He believes _.b.b.请告诉我你昨天这个时候在干什么请告诉我

32、你昨天这个时候在干什么.Please tell me _.his dream will come true some daywhat you were doing at this time yesterday1.1.如果主句时态是现在时或将来时如果主句时态是现在时或将来时,从句谓语从句谓语 可根据句意需要而选用任一种时态可根据句意需要而选用任一种时态.他告诉我他正在为考试做准备。他告诉我他正在为考试做准备。He told me _.他说他已离开家乡十年了。他说他已离开家乡十年了。He told me _.老师告诉我们光是沿直线运行的。老师告诉我们光是沿直线运行的。The teacher tol

33、d us _.he was preparing for the examinationhe had been away from his hometown for ten yearslight travels in a straight line.2.2.如果主句谓语是过去时如果主句谓语是过去时,从句谓语动词一般用过去的从句谓语动词一般用过去的 某种时态某种时态,但从句表达的是客观事实、真理、自然规但从句表达的是客观事实、真理、自然规 律等时，从句谓语通常用一般现在时。律等时，从句谓语通常用一般现在时。1.The reason _ we didnt trust him was _ he oft

34、en lied2.The reason _ he gave for his absent was _ he was ill.reason reason 后后面面的的表表语语从从句句只只能能用用that that 引引导导,不不能能用用why why 引引导导,但但reasonreason后后面面的的定定语语从从句可以用句可以用why why 或者或者that that 引导。引导。在在在在名名名名词词词词性性性性从从从从句句句句中中中中，我我我我们们们们还还还还须须须须特特特特别别别别注注注注意意意意以以以以下问题：下问题：下问题：下问题：whythatthatthat1.They expre

35、ssed the hope _they would come over to China.A.which B.that C.whom D.when2.The fact_ he didnt see Tom yesterday is true.A.that B.which C.when D.what3.I have no idea _he will come back.A.where B.when C.what D.that4.The news _ surprised everybody yesterday now proves to be false.A.that B.when C.what D

36、.how 5.One of the men held the view _ the book said was right.A.what that B.that which C.that what D.which that6.Word has come _ some American guests will come for a visit to our college next week.A.what B.whether c.that D.which7.The question is _the film is worth seeing.A.if B.what C.whether D.how

37、8.They received orders _ the work be done at once.A.which B.when C./D.that 9.The reason _ I have to go is _ my mother is ill in bed.A.why;why B.why;because C.why;that D.that;because 10._ I cant understand is _ she wants to change her mind.A.What;why B.Which;how C.That;why D.What;because11._ his drea

38、m of going to college will come true is uncertain.A.That B.Whether C.If D.Even if12.It is known to us _ where there is pollution,there is harm.A.which B.where C.what D.that13.I have the information _.A.of what hell come soon B.that hell come soon C.of that hell come soon D.his coming soon14.-I saw y

39、our neighbor break your window with a basketball.-_ it made me nearly mad.A.That he broke B.What he broke C.He broke D.His break15.It remains a question _ we can get so much money in such a short time.A.how B.that C.when D.what16.-Can I help you?-Yes,do you know _?A.when comes the bus B.when will co

40、me the bus C.when does the bus come D.when the bus comes17.He made a promise _ anyone set him free he would make him very rich.A.that B.if C.what D.that if18.They lost their way in the forest and _ made matters worse was _ night began to fall.A.what;that B.it;that C.what;when D.which;what1.It now ap

41、pears _ they are in need of help.A.that B.which C.what D.how2.It is good news _ they will arrive in a few days.A.which B.what C.that D.how3.It _ Joe drives badly.A.thought that B.thinks that C.is thought that D.is thought that4.This is _ she was born.A.where B.which C.that D.what5.The question is _

42、we cant go there today.A.that B.what C.which D.when6.The question is _ it is worth doing.A.if B.whether C.which D.what7.The reason he has made such great progress is _ he has never wasted his time.A.because B.why C.that D.what8.My suggestion is _ we should turn the land into rice fields.A.what B.tha

43、t C.which D.where9.His proposal is that the dam _ at the foot of the mountain.A.build B.will build C.be built D.will be built10.My advice is that he _ regular house.A.keep B.would keep C.keeps D.kept11._ knows the truth will tell you about it.A.Who that B.Whoever C.Whom that D.That who12.We all know

44、 the truth _ the earth goes round the sun.A.that B.which C.what D.whether13.We heard the news _ our team had won.A.which B.that C.what D.where14.You must do well _ the teacher asks you to do.A.which B.what C.that D.whereJust have a go.Can you choose the best answer to Just have a go.Can you choose t

45、he best answer to each sentence from 06 NMET?each sentence from 06 NMET?1.Withhisworkcompleted,thebusinessmansteppedbacktohisseat,feelingpleased_hewasamanofaction.(2006湖南)A.whichB.thatC.whatD.whether2.Wehaventsettledthequestionof_itisnecessaryforhimtostudyabroad.（2006江苏）A.ifB.whereC.whetherD.that3._

46、makesthisshopdifferentisthatitoffersmorepersonalservices.（2006辽宁）A.WhatB.WhoC.WhateverD.Whoever B BC CA A4.Seetheflagsontopofthebuilding?Thatwas_wedidthismorning.（2006全国I）A.whenB.whichC.whereD.what5.Pleaseremindme_hesaidhewasgoing.Imaybeintimetoseehimoff.（2006全国I）A.whereB.whenC.howD.what6.-Whatdidyourparentsthinkaboutyourdecision?-Theyalwaysletmedo_IthinkIshould.（2006全国III）A.whenB.thatC.howD.what 7.Oneadvantageofplayingtheguitaris_itcangiveyouagreatdealofpleasure.(2006上海）A.howB.whyC.thatD.when D DB BD DC C Thank you