一般疑问句特殊疑问句选择疑问句反义疑问句的详细用法.doc
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1、疑问句questions指提出问题,请对方答复的句子。疑问句句末要用问号。按构造可分为四种:一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择疑问句、反意疑问句。 一一般疑问句1、一般疑问句概述 一般疑问句general questions,也可称为“yes/no questions是否型问句,因为它一般是由yes或no答复的,如: Can you swim to the other side? 你能游到对岸吗? Yes, I can.是的,我能。 No,I cant.不,我不能。 Have you locked the door? 你锁门了吗? Yes,I have.是的,锁了。 No,I havent. 不,没
2、有锁。 2一般疑问句的构造 1根本的构造为:be/助动词/情态动词+主语+谓语/表语+(其他),句子要读升调,如: Are they your friends? 他们是你的朋友吗? Does he go to school on foot? 他是步行去上学吗? Will you be free tonight?你今晚有空吗? Can you play basketball?你会打篮球吗? 2陈述句亦可用作一般疑问句,多用在非正式文体中,句末有问号,用升调,如: Somebody is with you? 有人与你一起吗? He didnt finish the work? 他没有做完活吗? Y
3、ou are fresh from America,I suppose? 我猜,你刚从美国回来吧? 3、一般疑问句的答语 1一般疑问句一般由yes或no来答复,如: Are you tired?你累了吗? Yes,I am.是的,累了。 No, Im not.不,不累。 Does she do the cleaning?她扫除了吗? Yes ,she does.是的,她清扫了。 No,she doesnt.不,她没清扫。 2答复一般疑问句除了用yes或no外,也可用certainly,probably,perhaps,of course,all right,with pleasure等代替ye
4、s,用never,not at all等代替no,如: Can you help me?你能帮个忙吗? Certainly.当然。 Could you please make less noise? 你可以小声一点吗? All right,sir.好的,先生。 Have you been there? 你到过那里吗? Never.从来没有。 4、一般疑问句的否认式 1一般疑问句的否认式,一般构造为系动词/助动词/情态动词+not+主语;也可为系动词/助动词/情态动词+主语+not,如: Do you not/Dont you believe me 你不相信我?Believe me?你不相信我?
5、 Is it not / Isnt it a lovely day 天气难道不好吗? Are you not / Arent you coming你不来吗? Will you not /Wont you sit down 你不坐会儿吗? Is he not / Isnt he a doctor 他不是医生吗?Does Helen not /Doesnt Helen like chocolate 海伦不喜欢巧克力吗Will he not /Wont he go with you他不与你一块儿去吗?2否认疑问句并不单纯表示提问,它常常带有感情色彩。否认疑问句的完全式比简单式所表达的语气更强烈些。
6、1否认疑问句常常带有惊异、赞叹或责难等语气,如: Havent you read the newspaper? 你没读过这份报纸呀? Wont he come?他不来了? 2否认疑问句有时暗示提问者期待着肯定的答复,如: Shouldnt we start now? 我们现在是不是该动身了? Wasnt it an interesting film? 那部电影是不是很有趣? 3否认疑问句有时用来表示邀请或建议,如: Wouldnt you like to go with me? 你不想与我一块儿去吗? Wont you have a cup of coffee? 你不喝杯咖啡吗? 3否认的一般
7、疑问句的答语中,yes的含义为“不,no的含义为“是,但在答复这类句子时,应该注意yes后接肯定构造,no后接否认构造,这与汉语习惯不同,如: Are you not Mr Smith? 你不是史密斯先生吗? Yes,I am.不,我是。 No,I am not.是的,我不是。 Havent you read this book before? 你从前没有读过这本书吗? Yes,I have.不,我读过。 No,I havent.是的,我没有。 Dont you play chess?你不下棋吗? Yes ,I do.不,我下棋。 No,I dont.是的,我不下棋。 教你一招:在这样的答语中
8、,只要根据实际情况来判断,如果事实上是,就要用yes;如果事实上不是,就要用no二特殊疑问句 1、特殊疑问句概述 特殊疑问句special questions,也可称为“wh-questions,因为它们多数都以who,where,when,which,whose,why这类词开头,如: Who is it on the phone?谁来的 ? How many oranges can you see in the picture? 你能在图画上看到多少个橘子? Where did you last see it? 你最后一次看到这东西时是在什么地方呢? What did you eat ye
9、sterday? 你昨天吃了些什么? How do you usually go to school? 你通常是怎么去学校的呢? 2、特殊疑问句的构成及用法 1它的构造一般为:特殊疑问词+一般疑问句,即:特殊疑问词+be/助动词/情态动词+主语+谓语/表语+(其他),如: What can be done about it? 对此能做些什么呢? Which are yours?哪些是你的? Who would like to come for a game of football?谁愿意来踢场足球呀? What did you say?你说什么? Why didnt you tell me?
10、你为什么没有告诉我? 2特殊疑问句有时可有一个以上的疑问词,如: Which present did you give to whom? 你把哪件礼物给了人啦? When and where did you meet?你们何时在何地相遇的? 3特殊疑问句有时须以介词开首,如: By whom is the book written?此书是谁写的? Since when have you lived here? 你从什么时候起住在这里的? 4疑问词作主语或主语的定语时,与陈述句的语序一样,如: Who is in the room?谁在房间里? 5“why+一般疑问句否认式这种构造一般表示劲告、
11、建议、责备等,而不能归为特殊问句,如: Why dont you come earlier? 你为什么不早些来呢? Why not go skiing?为何不去滑雪呢? 3、特殊疑问词 特殊疑问词可分为两类:疑问代词与疑问副词 1疑问代词疑问代词主要有五个,分别为:who,whom,which,what,whose。它们没有性与数的变化,除了who外也没有格的变化。疑问代词意义作用例句who谁作主语, 用来指人Who is the girl under the tree? Who is not here? Whom没谁作宾语,用来指人Whom are you writing to? Whom
12、do you want to see? Whose谁的 用来指所属关系,如果作定语,一般后接名词Whose pen is this? Whose are those shoes? Which哪个,哪些 用来指对人或物在一定范围之内进展选择Which girls will be in the sports meeting? Which hat is lilys ? WhatWhat通常指物,也可指人,一般用在没有指出范围的情况下What can you see in the picture? What is in the teachers room? 2疑问副词 疑问副词包括when,where
13、,why,how及how与其他副词与形容词组成的疑问词。疑问副词意义用法例句when何时询问时间When will she return?Where何地询问地点Where do you come from?Why为什么询问原因Why are you late for school?How如何询问手段、方式、工具以及程度等How do you usually go to school? How old多大询问年龄How old is Jims little brother? How much/many多少询问数量How many friends do you have how far多远询问距离
14、How far is it from your home to school?How long多长、多久询问时间的长度或距离How long will you stay in Beijing? How often多长时间一次询问频率How often do you go to see your grandparents? How soon多久询问时间How soon will you come back?4、特殊疑问句的答语 特殊疑问句的答语的重点是对疑问词的答复非所问,因此,不再需要用yes或no。在答复时,可以用一个词或词组,也可以用一个较为完整的句子。 问句简单答语整句答语Who has
15、 borrowed my bike?谁借了我的自行车?Jack. 杰克。Jack has borrowed your bike. When did he borrow my bike?他什么时候借了我的自行车?This morning. 今天早晨。He borrowed your bike this morning. Where is he?他现在在何处?At the office. 在办公室。He is at the office. What is he doing there?他在那儿干什么呢?Working. 工作He is working. Whose bike is this?这辆自
16、行车是谁的?Mr. Smiths. 史密斯先生的。Its Mr. Smiths bike.三选择疑问句 1、选择疑问句概述 择疑问句alternative questions一般提出两种或两种以上的可能,问对方选择哪一种。其构造可用一般疑问句,也可用特殊疑问句,供选择的两局部由or连接,前者用升调,后者用降调,如: Will you go there by bus or by train? 你准备乘汽车,还是乘火车去那儿? What would you like,coffee or tea? 你想要什么,咖啡还是茶? How many pens do you have ,one or two?
17、 你有几枝钢笔,一枝还是两枝? 2、一般疑问句演化来的选择疑问句 Is it right or wrong?是对还是错? Were you or he there?是你还是他在那儿? Are they reading,chatting or watching television?他们是在看书、聊天,还是在看电视? Do you want to go there by land or by air? 你将乘车还是乘飞机去那儿? 3、特殊疑问句演化来的选择疑问句 Which do you like better,coffee or milk? 你更喜欢喝什么,咖啡还是牛奶? What colou
18、r is it,red,blue or yellow? 它是什么颜色,红的,蓝的,还是黄的? Where are you going,to the classroom or to the library?你要去哪儿,教室还是图书馆? How shall we go,by sea or by land? 我们怎么去,走水路还是陆路? 4、or not构成的选择疑问句 Do you want to buy it or not? 你是想买它还是不想买? Are you ready or not? 你准备好了还是没有准备好? 5、选择疑问句的答非所问语 选择疑问句的答语必须是完整的句子或其省略式,不能
19、用yes或no,如: Do you go to work by bus or by bike? 你乘公交车还是骑自行车去上班? By bus.乘公交车。 Which would you like, tea or coffee 你要茶还是咖啡 Coffee.咖啡 6、or连接的选择疑问句 并列局部可以是多种句子成分 1表语,如: Are you an Englishman or an American? 你是英国人还是美国人? Im from England.我是英国人。 2状语,如: Is the delegation arriving today or tomorrow? 代表团今天到还是明
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