高考英语复习课件-非谓语动词.ppt
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1、非谓语动词学好非谓语动词对于理解阅读材料学好非谓语动词对于理解阅读材料中结构比较复杂的长句,对于写作中结构比较复杂的长句,对于写作得高分非常有用。得高分非常有用。不定式不定式动名词动名词分词分词非谓语动词非谓语动词分类分类动词不定式无人称和数的变化动词不定式无人称和数的变化,但有但有时态和语态的变化。时态和语态的变化。不定式不定式时态时态 语态语态主动语态主动语态 被动语态被动语态一般式一般式 to write to write to be to be written written 进行式进行式 to be to be writing writing 完成式完成式 to have to ha
2、ve written written to have to have been been written written 完成进行式完成进行式to have been to have been writing writing 1.作主语侧重于动作的具体性和将来性To play basketballTo play basketball is a great pleasure.is a great pleasure.但为使句子平衡但为使句子平衡但为使句子平衡但为使句子平衡,常用常用常用常用it it 代它作主语代它作主语代它作主语代它作主语,把它移到句把它移到句把它移到句把它移到句子后部去子后部去
3、子后部去子后部去.It It is a great pleasureis a great pleasure to play basketball.to play basketball.(二)、不定式的句法功能主语 宾语表语定语状语2.作宾语A.跟不定式作宾语的常见动词:()hope,want,expect,wish,desire,like,love,dislike,hate,plan,intend,mean,prepare,decide,determine,afford,fail,manage,try、dare,help,promise、refuse、learn、offer、agree、for
4、get,bother.B.常跟疑问词+不定式作宾语的动词:tell,advise,show,teach,findout,decide,discuss,learn,explaintellsbwhattodo3.作表语A.表示按计划和安排将要发生的事情。HeisHeistomarryRosetomarryRose.B.B.表示主语的内容,但侧重于目的性。Herwishwastobecomeanartist.C.表示情态意义(应该,必须)。Theformistobefilledinandreturnedwithinaweek.SheisSheistoblametoblame.4.不定式作定语A.一般
5、表示将发生的情况,放在名词后。一般表示将发生的情况,放在名词后。Charles Lindbergh is the first man to fly the Atlantic alone.(主谓关系主谓关系)She has a good chance to go to college.(同同位关系位关系)He has got lots of questions to ask.(动宾关动宾关系系)注意注意:1.如不定式与它所修饰的词有动如不定式与它所修饰的词有动宾关系宾关系,而这个不定式又是不及物动词而这个不定式又是不及物动词,它后面应有必要的介词。它后面应有必要的介词。There is noth
6、ing to worry about.2.不定式所修饰的名词是不定式的动不定式所修饰的名词是不定式的动作所发生的地点或所使用的工具时作所发生的地点或所使用的工具时,它后面要带上必要的介词。它后面要带上必要的介词。I need a pen to write with.He is looking for a room to live in.5.不定式作宾语补足语跟不定式作宾语补足语的动词跟不定式作宾语补足语的动词跟不定式作宾语补足语的动词跟不定式作宾语补足语的动词A.let,have,make,get等表使役的动词等表使役的动词Theymadeusgowiththem.注意注意:Let/have/
7、makesb.do;getsb.todoTheygotustogowiththem.B.ask,tell,request,order等表要求等表要求,命命令的动词令的动词Thechairmanrequestedthememberstobesilent.C.allow,permit,forbid等表许可或禁止等表许可或禁止的动词的动词Theguardforbademetoenter.D.wish,want,expect,intend等表希望的等表希望的动词动词(hope无此用法无此用法)Manyparentsexpecttheirchildrentostudyabroad.E.seesee、wa
8、tchwatch、noticenotice、hearhear、listentolistento、observeobserve、feelfeel等表感官的动词等表感官的动词等表感官的动词等表感官的动词Inoticedtearscomeintohiseyes.Inoticedtearscomeintohiseyes.Weoftenhearhersingthesongathome.Weoftenhearhersingthesongathome.注注注注:感官动词后的不定式均不带感官动词后的不定式均不带感官动词后的不定式均不带感官动词后的不定式均不带totoF.其他动词其他动词advise,help,
9、persuade,encourage,warn,cause,force,remindPleaseremindmetotaketheraincoat.6.不定式作状语1 1)不定式作目的状语不定式作目的状语Tim sat near the fire to get warm.The athletes practised hard to win the match.强调强调作目的状语的不定式作目的状语的不定式,常用常用inorder(not)to,soas(not)to短语短语.前者可放在句首前者可放在句首,也可放在句中也可放在句中;后者后者只能放在句中。只能放在句中。2).不定式作结果状语作结果状
10、语的不定式常用于一些固定搭常用于一些固定搭配中。如配中。如:tooto,enoughto,sufficientto,onlyto,neverto,so+形容词形容词/副词副词+asto,such+名词名词+astodo引导。引导。Wouldyoubesokindastostepthisway,please?Itriedthedoor,onlytofinditlockedinside.Practice1(09江江 苏苏,26)SchoolsacrossChina are expected to hire 50,000college graduates this year asshort-term
11、 teachers,almost threetimes the number hired last year,_reduceunemploymentpressures.A.helpB.helpedC.tohelpD.havinghelpedC高考点击2(09全国)Thechildrenallturned_thefamousactressassheenteredtheclassroom.A.lookedatB.tolookatC.tolookingatD.lookatB3(09山东,22)Weareinvitedtoaparty_inourclubnextFriday.A.tobeheldB.h
12、eldC.beingheldD.holdingA4(09辽宁,27)_,youneedtogiveallyouhaveandtryyourbest.A.BeingawinnerB.TobeawinnerC.BeawinnerD.Havingbeenawinner5.(09安徽,28)The play _ nextmonth aims mainly to reflect the localculture.A.producedB.beingproducedC.tobeproducedD.havingbeenproducedBC时态时态 语态语态主动语态主动语态 被动语态被动语态一般式一般式 doi
13、ngdoingbeing done being done 完成式完成式 having donehaving donehaving been having been done done(一一).动名词动名词动名词动名词的语法形式的语法形式动名词动名词动名词动名词无人称和数的变化无人称和数的变化,但有时态和语态的但有时态和语态的变化变化.二、动名词(二二)、动名词的句法功能、动名词的句法功能具有名词的特征具有名词的特征,可充当成分可充当成分:主语主语宾语宾语表语表语定语定语1.动名词作主语Seeing is believing.Playing chess is fun.Its no use wai
14、ting here.动名词作主语,也可用it作形式主语.但只限于下面句型:1)动名词在“Itisnouse/nogood/fun/awasteoftime/agoodpleasure等名词+doing”结构中作主语,it为形式主语。例如:Itisnogoodwritingtohim;heneveranswersletters.Itisnousetalkingtoomuch.2)动名词在“Itisuseless/nice/good/interesting/worthwhile等形容词+doing”结构中作主语。例如:Itisniceplayingchessaftersupper.3)动名词在“T
15、hereis(was)no+doing”结构中作主语。例如:Thereisnodenyingthatsheisveryefficient.2.动名词作表语动名词作表语起名词作用动名词作表语起名词作用,表示主语的内容表示主语的内容,这这时动名词和主语的位置是可以交换的。时动名词和主语的位置是可以交换的。The nurses job is looking after the patients.=Looking after the patients is the nurses job.FourskillsofEnglishlearningFourskillsofEnglishlearningarea
16、re listening,speaking,readingandwritinglistening,speaking,readingandwriting.=listening,speaking,readingandwritinglistening,speaking,readingandwritingarearefourskillsofEnglishlearning.fourskillsofEnglishlearning.注注:动名词和不定式都可以作主语或表语动名词和不定式都可以作主语或表语,没有太没有太大区别。在表示经常习惯性动作多用动名词大区别。在表示经常习惯性动作多用动名词;在在表示具体某次
17、动作表示具体某次动作,特别是将来的动作时特别是将来的动作时,多用不多用不定式。定式。3.动名词作定语动名词作定语时,动名词和它所修饰的词动名词作定语时,动名词和它所修饰的词没有逻辑上的主谓关系没有逻辑上的主谓关系.。表示名词用途。表示名词用途。a racing car=a car that is used to racea swimming pool=a pool that is used to swim in 单个的动名词作单个的动名词作定语定语,放在被放在被修饰的词前修饰的词前;动名词短语作动名词短语作定语定语,放在被放在被修饰的词语后修饰的词语后;Do you know the slee
18、ping car on show?The boy sitting under the tree is reading.4.动名词作宾语1)动名词作动词宾语下列动词后只能接动名词:suggest,finish,avoid,stop,cant help,mind,enjoy,require,practise,miss,escape,pardon,advise,consider,imagine,keep,appreciate,escape,permit。I cant imagine marrying a girl of that sort.Irecommendbuyingthedictionary.
19、Willyouadmithavingbrokenthewindow?有些动词短语后也要求跟动名词作宾语。常这样用的动词短语有:leave off,put off,give up,look forward to,feel like,have trouble/difficulty(in)doing sth.devote to,get used to,pay attention to,be fond of,stick to,be worth,cantstand,canthelp.2 2)动名词作)动名词作)动名词作)动名词作介词介词宾语宾语宾语宾语注意注意:介词后如果需要非谓语动词作宾语介词后如果需
20、要非谓语动词作宾语,只能是动名词只能是动名词,不可用不定式不可用不定式。Areyougoodatplayingfootball?其他介词不易错其他介词不易错,重点是介词重点是介词to.因为不定因为不定式符号也是式符号也是to,所以一定要记住有关的短语。所以一定要记住有关的短语。look forward to,devoteto,get used to,pay attention to,stick to,on ones way to这些短语中的这些短语中的to都是介词。都是介词。I am used to watching TV in the evening.1.The man insisted_
21、a taxi for me even though I told him I lived nearby.A.find B.to find C.on finding D.in finding2.Its necessary to be prepared for a job interview._ the answers ready will be of great help.A.To have had B.Having had C.Have D.Having高考点击高考点击Practice3.I really cant understand _ her like that.A.you treat
22、B.you to treat B.C.why treat D.you treating4.He got well-prepared for the job interview,for he couldnt risk _ the good opportunity.A.to lose B.losing B.C.to be lost D.being lost返回三、分词现在分词与过去分词现在分词与过去分词.充当成分充当成分:宾语补足语宾语补足语,表语表语,定语定语,状语状语.(一)现在分词(一)现在分词(1).现在分词现在分词现在分词现在分词现在分词无人称和数的变化无人称和数的变化,但有时态和语态的
23、但有时态和语态的变化变化.其时态和语态的变化形式与动名词相同其时态和语态的变化形式与动名词相同.时态时态 语态语态主动语态主动语态 被动语态被动语态一般式一般式 doingdoingbeing done being done 完成式完成式 having donehaving donehaving been having been done done(2)、现在分词现在分词的句法功能的句法功能具有形容词和副词的特征具有形容词和副词的特征,可充可充当成分当成分:表语表语定语定语,宾语补足语宾语补足语,状语状语1.现在分词作表语现在分词作表语起形容词作用,说明主语的特征及主语所具备的动作功能。常译为
24、”使(令)怎样。”如:Thenewsisverydisappointing.Hisstoryisverymoving.(Encouraging,inspiring,exciting,interesting.)2.现在分词作定语现在分词作定语现在分词作定语现在分词作定语现在分词作定语,表示主动意义表示主动意义表示主动意义表示主动意义,它与所修饰的它与所修饰的它与所修饰的它与所修饰的名词构成名词构成名词构成名词构成 主谓关系主谓关系主谓关系主谓关系,通常可改为定语从句。通常可改为定语从句。通常可改为定语从句。通常可改为定语从句。它从以下两方面来说明中心词。它从以下两方面来说明中心词。它从以下两方面
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