主谓一致非常适合上课用.pptx

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1、Useful structures语法详解：所谓主谓一致是指主语和谓语动词之间,即主语的人称和单复数形式决定着谓语动词对应的形式。第1页/共87页The boy _ diving.They _ diving.Both Jack and Tim _ diving.All of them _ diving.Neither Jack nor Tim _ walking.isareareisareFinish the following exercises:第2页/共87页Bob Bob _ a worker.isMike Mike and Bob _ workers.areBoth Mike and

2、 Bob _workers.areNeither Mike nor Bob _a teacher.isBill Neither of them _(know)how to teach English.knows/knowAll of them _ workers.None of them _(know)how to teach English.are knows/know第3页/共87页主谓一致主要有以下几种情况：1.and连接两个或两个以上单数名词或者代词作主语的时候,谓语动词有以下两种情况：(1)He and she _both students of this school.他和她都是这

3、个学校的学生。如果指两个或两个以上不同的人或事物的时候,谓语动词用复数。一、语法一致原则are第4页/共87页(2)但如果连接两个以上的名词指的是同一个人或物,或者指同一概念的时候,谓语要用单数。第5页/共87页 The singer and dancer_ going to give us a performance.那个歌唱家兼舞蹈演员要给我们表演。The knife and fork _on the table.刀叉在桌子上。isis第6页/共87页2.如果主语是不定式,动词ing形式或主语从句的时候,谓语动词一般用单数。When he is coming _ very importan

4、t.他什么时候要来看起来很重要。Collecting stamps _ his hobby.收集邮票是他的爱好。To love her _ not to break her wings.爱她就不该折断她自由飞翔的翅膀。爱她就不该折断她自由飞翔的翅膀。seemsisis第7页/共87页3.定语从句的关系代词定语从句的关系代词who,which,that在从句中作主语时，要与先行词的人在从句中作主语时，要与先行词的人称和数保持一致。称和数保持一致。Those who_ singing may join us.Tom,who _ your friend,should help you.enjoyis

5、第8页/共87页4.with,along with,together with,as well as,besides,like,without,except,but,including 如果句子中有这些连接词和主语连用,谓语动词的数随主语的变化而变化。例如：The teacher,together with his students,_ planting trees in the street.老师和他的学生们正在街道上植树。is第9页/共87页Mr.Black,as well as two women,_ at the office.isMr.Black with,together with

6、,along with第10页/共87页1.either.or;neither.nor;not only.but also,whether.or在句子中连接主语的时候或者在there be句型中,谓语动词要和就近的主语保持一致。二、就近原则Neither you nor I _ wrong.There _ a cup of tea and some apples on the table.amis第11页/共87页Not only the students but also the teacher _ for a holiday.wishes第12页/共87页三、概念一致原则 所谓概念一致原则

7、是指谓语动词和主语一致不是取决于主语的语法形式,而是其实际意义。有的主语名词在形式上是单数,但在意义上却是复数；有的主语名词在形式上是复数,但在意义上却是单数。第13页/共87页1.不定代词不定代词all,more,some,any,none作主语作主语,谓语动词视情况而定。谓语动词视情况而定。All of the apples _rotten.所有的苹果都烂了。All of the apple _rotten.整个苹果都烂了。are is第14页/共87页None of the money_ left.没有剩下一点钱。None of the students _ there.没有学生在那里。

8、is is第15页/共87页None None 和和 neither neither 有时当作单数看待，有时当作复数看待，主要根据说话人的意思决定。有时当作单数看待，有时当作复数看待，主要根据说话人的意思决定。做主语时，谓动可用单数，也可用复数。但在代表不可数名词时常看作单数，因而谓动须做主语时，谓动可用单数，也可用复数。但在代表不可数名词时常看作单数，因而谓动须用单数。用单数。Neither of them _(know)how to teach English.None of them _(know)how to teach English.knows/know knows/know第16

9、页/共87页第17页/共87页2.the rest of;half of;part of;majority of;percent of;one third of在句子中加名词作主语的时候,谓语动词与of后面的名词保持一致。第18页/共87页Half of the students _finished theircomposition.一半的学生已经完成了他们的作文。Half of the apple _bad.一半的苹果坏了。About 60 percent of the students in ourschool _boys.我们学校,大约百分之六十的学生是男生.haveisare第19页/

10、共87页3.集合名词作主语,动词可用单数,也可以用复数。主要由句子的意思决定。强调整体谓语动词用单数；指全体人员时,动词则用复数。这一类常见的集合名词有public,family,class,crowd,population,team,group。第20页/共87页His family _going out.他们全家要外出。His family _all music lovers.他们全家人都是音乐爱好者。is are 第21页/共87页4.某些名词如people,police,cattle等,形式上是单数,但意义上是复数,谓语动词应用复数。people指“民族”时是例外。The police

11、 _ searching for a thief.The cattle _ eating grass on the hill.areare第22页/共87页5.复合不定代词作主语,谓语动词要用单数，如someone,somebody,something,anybody,anyone,anything,everybody,everyone,everything,nobody,no one,nothing。Someone_ asking for you.有人找你。Nothing _ found in the room.在屋子里什么也没找到。isis第23页/共87页6.某些名词如某些名词如clot

12、hes,trousers,shoes,glasses等等,通常只用其复数形式通常只用其复数形式,但但当它们被当它们被a pair of 修饰时修饰时,谓语动词谓语动词用单数。如用单数。如:The shoes _ worn out.鞋子破了。鞋子破了。The pair of shoes _ worn out.这双鞋破了。这双鞋破了。areis第24页/共87页名词如名词如trousers,pants,shorts,glasses,scissorstrousers,pants,shorts,glasses,scissors以及以及clothes,goodsclothes,goods等做主语，等做主

13、语，谓动要用复数；但当这类词前有谓动要用复数；但当这类词前有a/the pair ofa/the pair of修饰时，谓动用单数修饰时，谓动用单数。第25页/共87页7.某些名词以某些名词以s结尾如结尾如maths,politics,physics,news,plastics 等，谓语动词等，谓语动词应用单数。应用单数。物理是一门很有趣的学科。物理是一门很有趣的学科。Physics is a very interesting subject.第26页/共87页8.every.and every.;each.and each.;no.and no.在以上短语中在以上短语中and连连接的单数名词

14、接的单数名词,整个短语在句中作主语整个短语在句中作主语时时,谓语动词常使用单数。谓语动词常使用单数。Each man and each woman_ asked to attend.is第27页/共87页班级中的每个男孩女孩都很用功。听不到任何声音。Every boy and every girl in the class is diligent.No sound and no voice is heard.第28页/共87页9.以以a number of 作主语时作主语时,谓语动词用谓语动词用复数复数;以以the number of 作主语时作主语时,谓语谓语动词用单数。动词用单数。A nu

15、mber of new books_ on the desk.The number of students in you class _ 50.areis第29页/共87页10.有些名词的单数和复数形式一样,作主语的时候,其谓语动词由上下文决定,这一类名词有:means,works,deer,fish,sheep,Chinese,Japanese等。Not every means _ useful.不是每种方法都好使。Not all means _ useful.不是所有的方法都好使。isare第30页/共87页11.many a,more than one,one and a half与单数

16、名词组成的短语,谓语用单数。Many a boy _ seen it.许多孩子都看到了。12.书刊名、时间、距离、价格、度量衡等的复数名词作主语时,谓语动词常用单数。Thirty years _ not a long time.Roots is a famous American novel.hasis第31页/共87页1.this kind of book=a book of this kind(这种书),其谓语用单数;短语this kind of men=men of this kind=these kind of men(口语)(这一类人),但this kind of men 的谓语用单

17、数,men of this kind 和these kind of men 的谓语用复数,all kinds of 后跟复数名词,谓语用复数形式。例如：应该注意的几个问题:第32页/共87页 This kind of men _ dangerous.Men of this kind _dangerous.2.在主谓倒装的句子中,谓语动词的数应与其后的主语一致。例如:Between the two windows _ a picture.isarehangs第33页/共87页3.“分数或百分数+名词”构成的短语以及由“a lot of,lots of,plenty of,a large quan

18、tity of,a heap of,heaps of,half of+名词”构成的短语作主语时,其谓语动词要与短语中of 后面的名词的数保持一致,这是因为短语中后面的名词是中心词,而短语中前面的量词是修饰语。例如:第34页/共87页Lots of damage_ caused by fire.About three-fourths of the earths surface _ covered with water.Three-fifths of the workers here _women.和这种情况类似的还有“a number of+名词复数”。但是,“the number of+名词”

19、的中心词却是number。试比较：wasisare第35页/共87页A number of students _ gone to the countryside to help with the autumn harvest.The number of pages in this book _ two hundred.haveis第36页/共87页注意:a(large)quantity of 修饰可数或不可数名词,其短语作主语时,谓语动词用单数。A large quantity of people _ needed here.is第37页/共87页quantities of 修饰可数或不可数名

20、词,其短语作主语时,谓语动词一般用复数。例如:Quantities of food(nuts)_ on the table.短语in quantity,in large quantities 意为“大量”;in small quantities 意为“少量”。were第38页/共87页4.a great deal of,a large amount of,修饰不可数名词,其短语作主语时,谓语动词通常用单数;large amounts of 修饰不可数名词,其短语作主语时,谓语动词通常用复数。例如:第39页/共87页A large amount of(A great deal of)damage

21、 _ done in a very short time.Large amounts of money _ spent on the bridge.waswere第40页/共87页5.表示数量的one and a half 后,名词要用复数形式,但是其短语作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。例如：One and a half bananas _ left on the table.is第41页/共87页6.如果主语由“the+形容词(或过去分词)”结构担任时,谓语通常用复数;这类词有:the brave,the poor,the rich,the blind,the young,the old,th

22、e sick,the dead,the deaf and dub,the oppressed,the injured,the wounded,the unemployed 等;但也有少数的过去分词与定冠词连用时指个别,则用单数。例如：第42页/共87页The blind _ in special school.The departed(死者)_ a well-known engineer.这类形容词或分词如果要表示个体时,就要与名词man,person 或表示人的单数连用。例如:an old man,a rich person,the(a)wounded soldier.studywas第43

23、页/共87页主谓一致练习第44页/共87页1.Now Tom with his classmates _ football on the playground.A.play B.are playingC.plays D.is playing2.Thirty dollars _ too expensive.A.are B.is C.were D.be第45页/共87页3.If anybody _,please put down _ name,said the teacher to the monitor.A.wants to buy the book/his B.want to buy the

24、book/theirC.will buy the book/ones D.wants to have the book bought/her4.Nothing but one desk and six chairs _ in the room.A.are B.is stayed C.is D.are left第46页/共87页5.Between the two roads _ a TV tower called Skyscraper Tower.A.stands B.standing C.which stands D.stand6.Shall I wait here for three hou

25、rs?Yes.Three hours _ to wait for such a doctor.A.are not very long for you B.is not long enough for youC.was not long enough for you D.will be too long for you第47页/共87页7.Every student and every teacher _.A.are going to attend the meeting B.have attended the meetingC.has attended the meeting D.is att

26、ended the meeting8.This pair of shoes _.A.is her B.is hers C.are hers D.are her第48页/共87页9.What we need _good textbooks.A.is B.are C.have D.has第49页/共87页10._ has been done.A.ninetynine percents of the work B.Half of what he promised C.Twofifths of the articles D.Three quarter of the business 第50页/共87页

27、Supplementary Exercises第51页/共87页 Multiple choice:1.On the wall_ two large portraits.A.hangs B.hang C.hanged D.hanging2.“News of victories _ pouring in as our army advances,”the company commander said.A.keep B.keeps C.kept D.have kept3.There _ a lot of milk in the bottle.A.are B.is C.were D.has4.Zhan

28、gs family _ rather big,with twelve people in all.A.is B.are C.being D.was5.Nobody but Jane _ the secret.A.know B.knows C.have known D.is known第52页/共87页6.All but one _ here just now.A.is B.was C.has been D.were7.A library with five thousand books _ to the nation as a gift.A.is offered B.has offered C

29、.are offered D.have offered 8.Not only I but also Jane and Mary _ tired of having one exam after another.A.is B.are C.am D.be 9.The number of people invited _ fifty,but a number of them _ absent for different reasons.A.were;was B.was;was C.was;were D.were;were 10.When and where to build the new fact

30、ory _ yet.A.is not decided B.are not decided C.has not decided D.have not decided 第53页/共87页高考链接1.As a result of destroying the forests,a large _ of desert _ covered the land.(上海2001）A.number;has B.quantity;has C.number;have D.quantity;haveB第54页/共87页精析：a large number of 后面要接复数名词，所以A不能作为答案。因为desert是单数

31、，所以要填 has。这句话的意思是“毁坏森林的结果是，大片沙漠覆盖了陆地”答案 B第55页/共87页2._ of the land in that district _ covered with trees and grass.(上海2000)A.Two fifth,is B.Two fifth,are C.Two fifths,is D.Two fifths,areC第56页/共87页精析:分数的分子用基数词,分母用序数词表示.如果分子大于1,分母序数词后加s.分数和百分比作主语时,谓语动词的形式取决于分数和百分数后面的名词.句子中的主语 land是单数,所以谓语动词要用is covered

32、.答案C.第57页/共87页3 Each of the students,working hard at his or her lessons,_ to go to university.So do I.（全国1998）A.hopes B.hope C.hoping D.do hopeA第58页/共87页精析：这句话的主语是 Each of the students，是单数，所以要 hopes 选作谓语。现在分词短语working hard at his or her lessons 作状语，表示伴随的情况。有的考生盲目地把 lessons 当成了主语，填写了hope，发生了错误。本题的译文：

33、每一个努力学习的学生都想上大学。我也是。答案 A。第59页/共87页4._ people in the world are sending information by e-mail every day.（上海2001）A.Several million B.Many millions C.Several millions D.Many millionA第60页/共87页精析:在million前如果有具体的数字或 several等词时，要用单数形式。many一般不与 million等词连用.表示“数百万”，英语为 millions of。这句话的意思是“每天，世界上有几十万人通过 email传

34、递信息。”答案 A。第61页/共87页5.The number of people invited _ fifty,but a number of them _ absent for different reasons.(NMET96)A.were;was B.was;was C.was;were D.were;wereC第62页/共87页6.The number of students in this school _ by 5%every year.(MET92)A.rise B.raise C.rises D.raises the number of+复数可数名词作主语，表示的数目(数量

35、)，谓语动词用单数；a number of+复数可数名词作主语，表示许多，谓语动词用复数。C第63页/共87页7.A good deal of money _ spent on books.(MET84)A.have B.has C.have been D.has beenD第64页/共87页9.A library with five thousand books _ to the nation as a gift.(MET90)A.is offered B.has offered C.are offered D.have offeredA第65页/共87页10.Email,as well a

36、s telephone,_ an important part in daily communication.(上海99)A.is playing B.have played C.are playing D.playA第66页/共87页11.Nobody but Jane _ the secret.(MET86)A.know B.knows C.have known D.is known12.All but one _ here just now.(MET87)A.is B.was C.has been D.wereDB第67页/共87页13.Either you or the headmas

37、ter _ the prize to these gifted students at the meeting.(上海94)A.is handing out B.are to hand out C.are handing out D.is to hand outD第68页/共87页14.Not only I but also Jane and Mary _ tired of having one examination after another.(MET87)A.is B.are C.am D.beB第69页/共87页15.She is one of the few girls who _

38、in the kindergarten.(上海94)A.is well paid B.are well paid C.is paying well D.are paying wellB第70页/共87页16.He is the only one of the students who _ a winner of scholarship for three years.(上海2002春)A.is B.are C.have been D.has beenD第71页/共87页17._ of the land in that district _ covered with trees and gras

39、s.(上海2000)A.Two fifth;is B.Two fifth;are C.Two fifths;is D.Two fifths;areC分数或百分数+of+名词作主语时,谓语动词的数与名词的数一致。第72页/共87页18.When and where to build the new factory _ yet.(MET91)A.is not decided B.are not decided C.has not decided D.have not decidedA动名词、不定式或从句作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。第73页/共87页倒装句及there be句型中，谓语动词往往与最

40、邻近的一个主语保持一致。19.There _ no life on the moon.(MET92)A.is said to have B.are said to have C.is said to be D.are said to beC第74页/共87页20.Each of the students,working hard at his or her lessons，_ to go to university.(上海98)A.hope B.hopes C.hoping D.hopedBeither/neither/each+of+复数名词作主语，谓语动词用单数。第75页/共87页21.A

41、 group of _ are eating _ and _ at the foot of the hill.(NMET95)A.sheep;grass;leaves B.sheeps;grasses;leaves C.sheep;grass;leaf D.sheeps;grass;leafsA第76页/共87页22.Every possible means _ to prevent air pollution,but the sky is still not clear.(上海上海2000春春)A.is used B.are used C.has been used D.have been

42、usedC第77页/共87页单复数同形的名词作主语时，依照意义单复数同形的名词作主语时，依照意义一致的原则，表示单数意义时，谓语用一致的原则，表示单数意义时，谓语用单数；反之，谓语用复数形式。这类名单数；反之，谓语用复数形式。这类名词有：词有：sheep,deer,means(方法、手段方法、手段),works(工厂工厂),species(种类种类)第78页/共87页过关落实过关落实1.A survey of the opinions of experts _ that three hours of outdoor exercise a week _ good for ones health.

43、A.show；are B.shows；is C.show；is D.shows；are 解析：解析：“a surveya survey”作主语，谓语动词用单数；表时间，距离，作主语，谓语动词用单数；表时间，距离，金钱的可数名词复数作主语，谓语动词也用单数。金钱的可数名词复数作主语，谓语动词也用单数。答案：答案：B2.We live day by day，but in the great things，the time of days and weeks _ so small that a day is unimportant.A.is B.are C.has been D.have been

44、解析：解析：主语是主语是“the timethe time”，故谓语动词用单数。，故谓语动词用单数。答案：答案：A 第79页/共87页3.The company had about 20 notebook computers but only onethird _ used regularly.Now we have 60 working all day long.A.is B.are C.was D.were 解析：解析：此处此处oneonethird third 指指one third of 20 notebook one third of 20 notebook computers co

45、mputers，故为复数；与，故为复数；与nownow相对，用过去时。相对，用过去时。答案：答案：D4.Most of what has been said about the Smiths _ also true of the Johnsons.A.are B.is C.being D.to be 解析：解析：主语为主语为“大部分对大部分对Smith Smith 夫妇的说法夫妇的说法”，看成单数，谓，看成单数，谓语语 动词用动词用isis。答案：答案：B 第80页/共87页5.A poet and artist _ coming to speak to us about Chinese li

46、terature and painting tomorrow afternoon.A.is B.are C.was D.were 解析：解析：a poet and artista poet and artist指一个人，既是诗人，也是艺术家。指一个人，既是诗人，也是艺术家。答案：答案：A6.The father as well as his three children _ skating on the frozen river every Sunday afternoon in winter.A.is going B.go C.goes D.are going 解析：解析：主语仍为主语仍为t

47、he fatherthe father，单数形式；，单数形式；as well as his three as well as his three children children作句子的状语，不影响谓语动词的单复数。作句子的状语，不影响谓语动词的单复数。答案：答案：C 第81页/共87页7._ of the land in that district _ covered with trees and grass.A.Two fifth；is B.Two fifth；are C.Two fifths；is D.Two fifths；are 解析：解析：表示分数时，分子大于一，分母表示分数时，分

48、子大于一，分母(序数词形式序数词形式)加加s s；主语；主语 为为landland，不可数，故谓语动词用单数。，不可数，故谓语动词用单数。答案：答案：C8.Every possible means _ to prevent the air pollution，but the sky is still not clear.A.is used B.are used C.has been used D.have been used 解析：解析：every possible meansevery possible means每一种可行的方式；每一种可行的方式；meansmeans单复数单复数 同形，此

49、句中为单数；表示同形，此句中为单数；表示“每种办法都用过了每种办法都用过了”，用现在完成，用现在完成时时 的被动语态。的被动语态。答案：答案：C 第82页/共87页9.As a result of destroying the forests，a large _ of desert _ covered the land.A.number；has B.quantity；has C.number；have D.quantity；have 解析：解析：a large number of a large number of 不修饰不可数名词；不修饰不可数名词；a large a large quant

50、ity of quantity of不可数名词，谓语用单数。不可数名词，谓语用单数。答案：答案：B10.He is the only one of the students who _ the winner of scholarship for three years.A.is B.are C.have been D.has been 解析：解析：有有the onlythe only修饰先行词，其后的定语从句中谓语用单数。修饰先行词，其后的定语从句中谓语用单数。答案：答案：D 第83页/共87页11.The population of China _ over 1.3 billion and