中考英语语法复习.pptx

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1、名词 名词的种类专有名词：普通名词：可数：不可数：个体名词：nurse,house,horse,apple,pen集体名词：people,family,class,trousers物质名词：water,paper,air,milk抽象名词：work,housework,homework,information,news,weather第1页/共65页名词的可数与不可数 1、物质名词与抽象名词一般无法用数目计算，为不可数名词。不可数名词前不能加冠词a 或an来表示量，也没有复数形式。要表示“一个（只，块，张。）”的概念，须加 a piece of ,a bowl of,a drop of 等。表

2、示“一些，许多”可用：some,any,a little,little,a lot of,lots of,much,等2、集体名词象people,police,trousers,scissors只有复数形式。Family,class等指个体成员时为，指整体时为3、有的名词在表示某一词义时是可数名词，而表示另一词义时又是不可数名词。Glass,chicken,paper,exercise,orange第2页/共65页名词的数、单数：_egg,_green desk,_orange,_yellow orange,_interesting film,_ eight-year-old boy、复数：词

3、尾加 s 或 es复数的构成规则：bus,box;tomato,potato;radio,photo,piano;match,watch;wish,brush;baby,factory,party;monkey,day;life,thief,knife;不规则：man,woman,child,foot,tooth,mouse,Chinese,Japanese,fish,sheep,deer复合名词：A.Boy friend_,apple tree_B.Man doctor_,woman engineer_第3页/共65页练习、which of the following words are c

4、ountable,which are uncountable?Give both the single forms and plural formsWork,music,milk,homework,chalk,child,stamp,watch,match,housework,life,knife,man,policeman,news,paper,tomato,tooth,sheep,coffee,factory,tea,photo,boy,piano,mouse,photo,month,vegetable,newspaper,people,message,information,wolf,w

5、ife2.Put the following into English两张纸，一个姑娘的名字，汤姆叔叔是我爸爸的一位朋友，二十分钟的走路路程，这家医院有名女医生和男医生，这是Sue 和Susan共有的房间3.choice1).During the _trip,the children learnt a lot A.ten-days B.ten days C.ten day D.ten days第4页/共65页代 词第5页/共65页第一人称第二人称 第三人称主格宾格形容词性物主代词名词性物主代词 I weMe usMy ourMine oursyoursyouyouryouShe he it t

6、heyHer him it themHer his its theirHers his its theirsGive an example of each prons第6页/共65页人称代词使用时应注意1。分清its和its:its 它的。例如:The clock has its face.its=it is 例如：Its a toy clock.2.名词性物主代词=形容词性物主代词+名词，名词是单数，名词性物主代词为单数，反之为复数。例如：His brother is a soldier.Mine is a driver and hers is an engineer.I left my c

7、lothes on the chair.Where _his?a friend of his/mine/yours=one of hisfriends3.A friend of his/mine=one of his/my friends;the watch of hers4.冠词不能和形容词性物主代词一起用例如：a my cat(wrong)第7页/共65页5.This/that+single noun;these/those+plural noun.6.In the dialogue,it can be used to refer to(this/that),they refer to(t

8、hese/those)7.That 可用来代替前面提到过的单数名词或不可数名词，those代替复数名词 例如：The weather today is finer than that yesterday.The radios made in Beijing are as good as those made in Shanghai.8.反身代词：A、能写出 B、注意搭配 例如：Say to oneself enjoy oneself By oneselfFor oneselfHelp oneselfTeach oneselfLily saw her in the mirror.Lily saw

9、 herself in the mirror.第8页/共65页It 的用法1、用以指前文提到的物，有时也可指不知性别的婴儿或不确指性别的人 例如：Where is your book?It is over there.The baby is crying.It may be hungryWho is knocking at the door?It must be Li Lei.2.It 也可用来表示天气、时间、距离等It is rainy today.It will turn out fine tomorrowWhat is the time?It is nine.It is ten minu

10、tes walk from here3、作形式主语或形式宾语，没有意义It takes me ten minutes to walk from there.I found it very hard to learn grammar.第9页/共65页It/that/one 用以指前文提到过的单数名词them/those/ones用以指前文提到过的复数名词思考1.The bag is in the middle of the road.Lets move _away.2.If you need an eraser,I can lend you _.3.If you need the eraser,

11、I can lend _to you.4.I have a new coat and some old _.5.The story of my father is more interesting than _of mine.6.The weather here is warmer than _in Beijing.7.The temperature in the daytime is half of _at night.7.The exercises in this paper are much easier than _ in the mid-term paper.8.My radio i

12、s broken.I will buy a new _.第10页/共65页结论1、that,those 后常跟介词短语（that/those+介词短语）前文是不可数名词时只能用that 替代2、one/ones 前常有形容词、冠词、数量词、等修饰。3、it 指前文提到的那个名词第11页/共65页 some/any/no1.My brother doesnt need _help.2.If you have got _questions,please put up your hands.3.Would you like to have_bananas?Yes,Id like to.4.There

13、 isnt _water here.could you get _for me?5.I asked her for _paper,but she didnt have _6.You can come at _time.some,any与 thing,body,one 构成的合成词的用法与some,any 一样第12页/共65页 a little/little;a few/few1.Though it was late last night.I could still see _persons in the street.2.People are all getting together at

14、a big dinner with their families at the new years eve,so you could see _persons walking in the street.3.Can you speak German?Yes,but only _.4.The lake is far away._people like to go fishing there.5.There is _rain this summer.The trees are going to die.6.Sorry,I cant answer your question.I know _abou

15、t the news.7.Dont hurry.We still have _time left.8.The old man has _friends.So he feels very lonely.9.He wanted to borrow some money from me,but I had _.第13页/共65页 other/another 必背:Each other,(两者)互相 one another,（三者或以上）相互 one after another,一个接一个 from one to another,从一个到另一个 the other day 不久前的某一天（用于过去时）

16、Another 另一个，泛指众多中的一个，another+单数名词“再，又”：Another+数词+名词复数；相当于：数词+more+名词复数第14页/共65页1、some/any/many+other+2.The other:两个中另一个3.The others：(=the other+plural noun)4.others:some.others1.Jimmy is taller than _ _ boy in his class.2.This cap is too small.Could you show me _?3.Jimmy and Carter are back in the

17、classroom now.where are _?4.On Sundays some students are watching TV,_are going to the clubs.5.there are only two books left.but I dont like this one.Will you show me _?第15页/共65页不定代词1.Both,all 2.Neither,none,no one3.Each,every,either,any第16页/共65页一、Both （两者）都 all （三者或以上）都1、All the(my)students are ver

18、y bright.All of the(my)students are very bright.(all of them)The(my)students are all very bright.All are here.(all=all people)All has gone well.(all=everything)2、Both of my parents work in the childrens hospital.(both of them)Both my parents work in the childrens hospital.My parents both work in the

19、 childrens hospital.3.Phrases:all day,all year,not at all,bothand第17页/共65页重点提示1、both 表两者都，all 表三者都2、Both+可数名词复数；all+可数名词复数或不可数名词3、both,all+of+人称代词宾格；of 不能省4、all both 作副词时，位置在主动词后，行为动词前第18页/共65页二、neither (两者)都不 none(三者或以上)都不，no one没人 注意这些词作主语时谓语动词单数和复数NeithernoneThe(ones)+可数名词复数 谓语动词用单数或复数 或不可数名词单数谓语

20、动词用单数第19页/共65页3、each,every,either,anyEach:（两者或以上）每一；可作代词、形容词、副词1、Each of us has a English-Chinese dictionary.(代词)We each have an English-Chinese dictionary.(副词)Each student has an English-Chinese dictionary.(形容词)2、every:（三者或以上）每一的，仅作定语Every student has bought an English-Chinese dictionary.第20页/共65页4

21、.Either:(两者之间)任何一个 作代词、形容词、副词There are many trees and flowers on _side of the river.(形容词)-When shall we meet,this evening or tomorrow morning?-I dont mind._is OK.(代词)He cant swim very well,I cant _.（副词）Either.or/neither nor.Neither can I.5.any:（三者或以上）任何一个，作代词，形容词 第21页/共65页形容词第22页/共65页形容词的位置？1、名词前。例：

22、一本有用的书、我们美丽的学校、十部最佳影片、愤怒的人们2、名词后。一个装满水的 瓶子、很远的小镇、一棵两百米高的树、3、不定代词后。有些奇怪的东西、没什么严重的第23页/共65页名词化的形容词The+(adj):表一类人或物。作主语时，谓语动词为复数The rich,the poor,the old,the young,等表语性形容词只作表语、不能作定语置于名词前但可作后置定语。没有比较级的变化。不用修饰。这样的形容词多以开头：alone,afraid,asleep,awake,able,ill,well等The baby is asleep.A sleeping baby.Dont wake

23、 up the baby asleep The old man is alone.A single man.A lonely man.这些表语性形容词可作状语The man lives alone in a small house第24页/共65页形容词比较级 规则变化:单音节词和双音节词，在词尾加-er构成比较级,-est构成最高级A.tall,high B.nice,fine,C.big,thin,fat,hot,D.easy,busy,E.clever,narrow,few第25页/共65页形容词比较等级的用法、比较级than2、the+比较级+of+the+two 两个当中比较的一位3

24、、the+最高级+of(in)+三者或以上。4、as+形容词原级+as5、not so(as)+原级+as 6、the 比较级，the 比较级：越。就越。7、比较级+and+比较级：越来越。8、one of the 最高级+名词复数第26页/共65页比较级与最高级之间的转换1、比较级+than+any other+名词单数2、比较级+than+the+other(any of the other)+名词复数3、No one+谓语+比较级+than4、比较级+than+anyone else汤姆比他的班上同学都高汤姆比其他班上同学都高第27页/共65页常见副词的用法区别1、either,also

25、,too,neither 11.enough2、before,ago3、hard,hardly4、too,very,much5、no more,no longer6、how often,how soon7.As+副词+as/not so(as)as8.Already/yet/ever9.Sometime,some time,sometimes第28页/共65页Either/also/too:也1、Mary likes collecting stamps.I like collecting stamps,too2、She also went climbing last week.3、Johnso

26、n didnt come in the morning and she didnt come in the afternoon,either.Too用于肯定句，放句尾，用逗号隔开。also 放在助动词后，行为动词前。Either用于否定句，放句尾，用逗号隔开。第29页/共65页Before/ago1.I have heard about the UFO before.2.I had heard about the UFO ten years before.3.I heard about the UFO ten years ago.一段时间+ago：用于过去时一段时间+before:用于过去完成

27、时Before:用 于现在完成时或过去时 第30页/共65页Hard/hardly1.She was very tired after a days hard work.2.Diamond is a kind of hard stone.3.It was raining hard outside.4.She worked hard than any other girl in her class.5.He can hardly read or write his name.6.There is hardly any food left in the fridge.第31页/共65页Very,t

28、oo,much1.The box is very heavy.2.The box is too heavy.3.I like my school very much.4.This box is much heavier than that one.Very 只用于修饰形容词或副词very much用于修饰动词Too 修饰形容词时,带否定意思第32页/共65页No more/no longer1.The man no longer lives here.He has gone abroad.2.He has no longer(no more)played for the National Te

29、am.3.She said no more about it after she heard that.4.I have no more time for holidaysNo longer 时间上“不再”只作状语No more 数量上“不再”可作状语、宾语、定语第33页/共65页How long,how soon,how oftenHow long:多久，对一段时间提问How soon:对“in+一段时间”提问How often:对频率副词提问：twice a week,every other day等1.How long will the film last?-About two hour

30、s.2.How soon will they finish the composition?-In an hour.3.How often do they go shopping?-once a month.第34页/共65页动词1、连系动词2、助动词3、情态动词4、实意动词第35页/共65页动词大家庭系动词实义动词助动词情态动词Be,look,smell,taste,sound,feel,become,get,turn keep,seem及物动词:不及物动词:do,does,did,is am,are,was,were,have,has,had,情态动词第36页/共65页常用动词及动词短语第

31、37页/共65页1、look,see,watch,readLook:vi.看（动作）look at/like/after/up/down/over/out of/into.See:vt.看见（结果）see a filmWatch:vt.观看(动作)watch TV,watch a matchRead:vt.看（书，报等文字的东西）1)._out!A car is flying toward you.2).The boy likes to sit by and _ the others play ball games.3).Can you _ a bird in the tree?_,its b

32、ehind the leaves.4).He often _magazines in the library after lunch.5).He _into the hole but he couldnt _anything.第38页/共65页2.Spend,take,costSb.Spend(s)time or money(in)doing sth./on sth.It takes sb.Time to do sth./to do sth.Takes sb.timeSth.Cost(s)sb.Time or moneyIt costs sb.Time or money to do sth.1

33、).She _ two dollars on the book.The book _her only two dollars.And it _her five minutes to read it through.2).Itll _us half an hour _there.So its half an hours walk.3).It _me nothing to make the trip.It was free.4).I spent two hours _sorting out the documents.5).Planting the trees _them two days.第39

34、页/共65页3.Take,bring,fetch,carryTake:Bring:Fetch:Take the box thereBring that box hereGo and fetch the box for me1).Please _ the ball to the teachers office,will you?2).Who can _some chalk for the teacher?3).You must _your composition back when you come here next time.4).No one can _the newspaper out

35、of the library.5).Our shop doesnt let people _food in.6).Youd better _your umbrella when you leave.7).He forgot _his textbook again.The teacher was very angry.第40页/共65页4.Put on,wear,dress,take off,try onPut on:穿上（动作）反意词：take off；wear 穿着（状态）Dress oneself:给（某人）穿衣;try on:试穿1).It is going to rain.Youd b

36、etter_your raincoat.2).The girl likes _herself like a boy.3).Today Mr.Li _ a red T-shirt and a pair of white trousers.4).You can _the hat before you decide to buy it.5).He _his shoes and crossed the river.6).The baby is too young to _ himself.7).It is cold outside._your coat when you go out.第41页/共65

37、页Borrow,lend,keepBorrow:借进 borrow sth.From sb.(短暂性动词)Lend:借出 lend sth to sb (短暂性动词)Keep:延续性动词 How long can I keep the book?1).He _some books from the library before the end of the term.2).May I _your bike,please?-sorry I _it to Lily.3).How long can I _ the book?4).You can _it for two days.第42页/共65页L

38、ook for,find,find outTurn on/turn off/turn up/turn downLook for:寻找（强调动作）I cant find my bike.Have you see it?Dont look for it any more.The policeman has taken it away.Find:找到（强调结果）I have looked for my key everywhere but I still cant find it.Find out:找出查明（通过调查研究找到事实的真相）:The teacher found out who broke

39、 the window.Turn on:开（灯，自来水等）Turn off:关Turn up:开大 turn down:关小 第43页/共65页Say,speak,talk,tellSay:vt 说“什么”say sth.to sb./Say it again.Speak:vi 讲话，讲（语言）speak English;learn to speakTalk:vi/noun 谈话，谈论（about,with,to）Tell:告诉（双宾语）tell sb sth/tell sth to sb/tell sb to do/tell sb.not to do/tell a story/tell th

40、e time1.He _he was in Class One./He _me he was in Class One.2.He will give a three minutes _ at the beginning of the class.3.The old man can _seven languages.4.We _about the language of the Inuit tribe in tomorrows class.5.Can you _it again?I didnt hear you clearly.6.Would you please ask him _ loude

41、r next time?第44页/共65页Get to,arrive,reach 到达Get to:I will write to you as soon as I get to New York.Arrive vi:arrive at/in A group of British visitors arrived at our school yesterday morning.Reach:vt When he reaches the school,he will telephone us.There/here/home:放在get,arrive后不用to,at,in 第45页/共65页List

42、en/hear Listen 听 不及物，常与介词to连用如:I listened carefully,but heard nothing.Hear 听到 及物 后直接跟宾语Hear 听说 后跟宾语从句hear from sb 收到某人的来信如:Jims mother havent heard from him for a long time.hear of 听说如:Have you heard of the news?第46页/共65页Forget/leaveforget-leave forget忘了某物如:I forgot to tell you about it.leave把某物忘在某地

43、如:Kate left her key to her room at home.第47页/共65页put on-wear-dress put on 穿上（强调动作）如:Its cold outside.Please put on your coat.wear穿着（强调状态）如:Lucy is wearing a blue sweater today.dress打扮，给.穿衣服 dress sb./oneself 给某人（或自己）穿衣服get dressed 穿好衣服dress up 打扮 穿上盛装”如:She often dresses up in a red skirt.第48页/共65页连

44、系动词有：be,become,get,turn,seem,feel,sound,look,taste,smell,keep 等1.Link verbs+adj:The mooncake tastes delicious.2.Link verbs+like:look like,feel like,taste like3.Link verbs 在疑问句和否定句中：The mooncake doesnt taste delicious.Does the mooncake taste delicious?4.Look at为行为动词 注意下列两句句子的区别：The little dog looked

45、hopefully at me The little dog looked very sad.第49页/共65页Pass pastPass:vt 经过 过去时为：passed Past:adj/prepHe was the first one to pass the finishing line.He passed the final exam.He was first past the finishing line.The word passed is the past form of“pass”.1.When I _by the shop,I saw some retired ladies

46、 dancing waltz.2.Please buy me a handkerchief when you go _the supermarket.3.The old men like to think about something _while the young men like to look ahead.4.The exam is so hard that few students _it.第50页/共65页Across:介词 横穿，穿过Cross：动词 穿过 cross the street=go across the streetCrossing:十字路口 Through：（从

47、物体中间穿过，如穿过森林，高楼林立的城市，窗户等）第51页/共65页Asleep,sleepy,sleeping,awakeasleep是表语形容词，在句中放在be 动词之后；它不能放在名词之前，例如我们不可以说：Look at the asleep baby.(asleep应改为sleeping)例：She was fast asleep；I couldnt wake her up她睡得很熟，我喊不醒她。The old man has fallen asleep那个老人睡着了。请注意:be asleep是指“睡着”的状态，如果表示“入睡”的意味，就要用fall asleep。第52页/共65

48、页Sleeping:是定语形容词，它放在它所修饰的名词之前，如the sleeping baby。如果放在 verb“to be”之后（He is sleeping)，sleeping 不是形容词，而是动词，is sleeping 是现在进行时。例：Who is that sleeping man？那个在睡觉的人是谁？Keep an eye on the sleeping baby照看好那个在睡觉的婴孩。Let sleeping dogs lie莫惹事生非。sleeping一词有构词能力，它能和另一些词构成复合名词。如：sleeping-bag（睡袋）；sleepingcar（卧车）；slee

49、ping-pill（安眠药）Sleeping有一近义词，即sleepy。sleepy既可作表语，又可作定语。作表语时，means“困倦”、“想睡觉”，用作定语时，means：“贪睡”、“寂静的”。例：The children feel sleepy；put them to bed孩子们困了，把他们放到床上睡吧。第53页/共65页31、jobworkjob是可数名词，work是不可数名词，一般表示抽象意义的工作，可用a piece of work修饰。He is doing an interesting job.He is doing interesting work.第54页/共65页Hard

50、 work:名词 Hard work and his intelligence make him a popular person in his workplace.She finally becomes the best student through hard workWork hard 动词，不及物。如跟宾语，可用介词 at The final exam is on its way.He is working hard to pass it.He works so hard at English.Hard working:形容词 We Chinese are hard working p