英语现在完成时讲解课件.ppt

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1、英英语现在完成在完成时讲解解课件件上一页下一页主菜单 主菜单上一页下一页现在完成时的构成现在完成时的构成现在完成时的主要用法现在完成时的主要用法现在完成时的时间状语现在完成时的时间状语短暂性动词与时间段的关系短暂性动词与时间段的关系have been 与与have gone 比较比较与一般过去时的用法比较与一般过去时的用法比较主菜单上一页下一页have(hashave(has）+过去分词过去分词present(now)futurepast 现在完成时现在完成时(present perfect tense)do my homework Mother:John,clean your teeth p

2、lease.John:Mum,I have have alreadyalready(已经已经已经已经)cleaned)cleaned them.现在完成时的基本句型：现在完成时的基本句型：肯定式：肯定式：主语+助动词have/has+动词的过去分词.疑问式：疑问式：助动词Have/Has+主语+动词的过去分词?否定式否定式:主语+助动词have/has+not+动词的过去分词.例句：例句：6.Has he gone to the library?他是去了图书馆吗？Yes,he has.是的，是去那里了。No,he hasnt.不，他没去那里。7.How long has Mrs Smith b

3、een in Beijing？Smith夫人来北京多长时间了？上一页下一页-Its so dark.-Its so dark.-Someone has turned off the light.-Someone has turned off the light.(有人刚把灯关了有人刚把灯关了,对现在造成的结果是对现在造成的结果是:现在很黑现在很黑)-Are you free?-I have finished my homework.I am free-I have finished my homework.I am free(我已我已经经完成了家庭作完成了家庭作业业,对现在造成的结果是很有空对

4、现在造成的结果是很有空)主菜单1.1.表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。现在完成时的主要用法现在完成时的主要用法1.1.表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。2.2.表示表示过去过去已经开始已经开始,持续到持续到现在的动作或状态现在的动作或状态,现在完成时的运用现在完成时的运用(1):1在表示“用法1”时，现在完成时常和副词already,yet,never,ever,before,just等连用。.a a）already already 往往用于肯定句，用在疑问句时表示强往往用于肯

5、定句，用在疑问句时表示强 调或加强语气；调或加强语气；yet yet 用于否定句和疑问句。用于否定句和疑问句。He has already left here.他已经离开这里了。Has he already left here?他（真的）已经离开这里了吗？（表示加强语气）My teachers havent had breakfast yet.我的老师们还没有吃早饭。Have you written to your parents yet?你已经给你父母写过信了吗？2.yet在现在完成时中的用法在现在完成时中的用法否定句否定句:句末句末“还还(没没)”疑问句疑问句:句末句末“己经己经”Eg.I

6、haventhadbreakfastyet.Have you had breakfastyet?b b）never never 是否定词，表示是否定词，表示“从来没有从来没有”，而，而ever ever 表示表示“曾经曾经”We have never been to the Great Wall.我们从来没有去过长城。Have you ever been to Canada?你们曾经去过加拿大吗？c c）just just表示表示“刚刚刚刚”（用于完成时态时，与（用于完成时态时，与alreadyalready，never never 等副词的位置一样，多用在助动词等副词的位置一样，多用在助动词

7、have/hashave/has和动词过去分和动词过去分词之间）词之间）He has just come back.他刚刚回来。They have just finished the work.他们刚刚完成那项工作。3.3.表示人曾有过或到目前为止从表示人曾有过或到目前为止从未有过的未有过的经历经历.上一页下一页I haveI have ever ever beenbeen to the Summer Palace?to the Summer Palace?(我曾去过颐和园我曾去过颐和园)I I havehave never never had had a car.a car.(我从未有过汽车

8、。我从未有过汽车。)现在完成时的主要用法现在完成时的主要用法主菜单 常与常与already,already,never,never,ever,ever,just,just,yet,yet,before,before,up to now,up to now,so far,so far,for the last few weeksfor the last few weeks these days,these days,since since for a long timefor a long time 连用连用上一页下一页主菜单上一页下一页I have learnt English for mor

9、e than I have learnt English for more than ten years.ten years.我已经学了我已经学了10多年的英语。多年的英语。(从从10年前开始年前开始,持续到现在还在学持续到现在还在学)She has swum since half an hour ago.我已经游泳了半个小时我已经游泳了半个小时(半个小时前已经开始游泳半个小时前已经开始游泳,到现在还在游到现在还在游)主菜单2.2.表示表示过去过去已经开始已经开始,持续到持续到现在的动作或状现在的动作或状态态.常与常与since+since+过去的时间点，过去的时间点，for+for+一段时一

10、段时间，间，so far so far 等时间状语连用。等时间状语连用。1.for+Eg.Ihavebeenherefor5weeks.HesstudiedEnglishfor3years.一段时间一段时间2.since+从句(一般过去时)单词词组(表示过去某一时间的)时间时间点点Eg.Ihavebeenheresince2000.Ihavebeenheresince5yearsago.IhavebeenheresinceIgraduatedin2000.since:(自自以来以来)1)since+时间点时间点Hehasstayedheresince5oclock.2)since+时间段时间段

11、+agoHehasstayedheresince5hoursago.3)since+从句从句ShehastaughtEnglishsincehecamehere.for:(长达）达）for+时间段时间段Hehaskeptthebookfor2weeks.since,for的用法的用法:Takenotes注1):since也可单独使用,表示“自那时起”;另外since前也可加上ever,以加强语气.Eg.Ihavebeenhere(ever)since.Ihavebeenhere(ever)sinceIgraduatedin2000.注2):对for或since引导的时间状语提问必须用howlo

12、ng,决不能用when.Eg.Ihavelivedherefor10years.Howlonghaveyoulivedhere?Shehasstoodheresince2hourago.Howlonghasshestoodhere?短暂性动词与延续动词间的转换leave-come/go(to)-arrive(at/in)-get(to)-reach-buy-borrow-finish-join-start/begin-die-close-open-return-marry-become-beaway(from)be(in/at)be(in/at)be(in/at)be(in/at)haveke

13、epbeoverbein/bea/anbeonbedeadbeclosedbeopenbebackbemarriedbe 短暂性动词在肯定句、疑问句中短暂性动词在肯定句、疑问句中不能与时间段连不能与时间段连用用，这些动词是：，这些动词是：become,become,become,become,begin,begin,begin,begin,buy,buy,buy,buy,borrow,borrow,borrow,borrow,come(go,arrive),come(go,arrive),come(go,arrive),come(go,arrive),die,die,die,die,finis

14、h,finish,finish,finish,join,join,join,join,leave leave leave leave,等。等。上一页下一页为了表述这种意思为了表述这种意思,我们常用相应的我们常用相应的延延续性动词续性动词 来代替短暂性动词。来代替短暂性动词。主菜单 become become be be,begin,begin havehave,borrow borrow keepkeep,buy ,buy havehave,come(go,arrive,get)come(go,arrive,get)be here/there/inbe here/there/in，die di

15、e be be deaddead,finish,finish be overbe over,join join be in be in（be a member of be a member of ）leaveleave be away(from),be away(from),下一页上一页主菜单 但在否定句中，短暂性动词可但在否定句中，短暂性动词可以与时间段连用。以与时间段连用。如：如：I havenI havent bought the bike for a t bought the bike for a year.year.我买这辆自行车还不到一年。我买这辆自行车还不到一年。She hasn

16、She hasnt come here for an hour.t come here for an hour.她来这儿还没有一个小时。她来这儿还没有一个小时。上一页下一页主菜单 翻翻 译译 练练 习：习：1.1.我买了这块手表五年了。我买了这块手表五年了。2.2.这位老人已经死了十年了。这位老人已经死了十年了。I I have boughthave bought this watch for five years.this watch for five years.I I have hadhave had this watch this watch forfor five years/fiv

17、e years/sincesince 5 years 5 years ago.ago.The old man The old man has diedhas died for ten years.for ten years.The old man The old man has been deadhas been dead for ten for ten years/since 10 years/since 10 years ago.years ago.WW下一页上一页主菜单 3.3.他已经回来三天了。他已经回来三天了。4.4.自从六点钟他就来这儿了。自从六点钟他就来这儿了。5.5.我离开家乡

18、已十年了。我离开家乡已十年了。He He has come backhas come back for 3 days.for 3 days.He He has been backhas been back forfor 3 days/3 days/sincesince 3 3 days days agoago.He He has come herehas come here since 6 oclock.since 6 oclock.He He has been herehas been here since 6 oclock.since 6 oclock.I I have lefthave

19、left hometown for 10 years.hometown for 10 years.I I have been away fromhave been away from hometown for 10 hometown for 10 years.years.WWW下一页上一页主菜单have been to have been to 意思是意思是“到过，去过到过，去过”，表示，表示曾经到曾经到过某处过某处，但现在人不在那儿。，但现在人不在那儿。have gone tohave gone to 意思是意思是“去了去了”，表示，表示已经去了已经去了某某地，现在人可能在去的途中或已在那儿

20、了。地，现在人可能在去的途中或已在那儿了。have been inhave been in 意思是意思是“呆在某处一段时间了呆在某处一段时间了”上一页下一页主菜单 Has she ever been to Nanjing?Has she ever been to Nanjing?她曾去过南京吗？她曾去过南京吗？You have never been there,have you?You have never been there,have you?你以前从未去过那儿，是吗？你以前从未去过那儿，是吗？I have been to Guiling,I went there I have been

21、to Guiling,I went there last year.last year.我去过桂林，我去年去的。我去过桂林，我去年去的。She has gone to Nanjing.She has gone to Nanjing.她已经去南京了。她已经去南京了。上一页下一页主菜单一一.现在完成时和一般过去时都是说现在完成时和一般过去时都是说过去的事情，过去的事情，但现在完成时注意的但现在完成时注意的不是事情本身，而是强调事情与现不是事情本身，而是强调事情与现在保持的某种密切联系（如现在的在保持的某种密切联系（如现在的结果，影响结果，影响,一直延续到现在等）一直延续到现在等）;而而一般过去时，

22、则只一般过去时，则只讲述讲述发生在过去发生在过去的动作和事情的动作和事情与现在没有关系与现在没有关系。上一页下一页主菜单四四)Itis+一段时间一段时间+since+句子句子(一般过去时一般过去时)=一段时间一段时间+haspassed+since+句子句子(一般过去时一般过去时)Eg.ItisfiveyearssinceIjoinedthearmy.=FiveyearshaspassedsinceIjoinedthearmy.egeg：He has bought an English-Chinese He has bought an English-Chinese dictionary.di

23、ctionary.他已经买了一本英汉字典。他已经买了一本英汉字典。He bought an English-Chinese He bought an English-Chinese dictionary.dictionary.他曾买过一本英汉字典。他曾买过一本英汉字典。上一页下一页 第一句用现在完成时时态，想表达意为：第一句用现在完成时时态，想表达意为：“He He bought an English-Chinese dictionary.And bought an English-Chinese dictionary.And he still has ithe still has it”“过

24、去他买了一本英汉字典，过去他买了一本英汉字典，现在他还有这本字典现在他还有这本字典”。第二句用过去时只叙述过去他买过一本英汉字第二句用过去时只叙述过去他买过一本英汉字典这一事实，至于现在他是否有这本字典并未强典这一事实，至于现在他是否有这本字典并未强 调说明。调说明。主菜单二当有一个表示二当有一个表示过去某一特定时间过去某一特定时间的状语时，不用现在完成时，而用的状语时，不用现在完成时，而用一般过去时一般过去时:上一页下一页eg:I saw the film on television yesterday.但但since(since(自自以以来来)+)+某某一一过过去去时时间间或或叙叙述述过过

25、去去事事情情的的从从句句总总是是与与现现在在完完成成时时连用。连用。eg：They have known each other since 1950.Since he was a child,he has lived in England.主菜单三常与一般过去时连用的典型的三常与一般过去时连用的典型的 表示过去时间的状语表示过去时间的状语:上一页下一页yesterday(yesterday(昨天昨天),the day before yesterday(),the day before yesterday(前天前天),),just now(just now(刚才刚才)，时间时间+ago,+ago

26、,last+last+时间时间 等等;eg:The plane took off ten minutes ago.We finished our task last week.主菜单上一页主菜单动动 词词 填填 空：空：1._ you _(clean)the room?1._ you _(clean)the room?Yes,we _(do)that Yes,we _(do)that alreadyalready.When _ you _(do)it?When _ you _(do)it?We _(do)it We _(do)it an hour agoan hour ago.2._ he _

27、(see)this film 2._ he _(see)this film yetyet?Yes.?Yes.When _ he _(see)it?When _ he _(see)it?He _ it He _ it last weeklast week.3.How many times _you_(be)there?3.How many times _you_(be)there?Havecleanedhave donediddodidHasseendidseesawhavebeen下一页上一页主菜单4.I _(read)the novel twice.Its interesting.5.She

28、 _(go)to Pairs,hasnt she?Yes.How _ she _(go)there?She _(go)there by air.6.So far,many countries _(develop)their software programs.7.Mr Chen _(give)up smoking last year.8.Mr Chen _(give)up smoking since last year.have readhas gonedidgowenthave developedgavehas given下一页上一页主菜单选用选用 for和和 since填空填空:1.We

29、havent seen each other _ a long time.2.His father has been in the Party _ 10 years ago.3.The film has been on _ 20 minutes.4.Mr Green has worked here _ he came to China.5.His grandparents have been dead _ several years.6.Its five years _ we met last time.forsinceforsinceforsince下一页上一页主菜单1.1.Mike and

30、 his parents _ the north for Mike and his parents _ the north for half a year.half a year.2.2.Mum is not at home now.she _ the Mum is not at home now.she _ the shop.shop.3.3._ you ever _ to kunming?Never._ you ever _ to kunming?Never.4.4.Where _ you _ these days?Where _ you _ these days?5.5.Has Jim

31、arrived yet?Has Jim arrived yet?Yes,he _ here for several days.Yes,he _ here for several days.6.6.Where is Peter?I dont know where he Where is Peter?I dont know where he _._.7.7.Hi Jim!Where _ you _?Li Lei Hi Jim!Where _ you _?Li Lei is looking for you.is looking for you.have been inhas gone tohave

32、beenHave beenhas been has gonehave been下一页上一页主菜单改改 错错1.How long have you 1.How long have you begun to studybegun to study English?English?2.I have 2.I have borrowedborrowed this book for two weeks.this book for two weeks.3.The river has3.The river has become become very dirty since last very dirty s

33、ince last August.August.4.Our manager is away today.He has 4.Our manager is away today.He has beenbeen to Guangzhou on business.to Guangzhou on business.5.He has 5.He has gonegone out for two years.out for two years.studiedkeptbeengonebeen下一页上一页主菜单1.The house is dirty.We _it for weeks.A didnt clean

34、B hadnt cleaned C dont clean D havent cleaned2.-_the sports meeting might be put off.-Yes,it all depends on the weather.A Ive been told B Ive told C Im told D I told3.-Im sorry to keep you waiting.-Oh,not at all.I _here only a few minutes.A have been B had been C was D will be4.You dont need to desc

35、ribe her.I _ her several times.A.had met B have met C met D meet 5.-Will you go to Beijing for vacation?-I _ to go,but I dont know if I can go.A was planning B have planned C had been planning D have been planning6.-When will they leave?-They _very soon.A do leave B are leaving C have left D leave7-

36、Was he studying for an exam?-Yes,hes _ it last week.A doing B to take C making D to give8.The teacher told the pupils that the earth _ round.A is B would C was D were9.She _ such an interesting book before.A was never reading B will never read C had never read D has never read 10.How long do you thi

37、nk the meeting _ A is lasting B is lasted C will last D lasts、翻译下列句子：、翻译下列句子：1.你曾经吃过鱼和薯条吗？你曾经吃过鱼和薯条吗？2.我刚刚丢了我的语文书。我刚刚丢了我的语文书。3.我以前从来没去过那个公园。我以前从来没去过那个公园。4.他已经吃过午饭了。他已经吃过午饭了。5.你已经看过这部电影了吗？你已经看过这部电影了吗？6.我哥哥还没回来。我哥哥还没回来。7.我自从上星期看过这部电影。我自从上星期看过这部电影。8.自从自从1992年他住在这里。年他住在这里。9.这本字典我已买了三年了。这本字典我已买了三年了。10.他离

38、开中国三年了他离开中国三年了 1.Have you eatten fish and french frise?2.I have lost my Chinese book.3 I have never been to that park.4.He has already had lunch.5 Have you seen this movie yet?6 My brother has not returned.7 I have seen this movie since last week.8 He has lived here since 1992.9 I have had this dictionary for three years.10 He has been away China for three years.汇报结束谢谢大家!请各位批评指正