四级考试语法复习重点(1) 非谓语动词考查特点.ppt

《四级考试语法复习重点(1) 非谓语动词考查特点.ppt》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《四级考试语法复习重点(1) 非谓语动词考查特点.ppt（16页珍藏版）》请在淘文阁 - 分享文档赚钱的网站上搜索。

1、四级考试语法复习重点(1)非谓语动词考查特点 Still waters run deep.流静水深流静水深,人静心深人静心深 Where there is life,there is hope。有生命必有希望。有生命必有希望1）谓语动词与非谓语动词的判断）谓语动词与非谓语动词的判断 l近几年的语法测试中非谓语动词约占31.1%，平均每年近5道题，可谓是语法项目考查的重点，那么非谓语动词的考查都有哪些特点，解答时又应注意些什么呢？l对谓语动词与非谓语动词区别的考查主要集中在独立主格结构，如：All things _ because of the snowstorm,many passengers

2、 could do nothing but take the train.A.had been canceled B.have been canceled C.were canceled D.having been canceled 四个选项中有三个是谓语动词，只有D是非谓语动词，只要同学们能判断出这里是非谓语动词做状语，则不用考虑时态的问题，答案自明。2)谓语动词后不定式与动名词的选择谓语动词后不定式与动名词的选择 l谓语动词后接不定式还是接动名词也是四级语法测试中的一个题眼。如：I dont mind _ the decision as long as it is not too late

3、.A.you to delay making B.your delaying making C.your delaying to make D.you delay to make Had I remembered _ the windows,the thief would not have got in.A.to close B.closing C.to have closed D.having closed Your hair wants _.Youd better have it done tomorrow.A.cut B.to cut C.cutting D.being cut这类题涉及

4、三个方面：谓语动词后应该接不定式还是动名词？即可接不定式又可接动名词时，结构和意思上有何差别？不定式与动名词用主动形式还是用被动形式？3)做定语的非谓语动词的选择做定语的非谓语动词的选择 l从近几年的考查情况来看，对做定语的非谓语动词的考查有两种情况：(1)对一般概念的考查，而不是固定结构中的非谓语动词做定语。如：The project _ by the end of 2010,will expand the citys telephone network to cover 1,000,000 users.lA.accomplished B.being accomplished C.to be

5、 accomplished D.having been accomplished If I correct someone,I will do it with so much good humor and self-restraint as if I were the one _.A.to correct B.correcting C.having been corrected D.being corrected l同学们只要掌握非谓语动词做定语的一般的规律,就可以判断题答案为C，题答案为D。l(2)对固定结构的考查，如：The professor could hardly find suff

6、icient grounds _ his arguments in favor of the new theory.A.to be based on B.to base on C.which to base on D.on which to base The pressure _ causes Americans to be energetic,but it also puts them under a constant emotional strain.A.to compete B.competing C.to be competed D.having competed l题为不定式做定语的

7、固定形式，答案为D，题为某些特定名词的定语结构，答案为A。4)做状语的非谓语动词的选择做状语的非谓语动词的选择 l做状语的非谓语动词主要考查其各种形式的选择，如：_ the earth to be flat,many feared that Columbus would fall off the edge of the earth.A.Having believed B.Believing C.Believed D.Being Believed _ a teacher in a university,it is necessary to have at least a masters degr

8、ee.A.To become B.Become C.One becomes D.On becoming Realizing that he hadnt enough money and _ to borrow from his father,he decided to sell his watch.A.not wanted B.no to want C.not wanting D.wanting not _ it or not,his discovery has created a stir in scientific circles.A.Believe B.To believe C.Beli

9、eving D.Believed Answers:B,A,C,Al从以上各题来看，考查的侧重点有：(1)状语类别的判断：不同的状语对非谓语动词的要求不同，目的状语要求用不定式，如。(2)非谓语动词与句子属于之间的逻辑关系 根据主谓关系或动宾关系的不同来确定用现在分词还是用过去分词。(3)非谓语动词的否定形式 not否定非谓语动词时置于非谓语动词之前，如。(4)独立成分 有些非谓语动词的使用不受与句子主语关系的限制，称为独立成分，这类成 分只记忆即可。如:generally speaking,judging from.,to tell the truth.,given his age 等。5)做

10、补足语的非谓语动词的选择做补足语的非谓语动词的选择 l做宾语补足语的非谓语动词受谓语动词的限制，不同动词后的宾语补足语形式要求不同。近几年对各类宾补都有考查。如：l They are going to have the service man _ an electric fan in the office tomorrow.A.install B.to install C.to be installed D.installed l After a few rounds of talks,both sides regarded the territory dispute _.A.being se

11、ttled B.to be settled C.had settled D.as settledl You will see this product _ wherever you go.A.to be advertised B.advertised C.advertise D.advertising lAnswers:A,D,Bl His remarks left me _ about his real purpose.A.wondered B.wonder C.to wonder D.wonderingl When I caught him _ me I stopped buying th

12、ings there and started dealing with another shop.A.cheating B.cheat C.to cheat D.to be cheatingl The sale usually takes place outside the house,with the audience _ on benches,chairs or boxes.A.having seated B.seating C.seated D.having been seatedlAnswers:D A C6)做表语的非谓语动词的选择做表语的非谓语动词的选择 l表语的考查多侧重于分词做

13、表语形式的选择，很少有动名词的用法的考查，虽然选项中有不定式作为干扰项，只要能看出是做表语的也就不用考虑。如：l The house was very quiet,_ as it was on the side of the mountain.A.isolated B.isolating lC.being isolated D.having been isolated l These surveys indicate that many crimes go _ by the police,mainly because not all victims report them.A.unrecord

14、ed B.to be unrecorded C.unrecording D.to have been unrecordedl 分词做表语可以做系动词be的表语，也可以做其它系动词的表语，如go,feel,seem,look,remain等等。这些系动词后非谓语动词的用法规则是相同的。答案：A,A7)to作为介词与作为不定式符号的选作为介词与作为不定式符号的选择择lto可以是介词，也可以用来引导不定式，四级考试中对种类用法的考查也比较多。如：l I have no objection _ your story again.A.to hear B.to hearing C.to having he

15、ard D.to have heardl The traditional approach _ with complex problems is to break down into smaller,more easily managed problems.A.to dealing B.in dealing C.dealing D.to deall The man in the corner confessed to _ a lie to the manager of the company.A.have told B.be told C.being told D.having told l这

16、类考题的考查方式有两种，一是四个选项中有两个相对的选项to do something 和 to doing something，这时考查的自然是to的性质；另一种是to在题干中，如。lAnswers:B,A,D 8)分词前连词的使用分词前连词的使用 l分词前连词的使用是为了使分词的作用更加明了，使考生更加准确地理解试题。考查有两种情况l(1)根据连词选择适当的分词形式 Michael used to look hurt and surprised when _.A.scolding B.to scold C.having scolded D.scolded when的使用说明非谓语动词做时间状

17、语，答案不可能是B，从scold与句子主语间的逻辑关系来看，应该是动宾关系，答案应该是D。l(2)根据状语的功能选择不同的连词 Careful surveys have indicated that as many as 50 percent of patient do not take drugs _ directed.A.like B.so C.which D.as 由上下文的意思可以看出，分词所做的是方式状语，连词应该是as。9)非谓语动词的体非谓语动词的体 l非谓语动词中分词的体有完成体和进行体，即having done,having been done和being done，完成体只

18、用于做状语的场合，而进行体可以用于做定语和做补足语。动名词的体也有having done,having been done和 being done的结构主要用于做主语和宾语的场合。不定式的体有to be doing 和to have done，主要用于pretend,happen,seem,appear,be said to等结构中。如：l The man in the corner confessed to _ a lie to the manager of the company.A.have told B.be told C.being told D.having told l Id r

19、ather read than watch television;the programs seem _ all the time.lA.to get worse B.to be getting worse C.to have got worse D.getting worsel从all the time的使用可以推断get worse是一个渐变过程，所以用不定式的进行体。l The speech _，a lively discussion started.lA.being delivered B.was delivered C.be delivered D.having been deliv

20、ered l该结构属于独立主格结构做时间状语，状语分词所表示的动作发生在谓语动词之前，所以应该用完成体，答案为D。10）动名词复合结构）动名词复合结构 l动名词符合结构可以做主语、宾语和表语，在对动名词的考查中总是将其逻辑主语包括进来，形成动名词的复合结构：_ in an atmosphere of simple living was what her parents wished for.A.The girl was educated B.The girl educated C.The girls being educated D.The girl to be educatedl 本题涉及题

21、眼比较多，A，为从句做主语，但缺少that，D为不定式做主语，但缺少for(for the girl to be educated)，B结构不能做主语，答案是C，为动名词的复合结构。l Ann never dreams of _ for her to be sent abroad very soon.A.there being a chance B.there to be a chance C.there be a chance D.being a chancel 介词后用动名词，表示存在时必须用there be句型，所以答案为A，这也是动名词复合结构，there为动名词的逻辑主语。l I dont mind _ the decision as long as it is not too late.A.you to delay making B.your delaying making C.you delaying to make D.you delay to make lMind要求接动名词,动名词的逻辑主语用形容词性物主代词，答案自然是B。l I would appreciate _ it a secret.l A.your keeping B.you to keep C.that you keep D.that you will keepl 本题与上一题类似，答案是A。