【课件】高中英语定语从句讲解课件 2023届高考备考专题复习.pptx

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1、定语从句关系代词1.who指人，做主语,不可省略。The man _ is sleeping is his father.2.whom指人，做宾语，可省略 The man _ you are looking for is his fatherwhowhom3.which指物，做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略 This is the watch _ I am looking for.which4.that指人指物，做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略 I like music_I can dance to(that)5.whose指人指物，做定语。The classroom _ door is brok

2、en will soon be repaired.whose1.关于 whose whose 在从句中作定语，意为“.的”在whose 后面，一定要有名词，因为它起到定语的作用，用来修饰名词。I know a boy _mother is a teacher in our school.whose My friend got a new room _ windows face the south.whose注意：whose常用以下结构来代替：whose sth=the sth of which（指物）=and ones sth(指人或指物)The classroom _ door is bro

3、ken will soon be repaired.=The classroom the door of _ is broken will soon be repaired.=The classroom will soon be repaired and _ door is broken.whosewhichitsDo you like the book _color is pink?=Do you like the book the color of _ is pink?=Do you know the book,and _ colour is pink?whose whichits2.关于

4、 that 万能，指人指物，做主语做宾语，做宾语可省略The house _was built in 1987 stayed up in the earthquake.that The teacher _I met yesterday is a teacher of English(that)只能用that 的几种情况1.当先行词被 some-，any-，every-，no-，all，much，little，none，few 等修饰时，关系词只能用thatAll the people _ come from the country work much harderthat2.当先行词被序数词或

5、最高级修饰时，关系词只能用thatThe first place _they visited in London was the Big Benthat This is the best film _ I have seen.that3.当先行词被the very,the only修饰时，关系词只能用thatThis is the very dictionary_ I want to buythatAfter the fire in his house,the old car is the only thing _ he owned.thatWhich is the t-shirt _ fit

6、s me most?thatWho is the man _is standing there?5.当先行词既有人又有物时，关系词只能用thatthat Can you remember the scientist and his theory _ we have learned?that4.当先行词前面有who,which等疑问代词时，关系词只能用that6.在there be 句型中，只用thatThere is a bus _ can take you homethat3.关于which 指物，做主语宾语，做宾语可省略。一般可与that互换The fish_we bought were

7、not fresh(which/that)指物，做主语宾语，做宾语可省略。一般可与that互换定语从句只能用which的情况1.先行词为that，those时，关系词只能用whichWhats that _ is under the desk?which2.关系代词前有介词时，只能用which。(将在后面详细讲解)3.引导非限定性定语从句，只能用which(将在后面详细讲解)4.先行词为the way时由in which或that引导，且可省略The way _he answered the question was surprising(in which/that)5.当主句和从句存在逻辑上

8、的因果关系时，常用whichTom was always late for school,_made his teacher angry.which 4.关于 who,whom 先行词如果指人，关系代词可用上述的 that，也可用who,whom.Who,whom在从句中分别作主语和宾语。在口语和非正式文体中whom可省略The boy _ broke the window is Tom.who/thatThe girl you are looking for is a student.(who,whom)whomI dont like people talk much but do litt

9、le.A.whom B.that C.which D.whoseB1.as代替前面的句子或词，引导的定语从句可以前置，而which不行as引导的定语从句As was natural,he married the girl.As we know,the earth is round.2.用在the sameas,suchas,结构中We are facing the same problems as we did years agoWe hope to get such a tool as he is usingas引导定语从句主要用于非限制性定语从句和the sameas，suchas的结构中

10、。the sameas与the samethat引导的定语从句在意义上的区别前者修饰的是同类不同物；而后者修饰的同样的东西。This is the same watch as I lost.This is the same watch that I lost.这和我丢失的那一只表一样。（不是同一只）这就是我丢失的那一只表。（同一只）DCBB警惕句子中的介词-介词+关系代词引导的定语从句1.如果定语从句中有介词，并且关系词能与介词连用构成词组，则用which whom that 引导（此时that仅指物不指人,介词与that不能紧挨着）.例：选择适当的关系代词填空 who whom which

11、that whose 例1.Tomorrow I will bring here a magazine _ you asked for.that/which例2.The man _ you talked with is my friend.whom例3.Is this the man from _ you borrowed the novel?whom例4.He liked the film in his favourite actor,Will Smith,playedA.what B.where C.which D.whoC警惕句子中的介词-介词+关系代词引导的定语从句2.如果定语从句中无

12、介词，但分析后缺少介词短语，则用“介词+which”或“介词+whom”引导.例1.The plane we flew to canada is very comfortable.A.that B.in which C.with whomB例2.In the dark street,there wasnt a single person _ she could turn for help.A.that B.who C.from whom D.to whomD例3.Tomorrow I will bring here a magazine you asked.A.that B.who C.for

13、 which D.to whomC判断正误：(1)The man with whom you talked is my friend.(2)The man that you talked with is my friend.(3)The plane in which we flew to canada is very comfortable.(4)The plane in that we flew to canada is very comfortable.答案:1(t)2.(f)应改为 whom3.(t)4.(f)应改为 in which3.含有介词的动词词组一般不拆开使用，如：look f

14、or,look after,take care of等,否则拆开后意思就变了。判断正误(1)this is the watch which I am looking for.(2)this is the watch for which I am looking.答案:1.(t)（look for 寻找）2.(f)（look看）关系副词 where when why对划线部分提问1.Fanghua lives in Panjin.2.Fanghua lives in Panjin.Where does Fanghua live?What/Which city does Fanghua live

15、in where=介词+地点名词when=介词+时间名词Why=介词+原因名词易错题:1.关系词指地点时用that还是whereThe picture reminded me of the town _ I grew up.where Beijing is the place _ I was born inthatThe picture reminded me of the town _ I used to live inthatBeijing is the place _ I was bornwhere 易错题:2.关系词指时间时用that还是whenThe time we arrived

16、at was not late thatThe time we arrived was not latewhen3.关系词指原因时用that还是whyIs this the reason he refused our offer?whyIs this the reason he refused our offer for?that和限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句限制性定语从句 China is a country which has a long history.China,which was founded in 1949,is becoming powerful.非限制性定语从句 非限制性

17、定语从句_逗号，从句去掉后对原句意思_影响；限制性定语从句_逗号，从句去掉后对原句意思_影响无有有无观察引导词：非限制性定语从句中，关系词指物时只能用which/whose，不能用that；指人时用who/whomYesterday I met Li Ping,_ seemed to be very busy.whoThe dam,_is the biggest in the world,is 3800 metres long.which The workers,some of _ stayed for four years,came from different countries.whom

18、This is the best novel _ I have read.thatThis is a good novel,_ is famous and popular.which非限制性定语从句里没有that和why，why可以用for which代替。I had told them the reason,for which I didnt attend the meeting我把理由告诉了他们，为此我没去开会。None of us accepted the reason he explained,for which he was absent.我们没有一个人接受他所解释的理由非限制性定语

19、从句从 不能出现 that 和why,但是你会见到以下句子：Meeting my uncle on the street after many years was an unforgettable experience,one(that)I will always treasure.或者就是下面那句My success in business,the reason why he dislikes me,has been due to hard work.这两句中的定语从句都不是非限制性定语从句,而是限制性定语从句.因为 why 和 that 都没有直接出现在逗号后面,关系词直接出现在逗号后面才

20、叫做非限制性定语从句.用用whichwhich/as代替整个句子代替整个句子非限制性定语从句的先行词可以是一个词，也可以是部分或整个主句。用which或as来引导She accepted his proposal(求婚),_was natural.as(which)as可以放在主句之前，之后，句中，位置很灵活。但是which只在主句之后_ he pointed out,your words were wrong.As The boy is pretty handsome,_we can see in our classroomas/which高考命题规则1.关于whose空格后有名词，从句可转

21、换成“and ones”或“the sth of which”cBD2.关于which主要考which引导的非限制性定语从句，which指代逗号前的名词/代词/短语/句子注意that和why不引导非限制性定语从句。另外注意what和it是干扰项，这俩词不引导定语从句。BD3.关于where注意where=介词+地点名词，注意分析从句缺“地点名词”还是“介词+地点名词”注意where的先行词有时也可能是activity,case,point,race,job,situation等抽象名词，此时where相当于in which注意干扰项：there,here,what 不引导定语从句例：Creat

22、ing an atmosphere _ employees feel part of a team is a big challenge.(浙江)A.As B.whose C.in which D.at which答案:C 选项中无where,则用介词+whichCCB4.介词+关系词A.介词+关系代词 主要考察介词的正确选择 当从句由“介词+which”引导时，介词的确定方法是找到与之构成搭配的动词、名词、形容词等C C B.代词+介词+关系代词此题答案为D，但很容易误选A。如果把逗号改为and或but，选A就没问题。答案：B.两个句子间无并列连词，故不能选A,D.What不引导定语从句，C错名词+介词+关系代词 注意语序不要错 答案：A.注意语序不要错：名词+介词+关系代词ACC5.分离型定语从句 从句与先行词之间被其他词隔开A.被状语隔开B.将定语从句置于句末AAA