现代大学英语精读Lessonloveisafallacy.pptx

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1、 pre-reading questionswhat does the narrator think about himself?To exchange for the girl he wanted,what did he have to give?Is Polly a perfect candidate for his future wife?How did his lesson on logic work with Polly?Did he succeed in winning Polly?Why not?第1页/共83页On loveIf to give an individual de

2、finition to love,what will your definition be?第2页/共83页Max Shulman Affairs of Dobie Gillis(1953)第3页/共83页Authors noteWhat does the author think of his own essay compared to those of the Charles Lambs?What is this essay like according to the author?And compared with those written by Carlyle and Ruskin?

3、第4页/共83页Charles LambCharles Lamb(1775-1834)was an English essayist,best known for his Essays of Elia(Elia was his penname)and for the childrens book Tales from Shakespeare,which he produced along with his sister,Mary Lamb.第5页/共83页Thomas Carlyle(1795-1881)British historian and essayist The French Rev

4、olution(1837),On Heroes,Hero Worship and the Heroic in History(1841)and Past and Present(1843).第6页/共83页John Ruskin(1819-1900)artist,scientist,poet,environmentalist,philosopher,and the pre-eminent art critic of his time.第7页/共83页that logic,far from being a drypassion,and trauma.Metaphor and hyperbole.

5、Its a metaphor comparing logic to a living human being.It is a hyperbole because it exaggerates for the sake of effect.Logic is not at all a dry,learned branch of learning.It is like a living human being,full of beauty,passion and painful emotional shocks.第8页/共83页Hyperbole A figure of speech with th

6、e deliberate use of overstatement or exaggeration to achieve emphasis.Eg.Hamlet:I love Ophelia:forty thousand brothers could not,with all their quantity of love,make up my sum.Shakespeare:HamletIBM ThinkPad:Where the worlds most innovative people choose to think.(2003 Ad.)第9页/共83页Words and expressio

7、nsMonth of Sundays:a long timeTo unfetterMemorableLimp,flaccid,spongyWithout doubtFar from=not at allDisciplineTrauma 第10页/共83页Paras 4-6 cool I Vs dumb PeteyWhat does“I”think of himself?Is it common to have a 18-year-old so brilliant,according to himself?What does the narrator think of his roommate,

8、Petey,comparing to himself?Why does he consider Petey dumb as an ox?第11页/共83页Keen,calculating,I was all of these.Keen,calculating,perspicacious,acute and astute all refer to unusual mental agility or perceptiveness.Keen suggests a vigorous and forceful ability to grapple with complex or obscure prob

9、lems,e.g.a keen mind for distinctions.Sometimes by analogy with good vision,the word may suggest an ability to observe details and see them as part of a larger pattern,e.g.a keen understanding of the problems facing the conservation movement.第12页/共83页Acute suggests a fine sensitivity or receptivity

10、to nuances that might escape others.e.g.an acute awareness of the slightest ambiguity in each statement made by his opponent;it might also imply a high-keyed state of nervous attention that is not sustainable for long,;e.g.an acute alertness,heightened by the strange silence in the enemy trenches.第1

11、3页/共83页Astute suggests a thorough and profound understanding,stemming from a scholarly or experienced mind that is in full command of a given field,e.g.an astute assessment of the strengths and weakness of the plans for reorganizing the department;an astute evaluation of the gaps on our knowledge of

12、 how life evolved.第14页/共83页Perspicacious is the most formal of these words;it stresses intensity of perception,e.g.a perspicacious remark that illuminated the whole problem for all of them.Calculating means shrewd or cunning.第15页/共83页My brain was as powerful as a dynamo,a scalpel.Simile and Hyperbol

13、eThe narrator use 3 similes to praise himself,which shows his pomposity.第16页/共83页Hyperbole A figure of speech with the deliberate use of overstatement or exaggeration to achieve emphasis.Eg.Hamlet:I love Ophelia:forty thousand brothers could not,with all their quantity of love,make up my sum.Shakesp

14、eare:HamletIBM ThinkPad:Where the worlds most innovative people choose to think.(2003 Ad.)第17页/共83页Same age,same background,but dumb as an ox.Ellipsis.He and I are the same age and have the same background but he is as dumb as ox.The use of elliptical sentences,together with short sentences and dash

15、es help maintain the speed of the narration.dumb as an ox:Simile,as stupid as an ox;very stupid.This kind of simile reflects differences in culture because the Chinese would not consider an ox dumb but would link dumbness to a donkey.第18页/共83页nothing upstairsnothing upstairs:(American slang)empty-he

16、aded;a nitwit The corresponding British slang is“unfurnished in the upper storey”.第19页/共83页Fads,negation of reason.I believe following passing crazes shows a complete lack of sound judgment.Submit:to offer as an opinion;suggest,proposeVery negation:the complete(absolute)lack or opposite of some posi

17、tive character or qualityReason:sound thought or judgment;good sense 第20页/共83页Words and expressions keen,calculating,perspicaciousAcute and astuteA giant intellectDumb as an oxNothing upstairsImpressionableTo sweep away/to be swept awayTo surrender oneself toThe acme of 第21页/共83页Paras 7-59 the deal“

18、I”came back to the dormitory to find petey all depressed?Why?Why does he want to have a raccoon coat so badly?With what purpose did I help him to get the coat?what kind of girl was Polly?Where did I get the coat?第22页/共83页Raccoon and raccoon coat第23页/共83页She was,to be sure,a girl who excited the emot

19、ions.She was beautiful and attractive enough to arouse the desires and passions of men.第24页/共83页But I was not oneentirely cerebral reason.but I would not let feelings or emotions get the upper hand of reason or good sense.Im guided in my actions by reason and good sense and not by feelings and emoti

20、ons.to let my heart rule my head:metonymy.“Heart”stands for“feelings and emotions”and“head”for“reason and good sense”.第25页/共83页shrewd:clever;sharp in practical affairscalculated:undertaken or accepted after the probable results have been estimatedcerebral:(humorous)requiring the use of the intellect

21、;intellectual rather than emotional 第26页/共83页With one omission,Polly fitted the specifications perfectly.Specification:(usu.plural)a statement or enumeration of particulars,as to actual or required size,quality,performance,terms,etc.Notice the use of“specifications”.The narrator wanted to sound exac

22、tly like somebody talking about a serious business transaction.第27页/共83页Pin-up:(American colloquialism)designating a girl whose sexual attractiveness makes her a subject for the kind of pictures often pinned up on wallsproportion:lines,shapes of the bodysupply the lack:supply what is wanting He impl

23、ies that time will give her a perfect figure.But he deliberately avoids using those explicit words describing female physical attractions.第28页/共83页She already had the makings.Makings:the material or qualities needed for the making or development of somethingShe already had all the physical qualities

24、 needed for developing into a very beautiful woman.第29页/共83页Carriage,bearing,poiseSynonymous“bearing”,in the context,denotes manner of carrying or conducting oneself and refers to characteristic physical and mental posture.“Carriage”,also applies to posture,specifically stresses the physical aspects

25、 of a persons bearing,e.g.an erect carriage.第30页/共83页pot roast:meat,usually a large cut of beef,cooked in one piece by braisingwithout even getting her fingers moist:(showing her dainty and refined table manner)Her fingers didnt even get slightly wet.The implied humor is that the woman had an usuall

26、y good appetite.She wolfed down everything.第31页/共83页In fact she veered in the opposite direction.veer:to change direction;to shift;to turn or swing around.In fact,she went in the opposite direction.This is a sarcastic way of saying that she was rather stupid.第32页/共83页I mean are you going steady or a

27、nything like that?to go steady:(American colloquialism)to date someone of the opposite sex regularly and exclusively;be sweetheartsI mean are you two sweethearts?第33页/共83页I said with a mysterious winkA transferred epithet.He said mysteriously with a wink(the wink was not mysterious).第34页/共83页Stutz B

28、earcat斯图兹勇士 第35页/共83页He was a torn man.He was agitated and tormented,not knowing what was the right thing to do?第36页/共83页Then he turned away and set his jaw resolutely.Set his jaw:he put his jaw in a fixed or rigid position.This action shows his fixed,unyielding determination.第37页/共83页he just stood

29、and stared with mad lust at he coat.Hyperbole.Its an exaggeration to describe his longing for the coat as“mad lust”.He stood there,looking with great longing at the coat.Mad lust:frantic,insane,overmastering desire第38页/共83页Its just been a casual kick-just a few laughs,thats all.Casual kick:(American

30、 slang)an occasional pleasure;a casual relationship;a passing affair;not a serous commitmentA final reason that eases Peteys conscience.We occasionally went out for a bit of fun,thats all.第39页/共83页Words and expressionsIncredulous/incredibleBe in the swimIt so happened thatTo covetTo smarten upRevere

31、ntTo set ones jawTo go steady with sb.第40页/共83页Paras 60-61 the first dateHow did the narrators first date go with Polly?From the language Polly used,what kind of girl is she?With Pollys disheartening stupidity,did the narrator intend to give her up?第41页/共83页Pollys language The writer deliberately ma

32、kes Polly use a lot of exclamatory words like”Gee,O,wow-dow”and clipped vulgar forms like“delish,marvy,sensaysh”,etc.to create the impression of a simple and rather stupid girl.Pollys language strongly contrasts with that of the narrators,thus increasing the force of satire and irony.第42页/共83页Langua

33、ge in Para 61Formal.The narrator felt depressed after the first date with Polly.To bring this feeling out,and to create a humorous effect,the writer uses formal phrases such as“with a heavy heart”,“gravely underestimated the size of the task”,“lack of information”,“a project of no small dimensions”,

34、etc.第43页/共83页This loomed as a project of no small dimensionsTo teach her to think appeared to be a vey big task,and at first I even thought of giving her back to petey.No small dimensions:understatement or litotes,第44页/共83页Understatement(Litotes&meiosis)a figure of speech with deliberate use of unde

35、rstating a fact,impressing the listener or the reader more by what is mere implied or left unsaid than by bare statement.Litotes:understatement by the use of negative He was a man of no mean wealth.Its no laughing matter.Meiosis:understatement without the use of negation 第45页/共83页But then I got to t

36、hink about her abundant physical charmsknife and forkThe way she entered a room:her carriage and poise of bearingThe way she handled a knife and fork:her refined table mannersIn this sentence,the narrator recapitulates Pollys good points or those qualities which made him choose Polly as his prospect

37、ive wife.第46页/共83页Words and expressionsA heavy heartBe tempted toAbundant第47页/共83页Paras 62-98 the first logic lessonWhy did the narrator want to teach Polly logic?Did the first logic lesson go very well with Polly?Was“I”ready to give up yet?第48页/共83页 you would go far to find another so agreeable.Its

38、 not that easy to find a girl so agreeable.第49页/共83页It will be better if you stop tugging my sleevesIt will be better:a request showing displeasureIts quite brusque for the narrator to say things to Polly in this way,showing his disrespect for Polly.第50页/共83页I was getting nowhere with this girl.Get

39、nowhere:to make no progress;accomplish nothing.I was making no progress with this girl.第51页/共83页This girl simply had a logic-proof head.-proof:resistant to,unaffected by.E.g.logic-proof,fireproof,waterproof,etc.Polly had a head that was resistant to logic.第52页/共83页Who knew?A rhetorical question,expr

40、essing some doubt or some hope.He might succeed in teaching Polly some logic.Nobody could tell for sure.第53页/共83页Maybe somewhere in the a few embers still smoldered.Mparing Pollys mind to the extinct crater of a volcane,and“embers”to some sparks of intelligence.Perhaps there is still some intelligen

41、ce left in Pollys empty(or stupid)mind.也许在她死火山般的脑袋里，还有一点余火仍在闪烁冒烟。第54页/共83页Admittedly it was not a prospect fraught with hope.Admittedly:by general admission,everyone will admit thatTo be fraught with:to be filled,charged,or loaded withOne must admit that the outcome does not look very hopeful.第55页/共

42、83页Words and expressionsHave all the facts at ones finger tipsTrysting placeEarnestlyIt will be better if ExasperationTo plunge aheadTo be fraught with 第56页/共83页Paras 99-123 the second logic lessonDid the narrator finally succeed to make Polly understand some logic on the second logic lesson?第57页/共8

43、3页it just knocked me out.Knock(oneself)out:(American slang)to elicit enthusiasm or an emotional response,especially deep sympathy or laughterI was excited and filled with pleasure by the movie.第58页/共83页That Walter Pidgeon is so dreamy.That:adjective,designating someone not described but well known o

44、r easily recognizable.Dreamy:(American slang)a general term of approval;excellent,wonderful,delightful,etc.That well-known actor Walter Pidgeon is so wonderful 第59页/共83页There is a limit to what flesh and blood can bear.Flesh and blood:synecdoche,material for the thing madeThere is a limit to what an

45、y human being can bear.第60页/共83页Poisoning the wellThe logical fallacy“ad hominem”or speaking“against the man”rather than to the issue.The writer compares“the personal attack on a person holding some thesis”to“poisoning the well”a metaphor.第61页/共83页I watched her closely as she knit in concentration.K

46、nit the brow:to draw the brows together(as when thinking very hard)Creamy:soft,white color(of Pollys complexion.I watched her as she thought very hard.第62页/共83页a glimmer of intelligence came into her eyesA glimmer of intelligence:一丝智慧的闪光From her eyes I could see that for the first time she was begin

47、ning to understand the problem.第63页/共83页with an airy wave of her handShe waved her hand in a vivacious or gay manner.This showed that she was pleased with the praise she received from her boyfriend.第64页/共83页Over and over and over again I without let-up.To hammer away(at):to keep emphasizing or talki

48、ng aboutLet-up:stopping,relaxingOver and over again I gave examples and pointed out the logical mistakes involved.I kept emphasizing all this without stopping.第65页/共83页Words and expressionsTo appeal to sthBlubberBriefTo knock oneself outHamstring/to hamstringTo hammer away atTo persist第66页/共83页Para

49、124-the proposalDid the narrator love Polly?How did Polly respond to the narrators arguments for going steady with her?Why did he reject him?第67页/共83页I had made a logician out of Polly.I had turned Polly into a logician.To make a logician out of polly:把波莉培养成了逻辑学家。第68页/共83页She was a fit wife for mefo

50、r my well-heeled children.Mansion:a large,imposing house;stately residenceWell-heeled children:(American slang)rich,prosperousHere the narrator describes the role,which he thinks,a wife should play.First she should be a proper hostess of a rich man who owns many mansions.In other words she should be