微观经济学英文版教学资料.ppt
![资源得分’ title=](/images/score_1.gif)
![资源得分’ title=](/images/score_1.gif)
![资源得分’ title=](/images/score_1.gif)
![资源得分’ title=](/images/score_1.gif)
![资源得分’ title=](/images/score_05.gif)
《微观经济学英文版教学资料.ppt》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《微观经济学英文版教学资料.ppt(204页珍藏版)》请在淘文阁 - 分享文档赚钱的网站上搜索。
1、MicroeconomicsYan YAN第一页,共204页。Chapter 1:The Fundamentals of Economics(A.Introduction)You want to buy a clock in the grocery near the campus.The price is$20.A friend tells you that it is$10 in the supermarket in downtown.Would you buy the clock in the supermarket?You want to buy a computer which is$
2、2510.while it is$2500 in the supermarket in downtown.Wherever you buy the computer,it would return to the producer if there is any problem.Where would you buy it?第二页,共204页。Chapter 1:The Fundamentals of Economics(A.Introduction)1.1 Scarcity and EfficiencyWhat is economics?Economics is the study of ho
3、w societies use scarce resources to produce valuable commodities and distribute them among different people.What is efficiency?Efficiency denotes the most effective use of a societys resource in satisfying peoples wants and needs.In economics,we say that an economy is producing efficiently when it c
4、annot make anyone economically better off without making someone else worse off.第三页,共204页。Chapter 1:The Fundamentals of Economics(A.Introduction)1.2 Microeconomics and MacroeconomicsWhat is Microeconomics?It is concerned with the behavior of individual entities such as markets,firms and households.F
5、ounder:Adam smith,What is Macroeconomics?It is concerned with the overall performance of the economy.Funder:John Maynard,第四页,共204页。Chapter 1:The Fundamentals of Economics(A.Introduction)1.3 The logic of economicsThe post hoc fallacy It involves the inference of causality.It occurs when we assume tha
6、t,because one event occurs another event,the first event caused the second event.广东省的人口死亡率为5.4,是全国最低的省份,由此我们就推定生活在广东一定(ydng)有利于身体健康。Failure to hold other things constantIt refers to the failure to hold other things constant when thinking about an issue.税率对收入的影响Fallacy of compositionWhen you assume t
7、hat what is true for the part is also true for the whole,you are committing the fallacy of composition.一个农场主丰收 VS.所有农场主都丰收第五页,共204页。Chapter 1:The Fundamentals of Economics(B.The Three problems of economic organization)There are three problems of economic organization:What commodities are produced an
8、d in what quantities?How are goods produced?For whom are goods produced?There are three types of economies:Market economyCommand economyMixed economy第六页,共204页。Chapter 1:The Fundamentals of Economics(C.Societys technological possibilities)1.4 inputs and outputsInputs are commodities or services that
9、are used to produce goods and services.Outputs are the various useful goods or services that result from the production process and are either consumed or employed in further production.饺子的投入与产出:投入:面粉(minfn)、肉、蔬菜、调味品、包饺子的技术、擀面杖产出:饺子第七页,共204页。Chapter 1:The Fundamentals of Economics(C.Societys technol
10、ogical possibilities)Factors of production:Another name for inputsIt can be classified into three board categories:land,labor and capitalLand(natural resource):represents the gift of nature to our productive process.Labor:consists of the human time spent in productionworking in automobile factories,
11、tiling the land,teaching school,or baking pizzas.Capital resource from the durable goods of an economy,produced in order to produce yet other goods.建造房子需要什么生产(shngchn)要素?第八页,共204页。Chapter 1:The Fundamentals of Economics(C.Societys technological possibilities)1.5 The Production-Possibility FrontierSu
12、ppose the income is fixed,we can choose to produce gun or butter.(shown in the chart)PossibilityButterGunsA015B114C212D39E45F50第九页,共204页。Chapter 1:The Fundamentals of Economics(C.Societys technological possibilities)第十页,共204页。Chapter 1:The Fundamentals of Economics(C.Societys technological possibili
13、ties)第十一页,共204页。Chapter 1:The Fundamentals of Economics(C.Societys technological possibilities)第十二页,共204页。Chapter 1:The Fundamentals of Economics(C.Societys technological possibilities)1.6 Opportunity costThe cost of the forgone alternative is the opportunity cost of the decision.How to calculate op
14、portunity cost?Suppose the country decide to increase its gun purchase from 9000 guns at D to 12000 units at C,what is the opportunity cost of the decision?1 million butter.第十三页,共204页。Chapter 1:The Fundamentals of Economics Exercise&DiscussionAssume that Econoland produces haircuts and shirts with i
15、nputs of labor.Econoland has 1000 hours of labor available.A haircut requires hour of labor,while a shirts requires 5 hours of labor.Construct Econolands production-possibility frontier.第十四页,共204页。Chapter 1:The Fundamentals of EconomicsConsider the following problem:after your 8hours a day of sleep,
16、you have 16 hours a day to deliver between leisure and study.Let leisure hours be the X variable and study hours be the Y variable:1)plot the straight-line relationship between all combinations of X and Y on a blank piece of graph paper.2)let us say that you absolutely need 6 hours of leisure per da
17、y,no more,no less.On the graph,mark the point that corresponds to 6hours of leisure.3)now consider a movement along the curve:assume that you decide that you need only 4 hours of leisure a day.Plot the new point.第十五页,共204页。Chapter 2:Markets and Government in a Modern Economy Imagine what process doe
18、s meat experience?What is market?It is a mechanism through which buyers and sellers interact to determine prices and exchange goods and services.Price=DemandPrice DemandPrice AVCMINB.MC=P,PAFCMINC.RevenueMAXD.AVCMINAnswer:A第一百二十九页,共204页。Chapter 8:Analysis of Perfectly Competitive Markets4.Suppose at
19、 certain quantity,firm has minimum average cost,that means:A.MC=ACB.firm has the most profitC.firm has the least profitD.firm has extra profit that is more than 0Answer:A第一百三十页,共204页。Chapter 8:Analysis of Perfectly Competitive Markets5.In perfectly competitive market,the condition for equilibrium fo
20、r firm in short run is:A.P=ARB.P=MRC.P=MCD.P=ACAnswer:C第一百三十一页,共204页。Chapter 8:Analysis of Perfectly Competitive MarketsIn a perfect competitive market,suppose a firms cost function in short run is STC=0.1Q3-2Q2+15Q+10,please find:1)quantity and profit in short run when the price is$55;2)what is the
21、 price when the firm should shutdown;3)supply function of this firm in short run.第一百三十二页,共204页。Chapter 8:Analysis of Perfectly Competitive Markets1)SMC=0.3Q2-4Q+15According to the Rules for a firms under perfect competition=MC=55So,0.3Q2-4Q+15=55,Q=202)AVC=0.1Q2-2Q+15dAVC/dQ=0,that is 0.2Q-2=0,so Q=
22、10P=AVC=5第一百三十三页,共204页。Chapter 8:Analysis of Perfectly Competitive Markets3)when there is maxmum proofit,P=MCso,0.3Q2-4Q+15=PQ=416-1.2(15-P)1/2/0.6Q=4+(1.2P-2)1/2/0.6 when P5 or P=5Q=0 when PMC,additional unit of output provides more revenue than its costs,the firms profit will increaseWhen MR2Bundl
23、ing products are complements,substitutes and non-related goods.第一百七十七页,共204页。Chapter10:Oligopoly and Monopolistic CompetitionExercise 1Suppose you are a supplier in the imperfect market and you are thinking of how to price the goods that you produced.The marginal cost is$200,and the demand curve is
24、P=1000-2Q.1)if you are making the fixed price,what is the quantity and price that you are going to choose?What are the total revenue and profit?2)if you take price discrimination for customers,that is to say,you charge$600 and$400 for different customers.What are the quantities under the two prices?
25、What are the total revenue and profit?3)compare the results of question 1and question 2,which one is better?4)under price discrimination,is the consumer surplus raised or decreased?Please plot curves to show your point.第一百七十八页,共204页。Chapter10:Oligopoly and Monopolistic CompetitionExercise 2Suppose t
- 配套讲稿:
如PPT文件的首页显示word图标,表示该PPT已包含配套word讲稿。双击word图标可打开word文档。
- 特殊限制:
部分文档作品中含有的国旗、国徽等图片,仅作为作品整体效果示例展示,禁止商用。设计者仅对作品中独创性部分享有著作权。
- 关 键 词:
- 微观经济学 英文 教学 资料
![提示](https://www.taowenge.com/images/bang_tan.gif)
限制150内