免疫细胞和免疫器官ppt课件教学资料.ppt

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1、免疫细胞和免疫器官ppt课件 Still waters run deep.流静水深流静水深,人静心深人静心深 Where there is life,there is hope。有生命必有希望。有生命必有希望表表 2-1 2-1 外周血中各种白细胞的比例外周血中各种白细胞的比例免疫免疫 细胞细胞 占白细胞总数百分比占白细胞总数百分比（%）中性粒40-75嗜碱性粒细胞0.1-1嗜酸性粒细胞1-7单核细胞2-11淋巴细胞20-35树突细胞0.1-1一 Cells of the Immune SystemCells of the Immune System(免疫细胞)2-1 造血干细胞造血干细胞的分

2、化途径的分化途径 Differentiation of hematopoietic stem cells造血干细胞 淋巴系干细胞再生B 淋巴细胞 T 淋巴细胞NK细胞 单核 细胞嗜中性粒细胞嗜酸性粒细胞嗜碱性粒细胞肥大细胞 血小板 红细胞 巨核细胞 髓红系干细胞 髓系干细胞粒-单核系干细胞红母细胞造 血 干 细 胞 的 分 化 途 径树突状细胞？树突状细胞？2-22-2粒细胞系粒细胞系 (Granulocytes)(Granulocytes)中性粒细胞中性粒细胞嗜酸性粒细胞嗜酸性粒细胞嗜碱性粒细胞嗜碱性粒细胞中性粒细胞(Neutrophil)在普通光学显微镜下观察Giemsa染色血涂片，中性粒

3、细胞呈淡藕荷色，多叶核，胞浆中含有大量的细胞颗粒。透射电镜下其胞浆颗粒清晰可辨。RBCNeutrophils represent 60-70%of leukocytes in the peripheral blood.Their granules contain alkaline phosphatase,lysozame,lactoferrin etc.They are the earliest phagocytic cells to appear in the bacterial infection and are prominent constituent of pus.嗜酸性粒细胞嗜酸性

4、粒细胞(Eosinophil)在普通光学显微镜下观察Giemsa 染色的血涂片，嗜酸性粒细胞胞核为双叶状，胞浆中含有大量深红色细胞颗粒。透射电镜下其胞浆颗粒呈结晶状。Eosinophils represent 2-4%of peripheral blood white cells.Their granules contain histaminase,acid phosphatase,and major basic protein.They are important in destroying parasites,phagocytosing Ag-bound complexes,and com

5、bating histamine levels during allergic reaction.嗜碱性粒细胞嗜碱性粒细胞(Basophil)在普通光学显微镜下观察Giemsa染色的血涂片，嗜碱性粒细胞胞浆中布满深蓝色细胞颗粒。透射电镜下胞浆颗粒中充满致密物质。静息肥大细胞激活后 5 分钟激活后 60 分钟肥大细胞(mast cell)组织中的肥大细胞含有大量致密细胞颗粒（左）。Crohn氏病患者肠粘膜组织的肥大细胞自发释放颗粒的内容物，留下许多细胞颗粒空穴（右）。Basophils represent 1%of peripheral blood white cells.Their granu

6、les contain histamine,heparin,and chemotactic factors for neutrophils and eosinophils.They are similar to mast cells in that they participate in IgE-mediated hypersensitive responses.2-3Dendritic cells(树突细胞树突细胞)Dendritic cells are bone marrow-derived cells specialized to present antigen to B or T ce

7、lls in order to initiate a primary immune response.1 郎格汉斯细胞(Langerhans cells)上皮组织中的LC（1，普通光镜）捕捉外来抗原后即进入引流淋巴结的T细胞区，成为IDC（2，扫描电镜照片）。2 并指状树突细胞（interdigitating DC）IDC表达高水平的II类MHC分子和共刺激分子B7，具有激活T细胞的能力。B cellsFDC3 滤泡树突细胞（folicular DC,FDC）淋巴滤泡内的FDC通过Fc受体和补体受体捕获被致敏的抗原，并将其递呈给B细胞2-4单核巨噬细胞单核巨噬细胞（monocytes and

8、macrophages）单 核 巨 噬 细 胞单核细胞体积较大，蹄状核（左，普通光镜）。透射电镜显示其高尔基体发达、粒体丰富、胞浆颗粒明显（中）。扫描电镜显示腹腔巨噬细胞粘附于玻璃表面（右）。Monocytes have numerous lysosomes in their cytoplasm and can readily leave the circulation to give rise to macrophages within almost every organ.They are even more phogocytic than neutrophils in that they

9、 can degrade larger bacteria within lysosome.2-4 Lymphocytes（淋巴细胞）（淋巴细胞）Lymphocytes are a class of white blood cells that bear variable cell surface receptors for antigens.There are two main classes of lymphocytes-B and T cells-which mediate humoral and cellular immunity respectively.淋巴细胞(lymphocyte

10、s)未活化淋巴细胞直径67微米，浆/核比例很小（左，普通光镜）。投射电镜显示未活化淋巴细胞胞核致密，胞浆中细胞器很少（右）。Resting lymphocytes have little cytoplasm and condensed nuclear chromatin.Upon activation,the cell enlarges to form a lymphoblast and then proliferates and differentiates into an antigen-specific effector cell.NKT T 淋巴细胞淋巴细胞MHC/抗原肽补体运铁蛋白T

11、CR CD35CD28B7-2CD4CD8 MHC-II/I IL-2CD71 CD58（LAF-3）CD2orFcmR FcgR抗体T 细 胞 表 面 受 体组织胺T cells are a subset of lymphocytes defined by their development in the thymus and by heterodimeric receptor associated with the proteins of CD3 complex.Most T cells have ab-TCR,small percentage have gd-TCR.B B 淋巴细胞淋巴

12、细胞抗原 补体 (C3bi)CD23CD28 B7-2 CD40 IL-5 FcmRB 细 胞 表 面 受 体 IL-2 IgM IgE CD21 IL-4CD32 IgG 补体 (C3b,C4b)CD40-LB cell is one of the two major types of lymphocytes.The antigen receptor on of B cells is a cell-surface Ig.On activation by Ag,B cells differentiate into plasma cells producing Ab molecules of t

13、he same Ag specificity as the receptor.Natural Killer cells(NK Natural Killer cells(NK 细胞细胞)NK cells are large granular non-T non-B lymphocytes.NK cells are important in innate immunity to viruses and other intracellular pathogens,as well as in antibody-dependent cell mediated cytotoxicity.They also kill certain tumor cells.