雅思阅读考点词整理.docx

《雅思阅读考点词整理.docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《雅思阅读考点词整理.docx（23页珍藏版）》请在淘文阁 - 分享文档赚钱的网站上搜索。

1、雅思阅读考点词整理 雅思阅读备考中，我们可以通过分类学习来驾驭考点。今日我为大家打算的雅思阅读考点词，大家可以整理下来，便利我们利用备考中的珍贵时间进行学习和驾驭。接下来一起来看看我为大家打算的雅思阅读考点词。 雅思阅读考点词整理 考点词 雅思推断题的考点大致可以分为四类： 第一类：比较考点。 也就是考查单个事物或者多个事物就某一方面特性的比较。 通常来说特征词有如下一些：横向比较：better similar another the other relative most;纵向比较：future next second latter。对于这类考点，考点词就是比较部分的关键词。例如：10-1-

2、3 39.It is easier for smaller companies to be innovative. 很明显，根据我们刚才定位词的原则来看，smaller companies应当是这句话实际的主语，因此我们可以用它来做定位词。至于考点词，因为此句刚好是比较考点，因此考点词就是easier。 其次类：数字考点。 顾名思义，只要是题干出现的数字、百分比、年份、时间区间等等，我们都可以称之为数字考点。 数字考点考察的内容，通常来说就两类，第一，数字的精确性;其次，百分比后的主题，或者说范围的精确性。例如： 10-1-2 25. The Gothenburg European Counc

3、il was set up 30 years ago. 定位词：Gothenburg European Council 考点词：30 years ago 第三类：绝.对考点。 标记词：any never always impossible immediately most every none all fully correctly absolutely等。 只要出现了绝.对的副词、形容词，那么我们的关注意点就应当是此类词语在原文原句中有没有相应的表达。 仍旧以10-1-1 Examples of ancient stepwells can be found all over the worl

4、d. 刚才我们已经推断出定位词是ancient stepwells, 而考点词现在来看就特别清晰了，就是all。 第四类：是非考点。 此类考点多半是陈述句，没有比较级的词语，没有数字，也没有绝.对的形容词或者副词。这类考点反而是雅思索试中占比重比较大的一类考点。因为改变或者考察的点比较分散，所以在这里不绽开来讲。通常来说，是非考点的陈述句谓语部分是考点。 例如，10-2-3 37. The approach of art historians conflicts with that of art museums. 记住：主语是定位词，谓语是考点词。这样的话：art historians 就是定

5、位词，而conflict 就是考点词了。 假如文章说到冲突就对，说到一样就是错。 雅思阅读材料大集合：美国人整形为了自拍? Plastic surgeons say they're seeing more patients who want facial surgery, and they attribute the rise to social media and the growing "selfie" trend. 据CNET报道，整形外科医务人员表示现在越来越多的病人想要进行面部整形，他们认为之所以会出现这种现象，是因为受到当下社交媒体和愈演愈烈的全民自拍风

6、潮的影响。 In response to a survey conducted by the American Academy of Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, one in three plastic surgeons reported seeing an increase in requests for facial procedures by patients who wanted to look better online. The doctors reported that between 2022 and 2022, the

7、y saw a 10 percent rise in nose jobs, a 7 percent rise in hair transplants, and a 6 percent rise in eyelid surgery. 据美国科学院外科整形和再造外科学会发表的报道：接受采访的整形外科医院中，有三分之一的整形医师认为，越来越多的人想要进行整形手术，因为这些人都想在网络上看起来更漂亮更英俊。医生表示，2022至2022年间，隆鼻顾客多出10%，头发移植多出7%，双眼皮手术多出6%。 "Social platforms like Instagram, Snapchat, and

8、 the iPhone app Selfie.im, which are solely image based, force patients to hold a microscope up to their own image and often look at it with a more self-critical eye than ever before," Dr. Edward Farrior, president of the academy, said in a news release. "These images are often the first i

9、mpressions young people put out there to prospective friends, romantic interests, and employers, and our patients want to put their best face forward." “Instagram, Snapchat，还有iPhone应用Selfie.im等社交平台，均为图片社交，人们被迫细致端摩自己的照片，用前所未有的自我批判视角对自己进行谛视，”该学会主席爱德华?法里奥博士说道。“年轻人在网络上发布这些照片是为了结识新挚友，找寻艳遇，同事也能看到，所以前

10、来整容的顾客都希望自己可以更上相。” In part because of social media, surgeons reported that plastic-surgery patients are getting younger. 据报道，整形外科手术顾客呈低龄化趋势，而这或多或少和社交媒体都有些关系。 The annual poll queries a select group of the organization's 2,700 members to get a sense of the latest trends in facial plastic surgery.

11、This year, 58 percent of the doctors surveyed said they saw an increase in patients under 30 coming in for plastic surgery and injections in the last year. 这项年度调查询问了这个学会的2700名成员，询问他们对于近来面部整容手术风潮的相关看法。今年有58%的医生表示，去年一年，越来越多的三十岁以下年轻女性前来接受面部整形手术和面部注射整容。 The study found that bullying is also a factor in

12、young people deciding to get surgery, "but most surgeons surveyed report children and teens are undergoing plastic surgery as a result of being bullied (69 percent) rather than to prevent being bullied (31 percent)." 探讨发觉，受到欺侮也是年轻人确定整容的一个缘由，“医患调查结果表明：青少年儿童整容病例中，69%是受到欺凌的结果，预防欺凌占31%。” Women

13、 are still plastic surgery's primary customers, accounting for 81 percent of all procedures and injections, but men are increasingly becoming more interested in plastic surgery. Whereas women more often ask for facelifts and eye lifts, men are more interested in keeping their hair and combating

14、wrinkles. 当今，女性仍为整容手术的主要消费群体，在全部疗程、注射等整容项目中占有81%，但男性对整容也更加感爱好了。女性整容项目通常为拉皮，割双眼皮，而男性整容项目通常是生发和抗皱。 Meanwhile, in the under-35 category, the nose job remained the most popular elective surgical procedure for both genders, accounting for 90 percent of procedures in women and 86 percent in men. 与此同时，35岁以

15、下的整容者不论男女都很中意美鼻，此项目占女性整容病例的90%，男性整容病例的86%。 Have your selfies ever made you feel self-conscious about the way you look? 你的自拍照是否曾经也让你对自己的容貌有所思索呢? 雅思阅读材料大集合：EQ高也是一把双刃剑 犹如其他实力一样，情商也是一把双刃剑，既能作为胜利的垫脚石，又能成为危害他人和社会的利器。下面就和我们一同来揭开高情商的阴暗面。 Emotional intelligence, or EQ, is the ability to read and understand e

16、motions in ourselves and others. It is said that emotional intelligence accounts for 80 percent of ones success. 情商也称EQ，是一种读懂自身和他人心情的实力。据说一个人的胜利80%取决于情商的凹凸。 Thats almost certainly an exaggeration. But ever since the 1995 publication of US psychologist and science writer Daniel Golemans best-seller,

17、Emotional Intelligence: Why It Can Matter More Than IQ, EQ has been seen by leaders and educators as the solution to many social problems. In some Western countries such as the US, emotional intelligence is now taught widely in secondary, business and medical schools. 这一说法虽然略显夸张。但是自从1995年美国心理学家兼科学作家

18、丹尼尔?戈尔曼的畅销书情商:它为什么比智商更重要出版以来，许多领导者和教化家都将情商视为解决诸多社会问题的关键。如今，在美国等西方国家，在中学、商学院和医学院中情商教学随处可见。 Anti-social behavior 反社会行为 EQ is important. But our enthusiasm for it has obscured a dark side, says a recent article in The Atlantic. 美国大西洋月刊近日刊登文章称，情商当然重要，但是人们的趋之若鹜却掩盖了它的黑暗面。 Weapon of mass emotion 操纵大众心情的武器

19、Recent research and studies show that as people improve their emotional skills, they become better at manipulating others. When someone knows what others are feeling, they can tug at their heartstrings and motivate them to act against their own best interests. 最新探讨表明，随着人们情商实力的提高，他们会更擅长操纵他人。当一个人能了解别人

20、的感受时，他就可以撩动他们的心弦，促使他们做出违反自身最大利益的行为。 Does this remind you of those “managers” at pyramid scheme companies? Hundreds of thousands of otherwise cautious and rational people have been brainwashed by their impassioned speeches and become bankrupt as a result. 这是否会令你联想到那些非法传销公司的“经理”们?多数处事理智而谨慎的人被他们激情澎湃的演讲

21、洗脑，最终却落得个败尽家业的下场。 Social scientists have begun to document this dark side of emotional intelligence. A study by the University of Cambridge found that when a leader gave an inspiring speech filled with emotion, the audience was less likely to scrutinize the message and remembered less of the content

22、. 社会科学家已经起先探讨情商的黑暗面。剑桥高校一项探讨发觉，当一名领导人充溢激情地演讲时，听众不会太留意其传达的信息，并且记住的内容也很少。 Researchers call this the “awestruck effect”, but it may just as easily be described as the dumbstruck effect, says The Atlantic article. Leaders who master emotions can rob us of our capacity to reason. If they have self-servin

23、g motives, or their values are out of step with our own, emotional intelligence becomes a weapon of manipulation and the results can be devastating. 据大西洋月刊报道，探讨人员将其称为“敬畏效应”，但它也很简单被描述成“惊吓效应”。擅长掌控心情的领导者会让我们丢失辨别是非的实力。当他们产生谋私利的动机，或者他们的价值观与我们的不合拍时，情商就会变成操控他人心情的武器，其后果不可思议。 Hidden agenda 隐藏的动机 This is cons

24、istent with another recent study from Kyoto University. According to The Huffington Post, the study shows that “people with high interpersonal EQ influence others emotions based on their own goals”. 该观点与日本京都高校的一项探讨成果不约而同。据赫芬顿邮报报道，该探讨表明：“高情商者会依据自己的目标去干扰他人心情”。 A research team led by University College

25、 London professor Martin Kilduff shed more light on this dark side of emotional intelligence. According to them, emotional intelligence helps people disguise one set of emotions while expressing another for personal gain. Emotionally intelligent people “intentionally shape their emotions to fabricat

26、e favorable impressions of themselves”, Kilduffs team writes in the journal Research in Organizational Behavior. “The strategic disguise of ones own emotions and the manipulation of others emotions for strategic ends are behaviors evident not only on Shakespeares stage but also in the offices and co

27、rridors where power and influence are traded.” 伦敦高校学院的马丁?吉尔达夫教授带领一支探讨小组揭开了情商的黑暗面。该小组称，人们为了谋取私利，会掩饰心情，当面一套背后一套。情商高的人“会有意给人留下对自己有利的印象”。吉尔达夫率领的探讨小组在组织行为探讨期刊中写道：“实行策略来伪装个人心情，同时为了达到战略目的而操控他人心情，这些行为不仅出现在莎翁的戏剧中，在交易权力和影响力的场所也非常常见。” It seems that to better understand the dark side of EQ, we need look no furt

28、her than Shakespeares Macbeth or its modern adaption on TV: House of Cards. 看来，要想更好地了解情商的黑暗面，我们只需看看莎翁名著麦克白或者它的现代电视剧版纸牌屋就够了 雅思阅读材料大集合：小睡一个小时的作用有多大? The average Briton gets six-and-a-half hours' sleep a night, according to the Sleep Council. Michael Mosley took part in an unusual experiment to see

29、 if this is enough. It has been known for some time that the amount of sleep people get has, on average, declined over the years. This has happened for a whole range of reasons, not least because we live in a culture where people are encouraged to think of sleep as a luxury - something you can easil

30、y cut back on. After all, that's what caffeine is for - to jolt you back into life. But while the average amount of sleep we are getting has fallen, rates of obesity and diabetes have soared. Could the two be connected? We wanted to see what the effect would be of increasing average sleep by jus

31、t one hour. So we asked seven volunteers, who normally sleep anywhere between six and nine hours, to be studied at the University of Surrey's Sleep Research Centre. The volunteers were randomly allocated to two groups. One group was asked to sleep for six-and-a-half hours a night, the other got

32、seven-and-a-half hours. After a week the researchers took blood tests and the volunteers were asked to switch sleep patterns. The group that had been sleeping six-and-a-half hours got an extra hour, the other group slept an hour less. While we were waiting to see what effect this would have, I went

33、to the John Radcliffe hospital in Oxford to learn more about what actually happens when we sleep. In the Sleep Centre, they fitted me up with a portable electro-encephalograph, a device that measures brain wave activity. Then, feeling slightly ridiculous, I went home and had my seven-and-a-half hour

34、s of sleep. The following day I went to discuss what had happened inside my head during the night with Dr Katharina Wulff. The first thing she pointed out was that I had very rapidly fallen into a state of deep sleep. Deep sleep sounds restful, but during it our brains are actually working hard. One

35、 of the main things the brain is doing is moving memories from short-term storage into long-term storage, allowing us more short-term memory space for the next day. If you don't get adequate deep sleep then these memories will be lost. You might think: "I'll cut back during the week and

36、 then make up for it at the weekend." Unfortunately it doesn't work like that, because memories need to be consolidated within 24 hours of being formed. Since deep sleep is so important for consolidating memories it is a good idea if you are revising or perhaps taking an exam to make sure t

37、hat you're getting a reasonable night's sleep. In one study, people who failed to do so did 40% worse than their contemporaries. Deep sleep only lasts for a few hours. My electrode results showed that during the night my brain went through multiple phases of another kind of activity, called

38、REM sleep. "This is the phase when you are usually paralysed - so you can't move," Wulff explained. But the eye muscles are not paralysed, and that's why it's called rapid eye movement sleep." During REM sleep an extraordinary thing happens. One of the stress-related chemi

39、cals in the brain, noradrenalin, is switched off. It's the only time, day or night, this happens. It allows us to remain calm while our brains reprocess all the experiences of the day, helping us come to terms with particularly emotional events. We get more REM sleep in the last half of the nigh

40、t. Which means that if you are woken unexpectedly, your brain may not have dealt with all your emotions - which could leave you stressed and anxious. Drinking alcohol late at night is not a good idea as it reduces your REM sleep while it's being processed in your body. Back at the University of

41、Surrey our sleep volunteers had finished their second week of the experiment. What we wanted to see was the effect switching from six-and-a-half hours to seven-and-a-half hours, or vice versa, would have on our volunteers. Computer tests revealed that most of them struggled with mental agility tasks

42、 when they had less sleep, but the most interesting results came from the blood tests that were run. Dr Simon Archer and his team at Surrey University were particularly interested in looking at the genes that were switched on or off in our volunteers by changes in the amount that we had made them sl

43、eep. "We found that overall there were around 500 genes that were affected," Archer explained. "Some which were going up, and some which were going down." What they discovered is that when the volunteers cut back from seven-and-a-half to six-and-a-half hours' sleep a night, g

44、enes that are associated with processes like inflammation, immune response and response to stress became more active. The team also saw increases in the activity of genes associated with diabetes and risk of cancer. The reverse happened when the volunteers added an hour of sleep. So the clear messag

45、e from this experiment was that if you are getting less than seven hours' sleep a night and can alter your sleep habits, even just a little bit, it could make you healthier. "Have a lie-in, it will do you good" - that's the kind of health message that doesn't come along very of

46、ten. 据英国睡眠委员会(Sleep Council)调查显示，英国人平均每天只睡6.5小时。为了验证这样的睡眠是否足够，迈克尔莫斯利医生(Michael Mosley)参与了一项不寻常的试验。 近些年来，人们已经相识到了这样的事实：我们的平均睡眠时间正在渐渐削减。 这一现象的缘由是多方面的，其中之一便是我们所处的文化让我们觉得睡觉是件奢侈的事情，可以轻而易举地缩减。终归，咖啡因的功能就在这儿了：把你唤回醒悟的状态。然而，随着睡眠量的不断下降，肥胖和糖尿病的发病率却在大幅上升二者之间会不会有肯定关系呢? 我们想看看把平均睡眠时间增加一小时会有什么效果，于是邀请了7位志愿者参与我们的试验。这7

47、个人平日的睡眠在69个小时之间。试验由萨里高校(University of Surrey)的睡眠探讨中心负责主持。 我们将志愿者随机分为两组，一组每晚睡6.5小时，另一组睡7.5小时。一周之后探讨者对两组人的血液进行检测，并调换两组的睡眠量，原来睡6.5小时的一组多睡一小时，另一组则少睡一小时。 就在我们等待试验结果的过程中，我来到位于牛津的约翰拉德克里夫医院(John Radcliffe hospital)，看看我们睡觉时原委发生了什么。 在该院的睡眠中心里，工作人员为我戴上一台便携式脑电图仪。就这样，我戴着仪器半觉好笑地回到家，睡了7.5个小时。 其次天，我来到医院，向卡塔琳娜伍尔夫医生询问了我的状况。 首先，她指出我很快就进入了深睡眠。虽然听上去挺安详，大脑在深睡眠时其实在主动地工作，其中一件重要的事情便是将短期记忆转存到长期记忆中，从而为其次天的短期记忆腾出空间。假如睡得不够，一些短期记忆便会丢失。 你或许会想：“我在工作日里缩减睡眠，到周末再补上不就行了吗?” 缺憾的是，大脑的运行机制并非如此，因为记忆须要在最初形成的24小时内得到强化。 由于深睡眠对于强化记忆非常重要，复习和考试前睡够觉就很有必要。在一项探讨中，那些在复习和考试前没能睡够觉的学生比同龄人表现差了40%。