第九节--情态动词和虚拟语气.ppt

《第九节--情态动词和虚拟语气.ppt》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《第九节--情态动词和虚拟语气.ppt（57页珍藏版）》请在淘文阁 - 分享文档赚钱的网站上搜索。

1、1 由由于于情情态态动动词词表表示示主主语语的的情情感感、意意志志、能能力力或或决决心心等等感感情情,因因此此一一定定要要在在真真实实的的交交际际情情景景中中学学习习并并领领悟悟每每个个情情态态动动词词的的含含义义及及用用法法,做做题题时时一一定定要要从从上上下下文文中中把把握握主主语语的的情情感感和说话的语气。掌握情态动词从以下两个方面入手：和说话的语气。掌握情态动词从以下两个方面入手：3情态动词 精精 讲讲 精精 练练一、掌握下列情态动词的基本用法一、掌握下列情态动词的基本用法二、情态动词表示推测或判断的用法二、情态动词表示推测或判断的用法23情态动词 精精 讲讲 精精 练练一、掌握下列情

2、态动词的基本用法一、掌握下列情态动词的基本用法can/could may must shouldbe able to might have to ought toShall would had better needWill used to would rather dare3 精精 讲讲 精精 练练a)can和be able to都表示能力,意思上没多大区别。但 can只有现在和过去时,而be able to则有更多的形式。uYoure old enough to be able to tell right from wrong.(不能用can)uIm eager to go to coll

3、ege,but my parents cant afford the advanced education.(=arent able to)3情态动词一、掌握下列情态动词的基本用法一、掌握下列情态动词的基本用法 1.can/be able to/could4 精精 讲讲 精精 练练a)can和be able to都表示能力,意思上没多大区别。但 can只有现在和过去时,而be able to则有更多的形式。uYoure old enough to be able to tell right from wrong.(不能用can)uIm eager to go to college,but my

4、 parents cant afford the advanced education.(=arent able to)3情态动词一、掌握下列情态动词的基本用法一、掌握下列情态动词的基本用法 1.can/be able to/could 注意注意当成功地完成某一具体动作时,通常用was/were able to来表示。这时was/were able to 相当于managed to,表示经过一番努力,终于能够完成某事。The fire spread through the hotel very quickly but everyone was able to get out in the en

5、d.5 精精 讲讲 精精 练练b)can和could都可以表示能力、技能、许可、建议或请求和可能性。但比较委婉客气地提出问题或陈述看法,一般could,回答时则用can。u Could I use your ruler?Of course,you can.uIm afraid you cant go home now.It is your turn to clean the classroom.3情态动词一、掌握下列情态动词的基本用法一、掌握下列情态动词的基本用法 1.can/be able to/could6 精精 讲讲 精精 练练b)can和could都可以表示能力、技能、许可、建议或请求

6、和可能性。但比较委婉客气地提出问题或陈述看法,一般could,回答时则用can。u Could I use your ruler?Of course,you can.uIm afraid you cant go home now.It is your turn to clean the classroom.3情态动词一、掌握下列情态动词的基本用法一、掌握下列情态动词的基本用法 1.can/be able to/could 注意注意can的特殊用法：的特殊用法：1.表示一种客观存在或偶然会发生的可能性。uClever as he is,he can do something foolish.uI

7、t is warm all the year round in Shenzhen.But sometimes it can be very cold in winter.uIt can be dangerous to practice gymnastics alone.Youd better practice with your teammates.7 精精 讲讲 精精 练练b)can和could都可以表示能力、技能、许可、建议或请求和可能性。但比较委婉客气地提出问题或陈述看法,一般could,回答时则用can。u Could I use your ruler?Of course,you ca

8、n.uIm afraid you cant go home now.It is your turn to clean the classroom.3情态动词一、掌握下列情态动词的基本用法一、掌握下列情态动词的基本用法 1.can/be able to/could 注意注意can的特殊用法：的特殊用法：2.在口语中,can能用来表示责备。uHow can you say(do)that?8 精精 讲讲 精精 练练 表示“允许”,或提出请求。may用于现在时或将来时,might常用在间接引语中表过去时,但might也可用于现在时间,表示比较委婉的语气,回答用may。u May I come to

9、the party?You may come if you wish.3情态动词一、掌握下列情态动词的基本用法一、掌握下列情态动词的基本用法 2.may/might9 精精 讲讲 精精 练练(1)must表示必须,应该,没有时态变化。其否定式mustnt表示禁止做某事,语气很强。uYou must do everything as I do.(2)have to 表示“必须、不得不”,是由于某种外界(客观)原因而“必须”,“不得不”做某事。注意其否定或疑问需借助助动词do dont have to=neednt。have to可用于多种时态中。uYou will have to clean y

10、our own boots when you join the army.u Must I stay behind after school?No,you dont have to(=neednt).3情态动词一、掌握下列情态动词的基本用法一、掌握下列情态动词的基本用法 3.must/have to10 精精 讲讲 精精 练练(1)must表示必须,应该,没有时态变化。其否定式mustnt表示禁止做某事,语气很强。uYou must do everything as I do.(2)have to 表示“必须、不得不”,是由于某种外界(客观)原因而“必须”,“不得不”做某事。注意其否定或疑问需

11、借助助动词do dont have to=neednt。have to可用于多种时态中。uYou will have to clean your own boots when you join the army.u Must I stay behind after school?No,you dont have to(=neednt).3情态动词一、掌握下列情态动词的基本用法一、掌握下列情态动词的基本用法 3.must/have to 注意注意must 表示责备、抱怨的感情色彩,意思为“偏偏,偏要”。Why must you always interrupt me?John,look at t

12、he time.Must you play the piano at such a late hour?11 精精 讲讲 精精 练练 should和ought to表示义务和责任或提出建议“应当、应该”,前者比后者语气轻。但should的使用频率高多了。另外注意ought to 的否定及疑问式。uAs classmates,we should help each other and encourage each other.uI think we should take your fathers advice.After all,he is much more experienced than

13、 us.uOught I to write a letter to thank him?uYou oughtnt to let your dog run on the street.3情态动词一、掌握下列情态动词的基本用法一、掌握下列情态动词的基本用法 4.should/ought to12 精精 讲讲 精精 练练 should和ought to表示义务和责任或提出建议“应当、应该”,前者比后者语气轻。但should的使用频率高多了。另外注意ought to 的否定及疑问式。uAs classmates,we should help each other and encourage each

14、other.uI think we should take your fathers advice.After all,he is much more experienced than us.uOught I to write a letter to thank him?uYou oughtnt to let your dog run on the street.3情态动词一、掌握下列情态动词的基本用法一、掌握下列情态动词的基本用法 4.should/ought to 注意注意1.用在主语从句和sorry,anxious,happy,delighted或a pity后的从句中,表示说话人失望、

15、吃惊、欣慰等多种语气。uIts important that we should make the best of our limited time.uIts a pity that he should have given up such a good chance.should 的特殊用法：的特殊用法：13 精精 讲讲 精精 练练 should和ought to表示义务和责任或提出建议“应当、应该”,前者比后者语气轻。但should的使用频率高多了。另外注意ought to 的否定及疑问式。uAs classmates,we should help each other and encou

16、rage each other.uI think we should take your fathers advice.After all,he is much more experienced than us.uOught I to write a letter to thank him?uYou oughtnt to let your dog run on the street.3情态动词一、掌握下列情态动词的基本用法一、掌握下列情态动词的基本用法 4.should/ought to 注意注意1.用在主语从句和sorry,anxious,happy,delighted,或a pity后的从

17、句中,表示说话人失望、吃惊、欣慰等多种语气。uIm sorry that you should feel uncomfortable here.uThat he should speak to you like that is quite astonishing.uIm delighted he should take that view.should 的特殊用法：的特殊用法：14 精精 讲讲 精精 练练 should和ought to表示义务和责任或提出建议“应当、应该”,前者比后者语气轻。但should的使用频率高多了。另外注意ought to 的否定及疑问式。uAs classmates

18、,we should help each other and encourage each other.uI think we should take your fathers advice.After all,he is much more experienced than us.uOught I to write a letter to thank him?uYou oughtnt to let your dog run on the street.3情态动词一、掌握下列情态动词的基本用法一、掌握下列情态动词的基本用法 4.should/ought to 注意注意2.与疑问词连用,表示不感

19、兴趣、难以相信等。uHow should I know?uWhy should he think that?should 的特殊用法：的特殊用法：15 精精 讲讲 精精 练练 should和ought to表示义务和责任或提出建议“应当、应该”,前者比后者语气轻。但should的使用频率高多了。另外注意ought to 的否定及疑问式。uAs classmates,we should help each other and encourage each other.uI think we should take your fathers advice.After all,he is much

20、more experienced than us.uOught I to write a letter to thank him?uYou oughtnt to let your dog run on the street.3情态动词一、掌握下列情态动词的基本用法一、掌握下列情态动词的基本用法 4.should/ought to 注意注意3.与疑问词连用,表示惊讶uI was thinking to see John when who should appear but John.(想不到)uI turned around on the bus and who should be sittin

21、g behind me but my ex-wife.(谁料)should 的特殊用法：的特殊用法：16 精精 讲讲 精精 练练 should和ought to表示义务和责任或提出建议“应当、应该”,前者比后者语气轻。但should的使用频率高多了。另外注意ought to 的否定及疑问式。uAs classmates,we should help each other and encourage each other.uI think we should take your fathers advice.After all,he is much more experienced than u

22、s.uOught I to write a letter to thank him?uYou oughtnt to let your dog run on the street.3情态动词一、掌握下列情态动词的基本用法一、掌握下列情态动词的基本用法 4.should/ought to 注意注意4.if,in case之后,表示某事不太可能发生。uIf you should change your mind,do let me know.(万一)should 的特殊用法：的特殊用法：17 精精 讲讲 精精 练练3情态动词一、掌握下列情态动词的基本用法一、掌握下列情态动词的基本用法 5.will/

23、woulda)will用于各种人称表示“意志”、“意愿”或“决心”等否定式wont+动词。用would更客气。uIf you will listen to me,Ill give you some advice.(愿意)u Dont forget to pay back money on time.I wont.(表“决心”)b)will/would用于疑问句中,常用在第二人称时表示说话人向对方提出“请求”或“询问对方的意见”。uWill you please tell her the news when you see her?18 精精 讲讲 精精 练练3情态动词一、掌握下列情态动词的基本

24、用法一、掌握下列情态动词的基本用法 5.will/wouldc)will/would 表示习惯性的动作,有“总是”、“会”的含义。uWhen winter comes,birds will fly to the south.uIf you get him talking,he will keep on talking unless you leave him.uIn those days,the old woman would sit at the gate for hours,waiting for his son to come back from the front.19 精精 讲讲 精

25、精 练练3情态动词一、掌握下列情态动词的基本用法一、掌握下列情态动词的基本用法 5.will/wouldc)will/would 表示习惯性的动作,有“总是”、“会”的含义。uWhen winter comes,birds will fly to the south.uIf you get him talking,he will keep on talking unless you leave him.uIn those days,the old woman would sit at the gate for hours,waiting for his son to come back fro

26、m the front.注意注意would 与与used to的区别：的区别：used to表示过去常常发生的动作或存在的习惯,但现在已不复存在了,而would无此对比。When he was there,he would go to that coffee shop at the corner after work every day.We used to be good friends,but now she seldom speaks to me.20 精精 讲讲 精精 练练3情态动词一、掌握下列情态动词的基本用法一、掌握下列情态动词的基本用法 5.will/wouldc)will/wo

27、uld 表示习惯性的动作,有“总是”、“会”的含义。uWhen winter comes,birds will fly to the south.uIf you get him talking,he will keep on talking unless you leave him.uIn those days,the old woman would sit at the gate for hours,waiting for his son to come back from the front.注意注意would 与与used to的区别：的区别：used to表示过去常常发生的动作或存在的

28、习惯,但现在已不复存在了,而would无此对比。used to的否定和疑问可以借助助动词did,也可以不借助助动词。We usednt to(didnt use to)have any school here,but now we have three.21 精精 讲讲 精精 练练3情态动词一、掌握下列情态动词的基本用法一、掌握下列情态动词的基本用法 6.need/dare两词既可作情态动词,也可作实义动词。作实义动词时后面的动词不定式要带to,其变化与一般动词相同。need作“必要”讲,dare表示“敢”。uThe youth should dare to think and dare to

29、 act.uYou need to take an umbrella.It looks like rain.need 和 dare 用作情态动词,主要用于否定、疑问句。uHe dared not go near the fierce dog because he was afraid of being bitten by it.uNeed I go to school in such a hurry?Yes,you must.(No,you neednt.)22 精精 讲讲 精精 练练3情态动词一、掌握下列情态动词的基本用法一、掌握下列情态动词的基本用法 6.need/dare另外：dare还

30、常用在if/whether 之后。uIf you dare breathe a word about it,Ill never speak to you again.are作实义动词,后面可带to,也可以省略to。另外 I dare say 为习惯语,意为“我相信”。She doesnt dare(to)ask her father.I dare say,he will regret what he has done some day。注意注意23 精精 讲讲 精精 练练3情态动词一、掌握下列情态动词的基本用法一、掌握下列情态动词的基本用法 7.shalla)在疑问句中,shall用于征求对方

31、的意见或请求指示,常用于第一、第三人称。u Shall we go for a ride after school?Good idea.uAll the students have finished the examination papers.Shall they hand in the papers now or wait until the bell rings？24 精精 讲讲 精精 练练3情态动词一、掌握下列情态动词的基本用法一、掌握下列情态动词的基本用法 7.shallb)shall作为情态动词用于第二、三人称,表示说话人的意愿,有“命令”、“警告、威胁、强制”和“允许”等意思。u

32、You shall use the dictionary as long as you take good care of it.25 精精 讲讲 精精 练练3情态动词二、情态动词表示推测或判断的用法二、情态动词表示推测或判断的用法情态动词情态动词mustmay/mightcan/couldshould对现在和未对现在和未来的推测来的推测must do/beMay/might do/beCan/could do/be表示一种估计的情况“按理会/估计会”should do/be对正在发生对正在发生事情的推测事情的推测must be doingMay/might be doingCan/could

33、 be doingshould be doing对过去推测对过去推测must have doneMay/might have donecan/could have doneshould have done使用场合使用场合肯定句肯定句、否定句否定句、疑问句(could可用于肯定句)肯定句、否定句、疑问句26 精精 讲讲 精精 练练1.肯定的推测一般用must,should,may(might)或could(不用can),其中,must的语气最强,译为“肯定”、should的语气 次 之,译 为“很 可 能”、“应 该”;按 常 理 推,may(might),could语气最弱,译为“也许”。uH

34、e has bought a very expensive car.He must have earned a large sum of money.uThe road should be less crowded at such early hour.u Are you coming to Jeffs party?u Im not sure.I may go to the concert instead.3情态动词二、情态动词表示推测或判断的用法二、情态动词表示推测或判断的用法27 精精 讲讲 精精 练练2.否定的推测：语气不很肯定时,常用may not,might not或could no

35、t,译为“可能不、也许不”;否定语气较强时,则用cant,译为“根本不可能、想必不会”,用于疑问句表示惊异、怀疑的感情色彩时,用can。uShe may not be at home.=It is possible that she is not at home.uShe cant be at home.=It is impossible that she is at home.u Look!Someone is coming.Who can it be?Can it be our headmaster?It cant be him.Our headmaster is much taller.

36、3情态动词二、情态动词表示推测或判断的用法二、情态动词表示推测或判断的用法28 精精 讲讲 精精 练练3.情态动词表推测时,后接动词原形,表示对现在存在的情况的推测；接be doing时,表示对正在发生的情况的推测；接have done 时,表示对过去某时发生或到现在为止已经发生的情况的推测。uHe must live in this building,for every morning I see him come out of the building.uHurry up!He may be waiting for us.uLook at his cheerful expression.M

37、ary must have told him the good news.uHe couldnt have met the specialist yesterday.3情态动词二、情态动词表示推测或判断的用法二、情态动词表示推测或判断的用法29 精精 讲讲 精精 练练4.掌握推测性情态动词反意疑问句的构成方式情态动词表推测用于反意疑问句时,反意疑问部分的动词通常不能直接用情态动词,而应使用其后面实义动词的相关时态形式。uHe cant be serious,is he?uHe must have gone to Beijing yesterday,didnt he?uThey cant hav

38、e received my letter,have they?3情态动词二、情态动词表示推测或判断的用法二、情态动词表示推测或判断的用法30 精精 讲讲 精精 练练5.情态动词在虚拟语气中的用法情态动词用于虚拟语气中表示责备等感情色彩：(1)should(ought to)have done表示“本来应该做某事而实际上未做”,而shouldnt(ought not to)have done则表示“本不应该做某事而实际上做了”。uYou should have told me about it earlier.(但没有)uYou shouldnt have said such words to

39、your parents.(但已说了)3情态动词二、情态动词表示推测或判断的用法二、情态动词表示推测或判断的用法31 精精 讲讲 精精 练练5.情态动词在虚拟语气中的用法情态动词用于虚拟语气中表示责备等感情色彩：(2)neednt have done表示“本无必要做某事而实际上做了”。uYou neednt have walked so quickly since time was enough.(3)could have done表示“本来有可能而事实上未做到”。uI could have come on time,but my car broke down on the way.3情态动词

40、二、情态动词表示推测或判断的用法二、情态动词表示推测或判断的用法32 精精 讲讲 精精 练练 虚拟语气用来表示与客观事实相反或实现的可能性很小的一种假设。主要用于含有if条件句的复合句及wish后的宾语从句和as if 从句中。1.注意熟记虚拟语气的各种形式,虚拟语气动词的基本形式为过去式。2.从上下文判断语气,尤其注意识别含蓄虚拟语气。uWithout the leadership of the party,we could not be living a happy life today.=If there hadnt been the leadership of the party,we

41、 could not be living a happy life today.uI should have called to make an airline reservation,but I didnt.3虚拟动词33 精精 讲讲 精精 练练一、虚拟语气用于条件句中一、虚拟语气用于条件句中,其形式为其形式为3虚拟动词构成时间构成时间虚拟条件句虚拟条件句主句主句例句例句与现在事与现在事实不符实不符If+主语+动词过去式(be用were)主语+would+动词原形If I were you,I would spare no efforts to study now.与过去事与过去事实不符实不

42、符If+主语+had done主语+would+have doneIf we had started out earlier,we wouldnt have missed the train.与将来事与将来事实不符实不符If+主语+should+动词原形/动词过去式(be用were)主语+would+动词原形If I should go abroad one day,I would take you along.34 精精 讲讲 精精 练练一、虚拟语气用于条件句中一、虚拟语气用于条件句中,其形式为其形式为3虚拟动词 注意注意 当当从从句句的的谓谓语语中中含含有有should,were,had时

43、时,可可将将If省省略略,同同时时,将将should,were,had提到句首。提到句首。uWere I a boy(If I were a boy),I would join the army.uHad he taken my advice(If he had taken my advice),he would have succeeded.uShould anyone call me(=If anyone should call me),ask him to leave a message.35 精精 讲讲 精精 练练“wish+宾语从句”表示不能实现的愿望,译为“要是就好了”等。表示现在

44、不能实现的愿望,从句中的谓语动词用一般过去时;表示将来不能实现的愿望,从句中的谓语动词用“would/could+动词原形”;表示过去不能实现的愿望,从句中的谓语动词用“had+过去分词”或“could(should)+have+过去分词”,as if表示好像如此,但事实并非如此,其动词的变化形式与wish后从句中的谓语动词变化一致。3虚拟动词二、虚拟语气用于二、虚拟语气用于wish后的宾语从句及后的宾语从句及as if从句中从句中36 精精 讲讲 精精 练练uI wish I was a bird and flew to you at any time.=If only I was a bi

45、rd and flew to you at any time.uHow I wish I had studied hard when at school!=If only I had studied hard when at school!uI wish I could cheer for you tomorrow,butuIf you put a pencil in a cup of water,it looks as if(though)it were broken.uHe talked as if(though)he had been to the moon.3虚拟动词二、虚拟语气用于二

46、、虚拟语气用于wish后的宾语从句及后的宾语从句及as if从句中从句中37 精精 讲讲 精精 练练3虚拟动词二、虚拟语气用于二、虚拟语气用于wish后的宾语从句及后的宾语从句及as if从句中从句中 注意注意 as if(though)从从句句如如果果是是客客观观事事实实,则则不不用用虚虚拟拟语语气气,用陈述语气。用陈述语气。uIt looks as if it isnt clean enough to bathe here.uLook at the clouds!It looks as if it is going to rain.38 精精 讲讲 精精 练练用于suggest,insis

47、t,order,command,require,request后的宾语从句中及其由这些词转化而成的名词所带的同位语从句及它们的表语从句一般用虚拟语气,即：(should)(not)do。表示“建议,坚持,命令,要求某人应该去(不去)做某事”,并非表示与事实相反,从句中的动作还未发生uThe teacher suggests that we(should)read two English articles every day.uIt is suggested that we(should)read two English articles every day.uThe teachers sugg

48、estion is that we(should)read two English articles every day。3虚拟动词三、虚拟语气三、虚拟语气39 精精 讲讲 精精 练练3虚拟动词三、虚拟语气三、虚拟语气 注意注意 当当suggest的的意意思思是是“暗暗示示,表表明明”,insist的的意意思思是是“坚坚持持说说”而而不不表表示示某某人人应应该该去去做做某某事事时时,它它们们的的宾宾语语从从句句不不能能用用虚拟语气虚拟语气,而应用陈述语气。而应用陈述语气。uThe doctor insisted that the patient was seriously ill and he

49、 should be operated on at once.uThe smile on his face suggests he was satisfied with my answer.40 精精 讲讲 精精 练练1.Its high time that we got down to working hard.=Its high time that we should get down to working hard.(should不能省略)2.Id rather you left me by myself.3.If it had not been for the heavy rain,w

50、e would have enjoyed ourselves more.(If从句可用 Without the heavy rain或 But for the heavy rain 代替。)3虚拟动词四、虚拟语气用于以下三个句型中四、虚拟语气用于以下三个句型中41 精精 讲讲 精精 练练3虚拟动词四、虚拟语气用于以下三个句型中四、虚拟语气用于以下三个句型中 注意注意1.有有时时假假设设的的情情况况并并不不用用条条件件从从句句表表示示而而是是通通过过介介词词短短语语、副词或通过上下文等方式表达出来副词或通过上下文等方式表达出来,这叫含蓄条件句。这叫含蓄条件句。uWithout your help