主谓一致非常适合上课用.ppt

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1、主谓一致非常适合上课用 Still waters run deep.流静水深流静水深,人静心深人静心深 Where there is life,there is hope。有生命必有希望。有生命必有希望35.All the scientific evidence that increasing use of chemicals in farming damaging our health.(2012湖南卷）湖南卷）A.show;are B.shows;are C.show;is D.shows;is【解析】句意：所有的科学证据表明：农业方面越来越多【解析】句意：所有的科学证据表明：农业方面越来

2、越多的使用化学物质正在损害着我们的健康。主语是的使用化学物质正在损害着我们的健康。主语是evidence“证据（不可数名词）证据（不可数名词）”，所以谓语动词应用单数式，所以谓语动词应用单数式shows，宾语从句的主语是宾语从句的主语是use“使用（不可数名词）使用（不可数名词）”，所以要用，所以要用is。【答案】【答案】D主谓一致主谓一致AGREEMENTUseful structures语法详解：语法详解：所谓主谓一致是指所谓主谓一致是指主语主语和和谓语动词谓语动词之之间间,即主语的人称和单复数形式决定着谓即主语的人称和单复数形式决定着谓语动词对应的形式。语动词对应的形式。The boy

3、_ diving.They _ diving.Both Jack and Tim _ diving.All of them _ diving.Neither Jack nor Tim _ walking.isareareisareFinish the following exercises:Bob Bob _ a worker.isMike Mike and Bob _ workers.areBoth Mike and Bob _workers.areNeither Mike nor Bob _a teacher.isBill Neither of them _(know)how to tea

4、ch English.knows/knowAll of them _ workers.None of them _(know)how to teach English.are knows/know主谓一致主要有以下几种情况：主谓一致主要有以下几种情况：1.and连接两个或两个以上单数名词或者代词连接两个或两个以上单数名词或者代词作主语的时候作主语的时候,谓语动词有以下谓语动词有以下两种两种情况：情况：(1)He and she _both students of this school.他和她都是这个学校的学生。他和她都是这个学校的学生。如果指两个或两个以上如果指两个或两个以上不同的不同的人或

5、事物的时人或事物的时候候,谓语动词用复数。谓语动词用复数。一、语法一致原则一、语法一致原则are(2)但如果连接两个以上的名词指的是但如果连接两个以上的名词指的是同同一个人或物一个人或物,或者指或者指同一概念同一概念的时候的时候,谓语要用谓语要用单数单数。The singer and dancer_ going to give us a performance.那个歌唱家兼舞蹈演员要给我们表演。那个歌唱家兼舞蹈演员要给我们表演。The knife and fork _on the table.刀叉在桌子上。刀叉在桌子上。isis2.如果主语是不定式如果主语是不定式,动词动词ing形式或主语从句

6、形式或主语从句的时候的时候,谓语动词一般用单数。谓语动词一般用单数。When he is coming _ very important.他什么时候要来看起来很重要。他什么时候要来看起来很重要。Collecting stamps _ his hobby.收集邮票是他的爱好。收集邮票是他的爱好。To love her _ not to break her wings.爱她就不该折断她自由飞翔的翅膀。爱她就不该折断她自由飞翔的翅膀。seemsisis3.定语从句的关系代词定语从句的关系代词who,which,that在从句中作主语时，要与先行词的人在从句中作主语时，要与先行词的人称和数保持一致。称

7、和数保持一致。Those who_ singing may join us.Tom,who _ your friend,should help you.enjoyis4.with,along with,together with,as well as,besides,like,without,except,but,including 如果句子中有这些连接词和主如果句子中有这些连接词和主语连用语连用,谓语动词的数谓语动词的数随主语的变化而变随主语的变化而变化化。例如：。例如：The teacher,together with his students,_ planting trees in th

8、e street.老师和他的学生们正在街道上植树。老师和他的学生们正在街道上植树。isMr.Black,as well as two women,_ at the office.isMr.Black with,together with,along with1.either.or;neither.nor;not only.but also,whether.or在句子中连接主在句子中连接主语的时候或者在语的时候或者在there be句型中句型中,谓语谓语动词要和就近的主语保持一致。动词要和就近的主语保持一致。二、就近原二、就近原则则Neither you nor I _ wrong.There

9、_ a cup of tea and some apples on the table.amisNot only the students but also the teacher _ for a holiday.wishes三、概念一致原三、概念一致原则则 所谓概念一致原则是指谓语动词和主所谓概念一致原则是指谓语动词和主语一致不是取决于主语的语法形式语一致不是取决于主语的语法形式,而而是其是其实际意义实际意义。有的主语名词在形式上有的主语名词在形式上是单数是单数,但在意义上却是复数；有的主但在意义上却是复数；有的主语名词在形式上是复数语名词在形式上是复数,但在意义上却但在意义上却是单数是单数

10、。1.不定代词不定代词all,more,some,any,none作主语作主语,谓语动词视情况而定。谓语动词视情况而定。All of the apples _rotten.所有的苹果都烂了。所有的苹果都烂了。All of the apple _rotten.整个苹果都烂了。整个苹果都烂了。are isNone of the money_ left.没有剩下一点钱。没有剩下一点钱。None of the students _ there.没有学生在那里。没有学生在那里。is isNone None 和和 neither neither 有时当作单数看待，有时有时当作单数看待，有时当作复数看待，主

11、要根据说话人的意思决定。当作复数看待，主要根据说话人的意思决定。做主语时，谓动可用单数，也可用复数。但做主语时，谓动可用单数，也可用复数。但在代表不可数名词时常看作单数，因而谓动在代表不可数名词时常看作单数，因而谓动须用单数。须用单数。Neither of them _(know)how to teach English.None of them _(know)how to teach English.knows/know knows/know2.the rest of;half of;part of;majority of;percent of;one third of在句子中加名词作主语的

12、时候在句子中加名词作主语的时候,谓语谓语动词与动词与of后面的名词后面的名词保持一致。保持一致。Half of the students _finished theircomposition.一半的学生已经完成了他们的作文。一半的学生已经完成了他们的作文。Half of the apple _bad.一半的苹果坏了。一半的苹果坏了。About 60 percent of the students in ourschool _boys.我们学校我们学校,大约百分之六十的学生是男生大约百分之六十的学生是男生.haveisare3.集合名词作主语集合名词作主语,动词可用单数动词可用单数,也可也可以用

13、复数。主要由句子的意思决定。以用复数。主要由句子的意思决定。强调强调整体整体谓语动词用单数；指谓语动词用单数；指全体人全体人员员时时,动词则用复数。这一类常见的集动词则用复数。这一类常见的集合名词有合名词有public,family,class,crowd,population,team,group。His family _going out.他们全家要外出。他们全家要外出。His family _all music lovers.他们全家人都是音乐爱好者。他们全家人都是音乐爱好者。is are 4.某些名词如某些名词如people,police,cattle等等,形式上形式上是单数是单数,但

14、意义上是复数但意义上是复数,谓语动词应用复谓语动词应用复数数。people指指“民族民族”时是例外。时是例外。The police _ searching for a thief.The cattle _ eating grass on the hill.areare5.复合不定代词作主语复合不定代词作主语,谓语动词要用谓语动词要用单数单数，如，如someone,somebody,something,anybody,anyone,anything,everybody,everyone,everything,nobody,no one,nothing。Someone_ asking for yo

15、u.有人找你。有人找你。Nothing _ found in the room.在屋子里什么也没找到。在屋子里什么也没找到。isis6.某些名词如某些名词如clothes,trousers,shoes,glasses等等,通常只用其复数形式通常只用其复数形式,但但当它们被当它们被a pair of 修饰时修饰时,谓语动词谓语动词用单数。如用单数。如:The shoes _ worn out.鞋子破了。鞋子破了。The pair of shoes _ worn out.这双鞋破了。这双鞋破了。areis名词如名词如trousers,pants,shorts,trousers,pants,shor

16、ts,glasses,scissorsglasses,scissors以及以及clothes,goodsclothes,goods等等做主语，谓动要用复数；但当这类词前有做主语，谓动要用复数；但当这类词前有a/the pair ofa/the pair of修饰时，谓动用单数修饰时，谓动用单数。7.某些名词以某些名词以s结尾如结尾如maths,politics,physics,news,plastics 等，谓语动词等，谓语动词应用单数。应用单数。8.物理是一门很有趣的学科。物理是一门很有趣的学科。Physics is a very interesting subject.8.every.an

17、d every.;each.and each.;no.and no.在以上短语中在以上短语中and连连接的单数名词接的单数名词,整个短语在句中作主整个短语在句中作主语时语时,谓语动词常使用单数。谓语动词常使用单数。Each man and each woman_ asked to attend.is班级中的每个男孩女孩都很用功。班级中的每个男孩女孩都很用功。听不到任何声音。听不到任何声音。Every boy and every girl in the class is diligent.No sound and no voice is heard.9.以以a number of 作主语时作主语

18、时,谓语动词用谓语动词用复数复数;以以the number of 作主语时作主语时,谓谓语动词用单数。语动词用单数。A number of new books_ on the desk.The number of students in you class _ 50.areis10.有些名词的单数和复数形式一样有些名词的单数和复数形式一样,作主作主语的时候语的时候,其谓语动词由上下文决定其谓语动词由上下文决定,这一类名词有这一类名词有:means,works,deer,fish,sheep,Chinese,Japanese等。等。Not every means _ useful.不是每种方法都

19、好使。不是每种方法都好使。Not all means _ useful.不是所有的方法都好使。不是所有的方法都好使。isare11.many a,more than one,one and a half与单数名词组成的短语与单数名词组成的短语,谓语用单数。谓语用单数。Many a boy _ seen it.许多孩子都看到了。许多孩子都看到了。12.书刊名、时间、距离、价格、度量衡书刊名、时间、距离、价格、度量衡等的复数名词作主语时等的复数名词作主语时,谓语动词常用谓语动词常用单数。单数。Thirty years _ not a long time.Roots is a famous Amer

20、ican novel.hasis1.this kind of book=a book of this kind(这种书这种书),其谓语用单数其谓语用单数;短语短语this kind of men=men of this kind=these kind of men(口语口语)(这一类人这一类人),但但this kind of men 的谓语用单数的谓语用单数,men of this kind 和和these kind of men 的谓语的谓语用复数用复数,all kinds of 后跟复数名词后跟复数名词,谓谓语用复数形式。例如：语用复数形式。例如：应该注意的几个问题应该注意的几个问题:Th

21、is kind of men _ dangerous.Men of this kind _dangerous.2.在主谓倒装的句子中在主谓倒装的句子中,谓语动词的数应谓语动词的数应与其后的主语一致。例如与其后的主语一致。例如:Between the two windows _ a picture.isarehangs3.“分数或百分数分数或百分数+名词名词”构成的短语以构成的短语以及由及由“a lot of,lots of,plenty of,a large quantity of,a heap of,heaps of,half of+名词名词”构成的短语作主语时构成的短语作主语时,其谓语动词

22、要与短语中其谓语动词要与短语中of 后面的名词后面的名词的数保持一致的数保持一致,这是因为短语中后面的这是因为短语中后面的名词是中心词名词是中心词,而短语中前面的量词是而短语中前面的量词是修饰语。例如修饰语。例如:Lots of damage_ caused by fire.About threefourths of the earths surface _ covered with water.Threefifths of the workers here _women.和这种情况类似的还有和这种情况类似的还有“a number of+名词复数名词复数”。但是但是,“the number o

23、f+名词名词”的中心词却是的中心词却是number。试。试比较：比较：wasisareA number of students _ gone to the countryside to help with the autumn harvest.The number of pages in this book _ two hundred.haveis注意注意:a(large)quantity of 修饰可数或不可修饰可数或不可数名词数名词,其短语作主语时其短语作主语时,谓语动词用谓语动词用单数。单数。A large quantity of people _ needed here.isquant

24、ities of 修饰可数或不可数名词修饰可数或不可数名词,其短其短语作主语时语作主语时,谓语动词一般用复数。例如谓语动词一般用复数。例如:Quantities of food(nuts)_ on the table.短语短语in quantity,in large quantities 意为意为“大量大量”;in small quantities 意为意为“少量少量”。were4.a great deal of,a large amount of,修饰修饰不可数名词不可数名词,其短语作主语时其短语作主语时,谓语动谓语动词通常用词通常用单数单数;large amounts of 修饰修饰不可数

25、名词不可数名词,其短语作主语时其短语作主语时,谓语动谓语动词通常用词通常用复数复数。例如。例如:A large amount of(A great deal of)damage _ done in a very short time.Large amounts of money _ spent on the bridge.waswere5.表示数量的表示数量的one and a half 后后,名词要名词要用复数形式用复数形式,但是其短语作主语时但是其短语作主语时,谓谓语动词用单数形式。例如：语动词用单数形式。例如：One and a half bananas _ left on the ta

26、ble.is6.如果主语由如果主语由“the+形容词形容词(或过去分词或过去分词)”结构担任时结构担任时,谓语通常用复数谓语通常用复数;这类词有这类词有:the brave,the poor,the rich,the blind,the young,the old,the sick,the dead,the deaf and dub,the oppressed,the injured,the wounded,the unemployed 等等;但也有少数但也有少数的过去分词与定冠词连用时指个别的过去分词与定冠词连用时指个别,则用则用单数。例如：单数。例如：The blind _ in spec

27、ial school.The departed(死者死者)_ a wellknown engineer.这类形容词或分词如果要表示个体时这类形容词或分词如果要表示个体时,就就要与名词要与名词man,person 或表示人的单数连或表示人的单数连用。例如用。例如:an old man,a rich person,the(a)wounded soldier.studywas主谓一致练习1.Now Tom with his classmates _ football on the playground.A.play B.are playingC.plays D.is playing2.Thirty

28、dollars _ too expensive.A.are B.is C.were D.be3.If anybody _,please put down _ name,said the teacher to the monitor.A.wants to buy the book/his B.want to buy the book/theirC.will buy the book/ones D.wants to have the book bought/her4.Nothing but one desk and six chairs _ in the room.A.are B.is staye

29、d C.is D.are left5.Between the two roads _ a TV tower called Skyscraper Tower.A.stands B.standing C.which stands D.stand6.Shall I wait here for three hours?Yes.Three hours _ to wait for such a doctor.A.are not very long for you B.is not long enough for youC.was not long enough for you D.will be too

30、long for you7.Every student and every teacher _.A.are going to attend the meeting B.have attended the meetingC.has attended the meeting D.is attended the meeting8.This pair of shoes _.A.is her B.is hersC.are hers D.are her9.What we need _good textbooks.A.is B.are C.have D.has10._ has been done.A.nin

31、etynine percents of the work B.Half of what he promised C.Twofifths of the articles D.Three quarter of the business Supplementary Exercises Multiple choice:1.On the wall_ two large portraits.A.hangs B.hang C.hanged D.hanging2.“News of victories _ pouring in as our army advances,”the company commande

32、r said.A.keep B.keeps C.kept D.have kept3.There _ a lot of milk in the bottle.A.are B.is C.were D.has4.Zhangs family _ rather big,with twelve people in all.A.is B.are C.being D.was5.Nobody but Jane _ the secret.A.know B.knows C.have known D.is known6.All but one _ here just now.A.is B.was C.has been

33、 D.were7.A library with five thousand books _ to the nation as a gift.A.is offered B.has offered C.are offered D.have offered 8.Not only I but also Jane and Mary _ tired of having one exam after another.A.is B.are C.am D.be 9.The number of people invited _ fifty,but a number of them _ absent for dif

34、ferent reasons.A.were;was B.was;was C.was;were D.were;were 10.When and where to build the new factory _ yet.A.is not decided B.are not decided C.has not decided D.have not decided 高考链接高考链接1.As a result of destroying the forests,a large _ of desert _ covered the land.(上海上海2001）A.number;has B.quantity

35、;has C.number;have D.quantity;haveB精析精析：a large number of 后面要接复数后面要接复数名词，所以名词，所以A不能作为答案。因不能作为答案。因为为desert是单数，所以要填是单数，所以要填 has。这句话的意思是这句话的意思是“毁坏森林的毁坏森林的结果是，大片沙漠覆盖了陆地结果是，大片沙漠覆盖了陆地”答案答案 B2._ of the land in that district _ covered with trees and grass.(上海上海2000)A.Two fifth,is B.Two fifth,are C.Two fifth

36、s,is D.Two fifths,areC精析精析:分数的分子用基数词分数的分子用基数词,分母用序数分母用序数词表示词表示.如果分子大于如果分子大于1,分母序数分母序数词后加词后加s.分数和百分比作主语时分数和百分比作主语时,谓语动词的形式取决于分数和百分谓语动词的形式取决于分数和百分数后面的名词数后面的名词.句子中的主语句子中的主语 land是单数是单数,所以谓语动词要用所以谓语动词要用is covered.答案答案C.3 Each of the students,working hard at his or her lessons,_ to go to university.So do

37、I.（全国（全国1998）A.hopes B.hope C.hoping D.do hopeA精析：精析：这句话的主语是这句话的主语是 Each of the students，是单数，所以要，是单数，所以要 hopes 选作谓语。现在分词短语选作谓语。现在分词短语working hard at his or her lessons 作状语，作状语，表示伴随的情况。有的考生盲目地表示伴随的情况。有的考生盲目地把把 lessons 当成了主语，填写了当成了主语，填写了hope，发生了错误。本题的译文：，发生了错误。本题的译文：每一个努力学习的学生都想上大学。每一个努力学习的学生都想上大学。我也是

38、。答案我也是。答案 A。4._ people in the world are sending information by email every day.（上海（上海2001）A.Several million B.Many millions C.Several millions D.Many millionA精析精析:在在million前如果有具体的数字或前如果有具体的数字或 several等词时，要用单数形式。等词时，要用单数形式。many一般不与一般不与 million等词连用等词连用.表示表示“数百万数百万”，英语为，英语为 millions of。这句话的意思是。这句话的意思是“

39、每天，世每天，世界上有几十万人通过界上有几十万人通过 email传递传递信息。信息。”答案答案 A。5.The number of people invited _ fifty,but a number of them _ absent for different reasons.(NMET96)A.were;was B.was;was C.was;were D.were;wereC6.The number of students in this school _ by 5%every year.(MET92)A.rise B.raise C.rises D.raises the number

40、 of+复数可数名词复数可数名词作主语，作主语，表示表示的数目的数目(数量数量)，谓语动词用，谓语动词用单数；单数；a number of+复数可数名词复数可数名词作作主语，表示主语，表示许多许多，谓语动词用，谓语动词用复数。复数。C7.A good deal of money _ spent on books.(MET84)A.have B.has C.have been D.has beenD9.A library with five thousand books _ to the nation as a gift.(MET90)A.is offered B.has offered C.a

41、re offered D.have offeredA10.Email,as well as telephone,_ an important part in daily communication.(上海上海99)A.is playing B.have played C.are playing D.playA11.Nobody but Jane _ the secret.(MET86)A.know B.knows C.have known D.is known12.All but one _ here just now.(MET87)A.is B.was C.has been D.wereDB

42、13.Either you or the headmaster _ the prize to these gifted students at the meeting.(上海上海94)A.is handing out B.are to hand out C.are handing out D.is to hand outD14.Not only I but also Jane and Mary _ tired of having one examination after another.(MET87)A.is B.are C.am D.beB15.She is one of the few

43、girls who _ in the kindergarten.(上海上海94)A.is well paid B.are well paid C.is paying well D.are paying wellB16.He is the only one of the students who _ a winner of scholarship for three years.(上海上海2002春春)A.is B.are C.have been D.has beenD17._ of the land in that district _ covered with trees and grass

44、.(上海上海2000)A.Two fifth;is B.Two fifth;are C.Two fifths;is D.Two fifths;areC分数或百分数分数或百分数+of+名词名词作主语时作主语时,谓语动词的数与名词的数一致。谓语动词的数与名词的数一致。18.When and where to build the new factory _ yet.(MET91)A.is not decided B.are not decided C.has not decided D.have not decidedA动名词、不定式或从句作主语时，动名词、不定式或从句作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。

45、谓语动词用单数形式。倒装句及倒装句及there be句型中，谓语动词句型中，谓语动词往往与最邻近的一个主语保持一致。往往与最邻近的一个主语保持一致。19.There _ no life on the moon.(MET92)A.is said to have B.are said to have C.is said to be D.are said to beC20.Each of the students,working hard at his or her lessons，_ to go to university.(上海上海98)A.hope B.hopes C.hoping D.hop

46、edBeither/neither/each+of+复数名复数名词词作主语，谓语动词用单数。作主语，谓语动词用单数。21.A group of _ are eating _ and _ at the foot of the hill.(NMET95)A.sheep;grass;leaves B.sheeps;grasses;leaves C.sheep;grass;leaf D.sheeps;grass;leafsA22.Every possible means _ to prevent air pollution,but the sky is still not clear.(上海上海200

47、0春春)A.is used B.are used C.has been used D.have been usedC单复数同形的名词作主语时，依照意义单复数同形的名词作主语时，依照意义一致的原则，表示单数意义时，谓语用一致的原则，表示单数意义时，谓语用单数；反之，谓语用复数形式。这类名单数；反之，谓语用复数形式。这类名词有：词有：sheep,deer,means(方法、手段方法、手段),works(工厂工厂),species(种类种类)过关落实过关落实1.A survey of the opinions of experts _ that three hours of outdoor exer

48、cise a week _ good for ones health.A.show；are B.shows；is C.show；is D.shows；are 解析：解析：“a survey”“a survey”作主语，谓语动词用单数；表时间，距离，作主语，谓语动词用单数；表时间，距离，金钱的可数名词复数作主语，谓语动词也用单数。金钱的可数名词复数作主语，谓语动词也用单数。答案：答案：B2.We live day by day，but in the great things，the time of days and weeks _ so small that a day is unimporta

49、nt.A.is B.are C.has been D.have been 解析：解析：主语是主语是“the time”“the time”，故谓语动词用单数。，故谓语动词用单数。答案：答案：A 3.The company had about 20 notebook computers but only onethird _ used regularly.Now we have 60 working all day long.A.is B.are C.was D.were 解析：解析：此处此处onethird onethird 指指one third of 20 notebook one thi

50、rd of 20 notebook computers computers，故为复数；与，故为复数；与nownow相对，用过去时。相对，用过去时。答案：答案：D4.Most of what has been said about the Smiths _ also true of the Johnsons.A.are B.is C.being D.to be 解析：解析：主语为主语为“大部分对大部分对Smith Smith 夫妇的说法夫妇的说法”，看成单数，谓语，看成单数，谓语 动词用动词用isis。答案：答案：B 5.A poet and artist _ coming to speak t