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1、Reference Answers：Supplementary Reading 11. Zhang sold millions of books by claiming that mung beans and eggplant could cure many chronic diseases, but it has been discovered recently that he faked his credentials.2. Buttermilk (脱脂乳,酪乳) and yogurt (酸奶;酸乳酪) were used to treat thrush (鹅口疮), a fungus (

2、真菌;霉菌) infection of the mouth, before the invention of fungicides. Fresh limes (酸橙) were used to treat scurvy (坏血病) in sailors, before the “invention of vitamins. Many generations of people drank warm milk before bed time to help them to sleep soundly.3. Key components of the Mediterranean diet incl

3、ude generous portions of fruits and vegetables, and “healthy fats, such as olive oil or canola (油菜籽) oil. These oils have a lower level of Ox-LDL (氧化低密度脂蛋白) cholesterol (胆固醇) the “bad cholesterol thats more likely to build up deposits in your arteries. Also residents in the Mediterranean region usua

4、lly consume a lot of fish and shellfish, and nuts, which are low in saturated fat (饱和脂肪).4. Japanese people are known to enjoy one of the longest life expectancies in the world, which many attribute to their unique diet.5. Some research has shown that omega-3 fatty acids (脂肪酸), found in fish such as

5、 salmon (鲑鱼,大马哈鱼) and mackerel (鲭鱼) as well as in soybean (大豆，黄豆) and canola oil (菜油), can lower cholesterol levels in the blood.6.open questionSupplementary Reading 21. Gus study suggests the projected geographical pattern of earths surface temperature will dramatically increase in the late 21st ce

6、ntury (2090-2099). This will cause more extreme weather and climate events globally, such as increasing droughts and heavy precipitation (降雨量), more intense tropical cyclones(飓风;气旋) and warmer days.2. Climate change and extreme weather events will impact such industries as agriculture and pose a gra

7、ve challenge to the countrys food supply. Chinas per capita grain output is expected to dramatically drop after 2021, even taking technological progress into consideration.3. By the 2050s, freshwater availability in Central, South, East and Southeast Asia is projected to decrease, particularly in la

8、rge river basins. The regions coastal areas, especially heavily populated mega deltas, will be at great risk due to increased flooding from the sea or rivers.4. China is confronted with a challenging grain situation this summer because of strong rainfalls in the south during the summer harvest seaso

9、n. Other problems include droughts in northern grain production areas and lingering low temperatures in the south.5. C to 0.8 C, a little higher than the global average, over the past 100 years and especially in the past five decades. But the countrys precipitation volume did not change much during

10、the period.6.open questionSupplementary Reading 31. When in high school, teachers and parents want them to bury their heads in textbooks to prepare for exams, which leaves them with no time for dating. 2. Chinese relationships tend to be long-term and serious. 3. Before graduation the relationship i

11、s mainly feeling-oriented, while after graduation, other factors like job, income, family and educational background make a relationship much more complicated. 4. If students want to maintain a relationship after graduation, they must make sure that they share the same philosophy and values, and tha

12、t they have the same aims in life.5. (open question)Supplementary Reading 41. The experiment will be carried out in a warehouse in the suburbs of Moscow, which will last for 520 days.2. The experiment from the European Space Agency and Russias Institute of Biomedical Problems will be implemented to

13、test the psychological impact of a manned mission to Mars.3. The 550-cubic-metre mock-up imitating a real space mission includes an interplanetary spaceship, a Mars lander and a Martian landscape.4. The group of six will work, relax and sleep in eight-hour shifts, so there will be two astronauts on

14、duty together during the “journey towards the Mars and back to the earth. 5. The underlined phrase “the Red Planet actually refers to the Mars.6. (open question)Supplementary Reading 51.The rankings in the new list of Asias top 200 universities was published last month by Quacquarelli Symonds (QS) h

15、ave triggered heated discussions among Chinese people, since the mainlands top two schools Peking University (PKU) and Tsinghua University were not in the top 10.2. They care most about a universitys performance in academic peer review (学术评分), student-to-faculty ratio, and the presence of internatio

16、nal faculty and students. According to the QS list, Chinese universities are doing OK in academic peer review, with both Tsinghua and Peking University scoring a full 100. But when it comes to student-to-faculty ratio, their rankings drop, with Tsinghua at 22th and Peking at 23rd.3. He pointed out t

17、hat a lack of small-group discussions had seriously affected the teaching quality at Chinese universities. This has also resulted in students being afraid to question or challenge teachers.4. Last week, Chinas Ministry of Education announced a program that will send 100 college leaders overseas to r

18、eceive 21 days of training in foreign countries, including Australia, Japan, the UK and the US. The tour aims to “allow Chinese college leaders to learn from the experience of the worlds famous universities. People are debating the effectiveness of such a short-term tour for school leaders.Yes, Chin

19、a is taking other steps to improve its universities, as well.On May 5, the State Council (国务院) adopted the National Outline for Medium- and Long-Term Educational Reform and Development (2021-2021), which endeavors to improve the qualities of Chinas universities. 5. (Open Questions)Supplementary Read

20、ing 61. The newly released iPad is a tablet computer that attempts to combine the computing power of a laptop with the portability and usability of a smartphone. It contains a front-facing camera for video conferencing and a gyroscope to allow users to play games by waving the device about.2. Yes, t

21、he new product is popular in the American market, because Apple sold 300,000 units on the first day of trading in the US.3. Yes, I agree, because the first quarter of 2021 proved to be the most successful yet for the iPhone, showing that Apple will not become a victim to a tougher economic climate.4

22、. It is mentioned that two weeks ago Apples market value overtook that of Microsoft for the first time since 1989. Therefore, we can see that Microsoft enjoyed more market value during the last decade of the 20th century, and the reverse is true at present. 5. The author cite the fluctuation of Appl

23、es share prices when its CEO Steve Jobs health took a turn for the worse last year as an example to illustrate the importance of the man to the company. Many link Apples rise to the guile and foresight of Jobs, who was forced out of the company in the 1980s but was brought back a decade later to rev

24、erse its fortunes.Supplementary Reading 71. No, they are not interested in having some small talk. Their real intention is to sell a fake certificate. 2. They buy fake certificates for various reasons to help themselves land a job; to boost their CV; and to save money. 3. With an undergraduate ID, y

25、ou can get discounts when buying tickets. This can save you a lot of money when touring the city. For example, with a fake student ID from Renmin University, one could buy a swimming pass for only 8 yuan. Those without one had to pay 50 yuan. 4. Most college students are critical of peers who buy fa

26、ke papers to gain an unfair edge. But they, too, understand why its happening.5. Those who buy fake documents are on the brink of violating the law. Once caught, a person using a fake ID could be jailed for up to 15 days. This would seriously tarnish a students record.6. (Open Questions)Supplementar

27、y Reading 81. The traditional red double-decker is a symbol of London. Their iconic status was sealed in 2021 when one bus made the longer-than-usual trip to Beijing to collect a very special passenger: the Olympic Flame.2. People call Londons new red bus green ones because the new bus uses more eff

28、icient green technology.3. Its “new because its a unique asymmetric design for the front end gives it a futuristic look; its “old because its exterior is very reminiscent of Londons faithful old double-decker, the Routemaster.4. The original double-deckers were out of general service in 2005, and th

29、e new ones will come into service in 2021.5. Some people hold opposing views against the new red buses in London, who criticize the mayor for the high cost of the new buses. A normal double-decker bus costs around 190,000 (around 1,900,000 Yuan) but it has cost 7.8m (76,000,000 Yuan) to design and b

30、uild five new ones.Supplementary Reading 91. The theme of the novel, Du La Las Promotion shows others how to take the high road to success in a multinational company. As to whether her story depicts a real or distorted picture of work life, the answer is as complicated as office life itself.2.Other

31、office novels, such as In and Out of the Loop (?圈子圈套?), Win and Lose (?输赢?) and Drowning and Floating (?浮沉?), seem to have been received with similar interest.3. The author wanted to provide real and useful common sense, knowledge and experience to office workers.4. Recent graduates say they have fo

32、und the basic work principles highlighted in the novel to be instructive. But some veteran employees warn that the novels are not always realistic and that the career principles in the books are also of limited use.5. Liu contended that these books emphasize the importance of observation, practice a

33、nd self-examination, which are precious and universally true.6. (Open Question)Supplementary Reading 101. There are several factors affecting the well-being of the old people in rural China, such as poverty, lack of basic health and social services and migration of young people to cities in search o

34、f jobs.2. Migration patterns of working-age people have greatly weakened the once strong family ties in villages. This geographic separation between the generations has reduced opportunities for old people to live with their children in what traditionally has been viewed as a stable home environment

35、. Close-knit three-generation households are becoming history. Increasingly, old people are living alone or with their spouses, which is a threat to the longstanding pattern of family as the main source of support for old people in rural areas.3. Social security policies do not cover most underdevel

36、oped areas in China. Government support to senior citizens disproportionately favors those living in urban areas, creating the risk of treating old people on the basis of where they live. Less than 3 percent of senior citizens living in rural areas receive pensions and there are few long-term care p

37、rograms. 4. Childless senior citizens have no clearly defined rights to receive family care and could become destitute without the help of benevolent extended kin.5. Throughout the world, rural senior citizens are vulnerable without family support and resources that allow them to live with dignity.

38、Some countries have addressed this problem by creating family responsibility legislation, designed to make younger family members provide support to old people.Supplementary Reading 111. The new rules will come into effect from September 1.2. Non-bank payment service providers would need a license t

39、o conduct third party payment transactions in the nation. The companies will have to report to the central bank the commission rates it charges for third party transactions and would also be subject to periodic checks by the PBOC. According to the central bank, the companies will have to apply for a

40、 license within one year after the policy comes into effect.3. The new rules will help regulate the online payment market and will help in the healthy development of the online payment industry.4. Yes, it is popular in China because the nations online payment market has been growing at more than 100

41、 percent annually in the past five years. It has reached 555 billion yuan ($81.4 billion) last year, up 135.6 percent from 2021. The online payment market It has also been attracting more and more players. According to industry experts, there are more than 100 online payment companies in China at pr

42、esent. 5. Since companies have to be profitable for at least two successive years, analysts said the policy will restrict entry of newcomers in the market. As for foreign funded companies, the central bank will issue separate rules which are likely to mean stricter requirements for them.Supplementar

43、y Reading 121. Such factors as high costs and safety issues have obstructed the carbon capture and storage technologies from commercializing.2. China has outperformed in many aspects of renewable energies and pulled down the price of new energy, particularly in the solar energy sector.3. All three m

44、ajor CCS technologies include post-combustion capture, oxy-firing and pre-combustion, plus some more advanced technologies are in their experimental stages.4. Compared with other nations, China has made little effort on storage site studies and crisis management.5. Storing the carbon dioxide will be

45、come as very big challenge as volumes become larger. The risk exists that the carbon dioxide could leak back into the atmosphere exist.Supplementary Reading 131. Students were revealed to have purchased answers in order to ensure that they would pass the exams. Many of them were using a pea-sized sp

46、eaker to receive the answers over a radio frequency.Cheating on exams like the CET and the TEM (Test for English Majors) has become so rampant that students are facing a “credibility crisis.2. Students who cheat argue that they have no choice - they say that society has forced them to take such dish

47、onest measures. 3. The adopting of A and B test papers on CET exams has lowered the chance of students getting answer keys from others. A US software firm has developed a program which is designed to make sure students stay honest on their computer-based exams. The software firstly locks down the us

48、e of all files and the Internet other than those specifically needed for the exam. Also, there are experts who say that the best way to avoid cheating is to devise cheating proof tests with essay questions and analysis. On such tests, the answers arent available anywhere including the Internet. 4. (Open Questions)Supplementary Reading 141. Expo 2021 mainly focus on a better city. Such a theme bears a profound significance since half of the world population are expected to live in cities by the early part of the 21st centur