高考英语非谓语动词.ppt

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1、非谓语动词1 1性质性质：它具有动词的特点，但在句子中起着名词、形容词、副词的作用，充当主语、表语、定语、宾语、宾语补足语、状语的作用，即：除谓语以外的一切除谓语以外的一切成分。成分。3 3不定式作宾语：不定式作宾语：有些及物动词常用不定式作宾语。常见的动词有：want,demand,hope,wish,expect;like,hate;start,begin;fail,help,offer,try,manage,pretend,forget,remember,promise,prepare,learn,agree,plan,determine,prefer,intend,etc.如作宾语的不

2、定式有自己的补语，须用先行词 it作 form object，而将真正的宾语不定式后置。think,find,feel,consider,make He found it important to study Russian.The computer makes it possible to calculate faster.不定式一般不能作介词的宾语，只有在极少数介词如：but,except等后才行，此时不定式可带 to 或不带 to。He seldom comes except to look at my pictures.We have no choice but to wait out

3、side.They could do nothing but ask for help.4.4.不定式作宾语补足语不定式作宾语补足语 A)A)1.I didnt want my parents _(help)me.1.I didnt want my parents _(help)me.2.Wed prefer you _(take)the job 2.Wed prefer you _(take)the job instead of Zhang.instead of Zhang.3.My parents expect me _(go)to an 3.My parents expect me _(

4、go)to an ideal university.ideal university.4.The doctor advised the patient _4.The doctor advised the patient _(take)two pills every four hours.(take)two pills every four hours.5.He determined me_(tell)5.He determined me_(tell)everything.everything.to helpto taketo goto taketo tell B)watch,hear,obse

5、rve,feel,listen(to),notice,see,make,let,have(使),etc.+sb.+动词原形 +sth.+done +sbsth+doing Notice:1.get+sbsth+to do2.let+sth.+be done3.如果变成被动结构，就必须带to。不定式中作结果状语的注意点：不定式中作结果状语的注意点：1）某些形容词在“tooto”结构中表示肯定，这类词是：anxious,eager,glad,ready,surprised,willingShe was too surprised to see how angry her father was.2）

6、在not,never,only,all,but的 “tooto”结构中，“too”的含义为“very”，不定式没有否定含义。Im only too glad to stay at home.Its never too old to learn.不定式的时态与语态：不定式的时态与语态：1）一般式：不定式表示的动作常与谓语的动作同时（或几乎同时）发生，或在它之后发生。I saw him go out.I plan to attend the meeting to be held tomorrow.2）进行式：不定式表示的动作正在进行。Im very glad to be working with

7、you.3）完成式：不定式的动作发生在谓语动词之前。Im sorry to have kept you waiting.The article is said to have been read by many people.不定式作独立成分不定式作独立成分 To tell(you)the truth,he doesnt agree with you.To begin with,Beijing is a very beautiful city.不定式与疑问词不定式与疑问词who,which,who,which,when,where,how,what when,where,how,what 等连

8、用，等连用，在句中起名词作用，可充当主语，在句中起名词作用，可充当主语，表语，宾语等。表语，宾语等。He didnt know what to say.How to solve the problem is important.My question is when to start.动名词 It作形式主语时，可用动词不定式，作形式主语时，可用动词不定式，但下列句型常用动名词：但下列句型常用动名词：It is+no good(no use,fun,a waste of time)+doing如如：1.Its no use _(sit)here waiting.2.Is it any good

9、_(tell)him the truth?3.It is great fun _(play)golf.不定式与动名词的区别：不定式与动名词的区别：不定式作主语时经常表示具体动作，而不定式作主语时经常表示具体动作，而动名词作主语时经常表示抽象动作：动名词作主语时经常表示抽象动作：Its no good eating too much fat.Its no good for you to eat so much fat.3动名词作宾语动名词作宾语 mind,miss,excuse,enjoy,escape consider,admit(承认)，advise,appreciate=enjoy,avo

10、id,finish,face,practise,suggest,stop,delay,imagine,include,keep,quit,resist,risk,understand,be used to,look forward to,object to,pay attention to,etc.以及介词后接动名词以及介词后接动名词doing1.He was in low spirits and even considered _1.He was in low spirits and even considered _(go)away.(go)away.2.2.PractisePractis

11、e _(put)your hand to the ground._(put)your hand to the ground.3.I cant help _(have)the trip to Britain.3.I cant help _(have)the trip to Britain.4.Dont tell me you always escape _(fine)4.Dont tell me you always escape _(fine)because you have a fast sports car.because you have a fast sports car.5.Leav

12、e off _(bite)your nails!5.Leave off _(bite)your nails!6.He didnt feel like _(work),so he 6.He didnt feel like _(work),so he suggested _(spend)the day in the garden.suggested _(spend)the day in the garden.7.You certainly mustnt miss _(see)the 7.You certainly mustnt miss _(see)the wonderful film.wonde

13、rful film.动名词与不定式的不同含义：1)be afraid to do 不敢、害怕、胆怯去 做某事 be afraid of doing 担心、恐怕出现 She was afraid _(wake)her husband up,for he had bad temper.She was afraid _(wake)her husband,for he was ill.2)forget to do sth.忘记去做某事（未做）forget doing sth.忘记做过了某事（已做）The light in the office is off.It was she who turned

14、it off,but she herself forgot _(turn)it off.The light in the office is still on.She forgot _(turn)it off.3)remember to do sth.记着去做某事（未做）remember doing sth.记着做了某事（已做）Do you remember _(meet)me at a party last year?You must remember _(leave)tomorrow.4)stop to do sth.stop doing sth.5)regret to do sth.遗憾

15、地说/告诉 regret doing sth.后悔做了 6)try to do sth.try doing sth.You must try _(do)it.Lets try _(do)the work in some other way.7)mean to do sth.mean doing sth.8)go on to do sth.go on doing sth.9)cant help doing sth.情不自禁，不禁 cant help(to)do sth.不能帮忙做 10）permit/allow/advise +doing sth.+sb.to do sth.11）start/b

16、egin/continue/like/love/hate +to do sth.+doing sth.12）S.+want to do sth.S.+want sb.to do sth.S.+want sth.to be doneS.+want+doing/to be done13）S.+need+to do sth.S.+need+doing/to be done14）S.+require sb.to do sth.S.+require sth.to be doneS.+require+doing/to be done 15）S.+is worth+doing 动名词在句中是主动的形式，但含

17、有被动名词在句中是主动的形式，但含有被动的意思。动的意思。动名词复合结构的一般规则是：动名词复合结构的一般规则是：1.逻辑主语是有生命的名词：作主语时，须用名词所有格或形容词性物主代词；作宾语时，也可用普通格或人称代词宾格。Toms(His)coming is what we have expected.She didnt mind Jack/Jacks(him/his)coming here.2.逻辑主语是无生命的名词：只用名词普通格。Is there any hope of our team winning the match?3.逻辑主语是指示代词或不定代词 this,that,some

18、body,someone,nobody,none,anybody,anyone时，只有普通格。She was disturbed by somebody shouting outside.动名词的时态和语态动名词的时态和语态1）动名词的时态：一般式和完成式We are interested in _(play)chess.Im sorry for not _(keep)my promise.但在某些词后，常用一般式，尽管其动作是在谓语所表示的动作之前发生。On hearing the bad news,she cried.Ill never forget seeing that film fo

19、r the first time.2）动名词的语态 doing being donehaving done having been doneHe was afraid of _(leave)at home.The house showed no sign of _(damage).但有些动名词在句中是主动形式，却有被动含义The house requires/needs/wants repairing.The book is worth reading.分词分分 词词 分词相当于形容词、副词。作表语、定分词相当于形容词、副词。作表语、定语、宾语补足语和状语。分词可分为现在语、宾语补足语和状语。

20、分词可分为现在分词、过去分词。分词、过去分词。一般式一般式 完成式完成式现在分词现在分词 doing having done(Ad.)being done(Att.)having been done过去分词过去分词 done 独立主格结构独立主格结构 （所谓独立主格结构，分词的逻辑主所谓独立主格结构，分词的逻辑主语不是句子主语，而是有自己的逻辑语不是句子主语，而是有自己的逻辑主语时，叫独立主格结构。）主语时，叫独立主格结构。）A)1.Today _(be)Sunday,the library doesnt open.2.There _(be)no buses,we had to walk ho

21、me.3.The signal _(give),the bus started.4.Weather _(permit),well visit the Great Wall.5.A teacher from England _(teach)us English,were sure to learn it well.B)6.With him _(give)us a lead,our team is to win.7.With the worker _(lead),the Young Pioneers went through the forest and started towards the m

22、ountain village.8.Many people spoke aloud in front of our classroom,with nobody _(stop)them.9.He was looking at the screen again,with the machine _(turn)on.10.The girl felt uneasy with the whole class _(stare)at her.11.Now the patient could walk with the nurse _(support)him.12.With the machinery _(do)all the work,we finished the task last month.13.She lay on the grass with her eyes _(close).14.You might catch a cold with your feet _(expose).3.现在分词与过去分词作宾语补足语的区别：现在分词与过去分词作宾语补足语的区别：Whomflns+sb do(经常性动作)+sb doing sth.（正在进行）+sth done（被动）1.I used to see these boys _(play)on the playground.