完整英语时态和语态.ppt

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1、完整英语时态和语态 Still waters run deep.流静水深流静水深,人静心深人静心深 Where there is life,there is hope。有生命必有希望。有生命必有希望最常用的几种时态与时间状语的搭配最常用的几种时态与时间状语的搭配一般现在一般现在every,sometimes,at,on Sunday 现在进行现在进行now,现在完成现在完成for,since,so far,ever,never,just,yet,till/until,up to now,in the past years,always,recently 一般过去一般过去yesterday,la

2、st week,an hour ago,the other day,in 1982,just now 过去进行过去进行this morning,the whole morning,all day,yesterday,from nine to ten last evening when,while 过去完成过去完成before,by,until,when,after,once,as soon as 一般将来一般将来next,tomorrow,in 过去将来过去将来多用在间接引语中表示发生在谓语动作以后多用在间接引语中表示发生在谓语动作以后的动作的动作（1）一般现在时）一般现在时1.客观真理，客观

3、存在，科学事实或表示格言或警客观真理，客观存在，科学事实或表示格言或警句（不受时态限制）句（不受时态限制）Knowledgebeginswithpractice.Shesaidthattheseawaterissalty.Insomepartsoftheworld,suchasinEngland,tea_withmilkandsugar.A.isservingB.servesC.isservedD.servedThegirl_weightrecently.Yes,she_toomuch.hasgained,iseatingB.gains,eatsC.isgaining,ateD.isgaini

4、ng,eats2)表示现状、性质、状态时多用系动词或状态动词；表表示现状、性质、状态时多用系动词或状态动词；表示经常或习惯性反复出现的动作，多用动作动词，且示经常或习惯性反复出现的动作，多用动作动词，且常与表频率的时间状语连用常与表频率的时间状语连用,如如always,often,now and then等。等。Ice feels cold.We always care for each other and help each other.3)表示知觉、态度、感情、某种抽象的关系或概念的词表示知觉、态度、感情、某种抽象的关系或概念的词常用一般现在时：常用一般现在时：see、hear、smell

5、、taste、feel、notice、agree、believe、like、hate、want、think、belong、seem等。如：等。如：I know what you mean.Smith owns a car and a house.All the students here belong to No.1 Middle School.4)少数用于表示起止的动词如少数用于表示起止的动词如come、go、leave、arrive、fly、return、start、begin、pen、close、end、stop等常用一般现在时代替将来时，表示一个等常用一般现在时代替将来时，表示一个按规

6、定、计划或安排要发生的动作。往往是由自然按规定、计划或安排要发生的动作。往往是由自然,日历或时刻表规定而不变且周而复始循环进行的情况日历或时刻表规定而不变且周而复始循环进行的情况,句中常带有时间状语句中常带有时间状语.The shop closes at 11:00 p.m.every day.Tomorrow is Wednesday.The train leaves at three this afternoon.The plane takes off at 15:00.School begins on Friday.5)在时间、条件、方式、让步状语从句中常用一般在时间、条件、方式、让步状

7、语从句中常用一般现在时代替将来时现在时代替将来时,如如when,before,until,If,assoonas等。等。Ifyouwillacceptmyinvitationandcometoourparty,myfamilywillbepleased.Puttheseglassesawaybeforethey_.OK.Illputtheminthecupboard.A.havebrokenB.arebreakingC.getbrokenD.willbebroken6)倒装句（由倒装句（由here，there开头的句子，动词用一开头的句子，动词用一般现在时表示现在正在发生的动作）般现在时表示现

8、在正在发生的动作）Herecomesthebus.=Thebusiscoming.Theregoesthebell.=Thebellisringing.一般过去时一般过去时:1)基本用法：表示过去的事情、动作或状态基本用法：表示过去的事情、动作或状态常与表示过去具体的时间状语连用（或有上下文语境暗常与表示过去具体的时间状语连用（或有上下文语境暗示）；用于表达过去的习惯示）；用于表达过去的习惯。1.-Look!Someone has spilt（溢出）（溢出）coffee on the carpet.（地毯）（地毯）-Well,it _ me.A.isnt B.wasnt C.hasnt bee

9、n D.hadnt been2.-Ive bought a box of chocolates for our daughter.-Oh,how good a dad!But she doesnt like sweet things._ that?A.Dont you know B.Havent you known C.Didnt you know D.Hadnt you known3.-Was Mary in the office when you arrived there?-Yes,but she _soon afterwards.A.had left B.left C.would le

10、ave D.will leaveHe told me he _an interesting novel He told me he _an interesting novel last nightlast night.如果从句中有一个如果从句中有一个过去的时间状语过去的时间状语，尽管从句中的动作，尽管从句中的动作先于主句发生，但从句中的谓语动词用过去式。先于主句发生，但从句中的谓语动词用过去式。一般过去时一般过去时的考点分析（考核重点）。的考点分析（考核重点）。表示过去的事情、动作或状态常与表示过去具体的时间表示过去的事情、动作或状态常与表示过去具体的时间状语连用（状语连用（或有上下文语境暗示

11、或有上下文语境暗示）；用于）；用于表达过去的习惯；表达过去的习惯；表示说话人原来没有料到、想到或希望的事表示说话人原来没有料到、想到或希望的事 I met her in the street yesterday.I met her in the street yesterday.He used to smoke a lot.He used to smoke a lot.I thought the film would be interesting,but it I thought the film would be interesting,but it isnisnt t.readreadye

12、sterday,lastnight,twodaysago,in2008,beforeliberation,atthattime3)追忆逝去的人或事追忆逝去的人或事,常用过去时常用过去时.Lei Feng set a good example to the people throughout the world.Charlie Chaplin was a great actor and acted in many films.4)一般过去时有时也可表示现在的行为一般过去时有时也可表示现在的行为,但口气要但口气要比用一般现在时更加委婉比用一般现在时更加委婉,客气客气.这样的词有这样的词有think

13、,wonder,hope等等.I wondered if you could do me a favour.5)表示两个紧接着发生的动作，常由以下词语连接，表示两个紧接着发生的动作，常由以下词语连接，用一般过去时。如：用一般过去时。如：but,and,when,assoonas,immediately,themoment,theminute。Themomentshecamein,shetoldmewhathadhappenedtoher.Heboughtawatchbutlostit.6)常用一般过去时的句型：常用一般过去时的句型：Whydidntyou/Ithinkofthat?Ididnt

14、noticeit.IforgottotellyouIhadbeentherewithmybrotherbefore.Ididntrecognizehim.3.一般将来时一般将来时1)表示未来的动作或状态常用表示未来的动作或状态常用will/shall+动词（常动词（常与表示将来的时间状语边用如与表示将来的时间状语边用如tomorrow、next week等）。等）。2)表示一种趋向或习惯动作。表示一种趋向或习惯动作。Well die without air or water.3)表示将来时的四种形式表示将来时的四种形式will/shall+动词原形动词原形be going to do be a

15、bout to do(正要干什么正要干什么)be to do be going to be going to 有很强的计划性，打算干什么，而有很强的计划性，打算干什么，而willwill表示谈表示谈话时临时决定的意图，具有临时性和偶然性话时临时决定的意图，具有临时性和偶然性*be going to 表将来，不能用在条件状语从句的主句中；表将来，不能用在条件状语从句的主句中；而而will则能，表意愿。如：则能，表意愿。如：If it is fine,well go fishing.(正确正确)If it is fine,we are going to go fishing.(错误错误)-The

16、telephone is ringing.-The telephone is ringing.-I _ answer it.-I _ answer it.A.will B.am going to C.am to D.am about toA.will B.am going to C.am to D.am about to -Alice,why didn -Alice,why didnt you come yesterday?t you come yesterday?-I _,but I had an unexpected visitor.-I _,but I had an unexpected

17、 visitor.A.had B.would C.was going to D.did A.had B.would C.was going to D.did be going to be going to 可用来表达某种迹象要发生的事。而可用来表达某种迹象要发生的事。而will will 不能表不能表示示 Look at the clouds!ItLook at the clouds!Its going to rain.s going to rain.3.be to3.be to和和be going to be going to 表示约定、计划或职责、义务要求即将发生表示约定、计划或职责、义务

18、要求即将发生的动作的动作还可表示吩咐、命令、禁止，可能性还可表示吩咐、命令、禁止，可能性等等。be to do be to do 安排将要干什么，有很强的计划性，安排将要干什么，有很强的计划性，有时有时=be going to=be going tobe to be to 表示客观安排或受人指示而做某事表示客观安排或受人指示而做某事.be going to be going to 表示主观的打算或计划。表示主观的打算或计划。I am to play football tomorrow afternoon.I am to play football tomorrow afternoon.Im g

19、oing to play football tomorrow afternoon.Im going to play football tomorrow afternoon.4 4be about to do be about to do 表示表示“正要干什么正要干什么”，表示即将发生的动作，表示即将发生的动作，不与表示将来的时间状语连用不与表示将来的时间状语连用。常与常与when when 连用，连用，when when 此时意思：此时意思：就在这时，是并列连就在这时，是并列连词词 构成句型：构成句型：be about to do be about to do whenwhen.I I was

20、 about to was about to leave leave when when it rained.it rained.特别注意特别注意（1 1）一般现在时表示将来，特别用于车、船、飞机一般现在时表示将来，特别用于车、船、飞机等时刻表中安排好的。等时刻表中安排好的。The plane leaves tomorrow.(The plane leaves tomorrow.(尽管有尽管有tomorrow,tomorrow,但没有但没有will will,be going to),be going to)（2 2）某些瞬间动词某些瞬间动词“go,come,arrive,leave,star

21、t,go,come,arrive,leave,start,begin,fly,take begin,fly,take”等用现在进行时表示将要发生的动等用现在进行时表示将要发生的动作。作。I Ive won a holiday for two to Florida.I _my mum.ve won a holiday for two to Florida.I _my mum.A.am taking B.have taken C.take D.will have been A.am taking B.have taken C.take D.will have been 表示在最近按计划或安排要进行

22、的动作表示在最近按计划或安排要进行的动作,仅限于少量动仅限于少量动词：词：return,stay,do,have,see sb off return,stay,do,have,see sb off Are you stayingAre you staying here till next week?here till next week?工作进行的怎么样？工作进行的怎么样？工作进行的相当顺利。工作进行的相当顺利。你进步很快。你进步很快。我们想在这里建一座我们想在这里建一座水坝。水坝。风挺大风挺大有人找你接电话。有人找你接电话。How are you getting on with your H

23、ow are you getting on with your work?work?The work is going fairly smoothly.The work is going fairly smoothly.Youre making rapid progress.Youre making rapid progress.Were thinking of building a dam Were thinking of building a dam here.here.Its blowing hard.Its blowing hard.Someone is asking for you

24、on the Someone is asking for you on the phone.phone.现在进行时现在进行时:1 1表示说话时正在进行而尚未完成的动作或状态。表示说话时正在进行而尚未完成的动作或状态。2 2表示现阶段一直在进行的动作表示现阶段一直在进行的动作,但说话时不一定正在进但说话时不一定正在进表近期特定的安排或计划；表近期特定的安排或计划；go、come等起止动作可用等起止动作可用进行时代替将来时进行时代替将来时I donI dont really work here.It really work here.Im helping until the new m helpi

25、ng until the new secretary comes.secretary comes.Selecting a mobile phone for personal use is no easy task Selecting a mobile phone for personal use is no easy task because technology_ so rapidly.because technology_ so rapidly.A.will have changed B.has changed A.will have changed B.has changed C.is

26、changing D.will change C.is changing D.will change-Ann works very hard.-In fact.I think she -Ann works very hard.-In fact.I think she _ just(_ just(只是只是)now.)now.A.A.studied B.is studying C.studies D.will study studied B.is studying C.studies D.will study My money _.I must go to the bank to My money

27、 _.I must go to the bank to draw some of my savings out of before Idraw some of my savings out of before Ive ve none in hand.none in hand.A.has run out B.is running out A.has run out B.is running out C.has been run outD.is being run out C.has been run outD.is being run out I can guess you were in a

28、hurry.You _ I can guess you were in a hurry.You _ your sweater inside out.your sweater inside out.A.had worn B.wore A.had worn B.wore C.are wearing D.were wearing C.are wearing D.were wearing1.You _things about.Look,what a mess in you 1.You _things about.Look,what a mess in you room!room!A.always th

29、row B.have always thrown A.always throw B.have always thrown C.are always throwing D.have always been thrownC.are always throwing D.have always been thrown2.You _ television.Why not do2.You _ television.Why not dosomething more active?something more active?A.always watch B.are always watching A.alwa

30、ys watch B.are always watching C.have always watched D.have always been C.have always watched D.have always been watchingwatching现在进行时与现在进行时与always,continually,constantly,never always,continually,constantly,never 等连用，表示等连用，表示不满厌恶或赞扬的感情色彩不满厌恶或赞扬的感情色彩。过去进行时过去进行时1 1表示表示 过去某一时间正进行的动作过去某一时间正进行的动作 。通常有时间状

31、语。通常有时间状语（从句），或由上下文表示。（从句），或由上下文表示。1.-Hey,look where you are going?1.-Hey,look where you are going?-Oh,I -Oh,Im terribly sorry._.m terribly sorry._.A.I A.Im not noticing B.I donm not noticing B.I dont noticingt noticing C.I haven C.I havent noticing D.I wasnt noticing D.I wasnt noticingt noticing 2.

32、-Hey,what did I say?2.-Hey,what did I say?-I _.-I _.A.I A.Im not listening B.I was not listening m not listening B.I was not listening C.I don C.I dont listened D.I didnt listened D.I didnt listent listeneg.This time yesterday,they eg.This time yesterday,they were havingwere having lunch lunch2 2 表示

33、表示 过去某一阶段一直在进行的动作，但这个动作可以完，过去某一阶段一直在进行的动作，但这个动作可以完，也可以不一定完成。也可以不一定完成。-Why didn-Why didnt you join us last night?t you join us last night?-I _ the live programs on the war between Iraq and the -I _ the live programs on the war between Iraq and the States.States.A.watched B.was watching C.had watched

34、D.have been A.watched B.was watching C.had watched D.have been watchingwatching-Why weren-Why werent you at the meeting?t you at the meeting?-I _ for a long -I _ for a long distance call from my father in Australia.distance call from my father in Australia.A.waited B.was waiting C.had waited D.have

35、been A.waited B.was waiting C.had waited D.have been Good heavens!There you are!We _ anxious about you.We Good heavens!There you are!We _ anxious about you.We _ you back much earlier all through the night._ you back much earlier all through the night.A.are,expect B.were,had expected A.are,expect B.w

36、ere,had expected C.will be,are expecting D.have been,were expectingC.will be,are expecting D.have been,were expecting-You look tired.-You look tired.-Yes.I _ until twelve o -Yes.I _ until twelve oclock.clock.A.am working B.was working C.has worked D.had workedA.am working B.was working C.has worked

37、D.had worked3 3 在简单句中有在简单句中有at that time,then,this time at that time,then,this time yesterday/last week,at 10 oyesterday/last week,at 10 oclock last clock last nightnight 等具体的时间状语用过去进行时态。等具体的时间状语用过去进行时态。I first met Lisa three years ago.She _ at a I first met Lisa three years ago.She _ at a radio sho

38、p at the time.radio shop at the time.A.A.has worked B.was working has worked B.was working C.had been working D.had workedC.had been working D.had worked特别注意：特别注意：与与alwaysalways连用，表示感情色彩。连用，表示感情色彩。My brother was always losing his key.My brother was always losing his key.1.Look!How wonderful my car i

39、s!Oh,Jack.What are youthinkingabout?Dontyoulikeit?ImsorryI_anyremarkaboutitintime.Icertainlythinkitssmart.A.wasntmakingB.dontmakeC.wontmakeD.didntmake2.TofindthestreetwhereIlivedinmychildhoodisnoeasytaskbecausethecity_sorapidlyalltheseyears.A.ischangingB.haschangedC.willhavechangedD.willchange3.He_q

40、uitewell,buthehasnthadtimetoswimsincethissummer.A.willswimB.haveswumC.swamD.swims4.Jimmysaidthathewouldcometopickmeup,buthe_bynow.A.hasntturnedupB.doesntturnupC.wontturnupD.hadntturnedup5.Imterriblysorryforbeinglate,butI_thewrongbus.A.catchB.hadcaughtC.caughtD.catching7.Thetruth,sir,isthattheoldman_

41、acrosstheroadwhenmycarhithim.A.wastowalkB.hadbeenwalkingC.walkedD.waswalking8.IreallydontthinkRosewillbeupset,butIwillgoandseeherincaseshe_.A.isB.doesC.willbeD.hasbeen9.Thecomputersmadebyourcompanysellbest,butseveralyearsagonoonecouldhaveimaginedtheroleinthemarketsthatthey_.A.wereplayingB.weretoplay

42、C.hadplayedD.played10.Kateisinhospital.Oh,really?I_._visither.A.didntknow;IllgoandB.dontknow;IllgoandC.dontknow;ImgoingtoD.didntknow;Imgoingto11.Where_theguidebook?Icantseeitanywhere.I_itrighthere,butnowitsgone.A.didyouput;haveputB.hadyouput;haveputC.haveyouput;putD.wereyouputting;put14.Doyouliveint

43、hiscity?No,we_itforholidays.A.justvisitB.justvisitedC.arejustvisitingD.havevisited15.Howistheoldmannow?Sorry,he_thoughtheydidalltheycouldtosavehim.A.wasdeadB.haddiedC.hasbeendeadD.died16.Thelakewillbefurtherpollutedunlesssomemeasures_.A.willbetakenB.aretakenC.weretakenD.hadbeentaken17.Imafraiditwill

44、betwomonths_.A.whenIcomebackB.whenIllcomebackC.beforeIcomebackD.beforeIllcomeback18.The workers _ busily when the boss came to look forsomethinghe_intheoffice.A.hadworked,hadleftB.wereworking;hadleftC.working;hadleftD.hadworked;left19.Thenotice_“Nosmoking”.A.istoldB.readsC.tellsD.isread（4）现在完成时）现在完成

45、时现在完成时除可以和现在完成时除可以和for、since引导的状语连用外，还引导的状语连用外，还可以和下面的介词短语连用：可以和下面的介词短语连用：during/in/overthelast(past)fewyears(months,weeks)、inrecentyears等。等。下列句型中常用现在完成时下列句型中常用现在完成时Itis(hasbeen)+一段时间一段时间+since从句从句This(That/It)isthefirst(second)timethat+完成时完成时This(That/It)istheonly+that+完成时完成时This(that/It)isthebest/

46、finest/mostinteresting+that从句从句+完成时完成时在时间或条件状语从句中，现在完成时可以代替一般将在时间或条件状语从句中，现在完成时可以代替一般将来时。如：来时。如：IshallposttheletterassoonasIhavewrittenit.Ifyouhavedonetheexperiment,youwillrealizethetheorybetter.Dontgetoffthebusuntilithasstopped.（5）过去完成时）过去完成时常用过去完成时的几种情况：常用过去完成时的几种情况：1.在在by、bytheend、bythetime、until

47、、before、since后接表示过去某一时间的短语或从句以前发生的动作。后接表示过去某一时间的短语或从句以前发生的动作。如：如：Bytheendoflastyear,wehadproduced20,000cars.Thetrainhadleftbeforewereachedthestation.2)表示未曾实现的希望、打算、意图、诺言等。常用表示未曾实现的希望、打算、意图、诺言等。常用hadhoped/planned/meant/intended/thought/wanted/expected等或用上述动词过去式接不定式完成式表示即：等或用上述动词过去式接不定式完成式表示即：hoped/pl

48、anned+tohavedone。Ihadhopedtoseeheragain.我本希望再见她一面我本希望再见她一面.(但没但没能如愿能如愿)3）“时间名词时间名词+before”在句子中作状语，谓语动词用在句子中作状语，谓语动词用过去完成时；过去完成时；“时间名词时间名词+ago”在句中作状语，谓语动在句中作状语，谓语动词用一般过去式。词用一般过去式。如：如：Hesaidhisfirstteacherhaddiedatleast10yearsbefore.XiaoHualeftschool3yearsago.4）表示）表示“一一就就”的几个句型：的几个句型：Hardly/Nosooner/S

49、carcelyhad+主语主语+过去分词过去分词+when/than/before+一般过去时。一般过去时。如：如：Wehadnosoonerbeenseatedthanthebusstarted.=Nosoonerhadwebeenseatedthanthebusstarted.在在before或或after引导的时间状语从句中用一般过引导的时间状语从句中用一般过去时态代替过去完成时。去时态代替过去完成时。Afterhe(had)lefttheroom,thebosscamein.Wearrivedhomebeforeitsnowed.1.Theoldman_twodaysafterheha

50、dbeensenttohospital.A.diedB.woulddieC.haddiedD.hasdied2.OldMcDonaldgaveupsmokingforawhile,butsoon_tohisoldways.A.returnedB.returnsC.wasreturningD.hadreturned3.I_myson_adoctor,buthewasntgoodenoughatscience.A.hoped;wouldbecomeB.hadhoped;wouldbecomeC.hadhoped;willbecomeD.hope;willbecome4.I_totakeagoodh