英语翻译之高级口译技巧.docx

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1、英语翻译之高级口译技巧 口译是英语翻译的一个重要技能，口译的技巧有句式调整，断句和巧用连词，调整依次，转换词性等，比如通过转换词性，可以把名词转为动词，或者把被动句调整为主动语态。下面我就和大家共享口译技巧，希望能够帮助到大家，来观赏一下吧。 口译技巧 1、句式调整 同传在词语的翻译上可以做到地道和相对精确，但句子结构不行能像交传那样根据中文的句式习惯组织支配，对于英汉传译，往往须要采纳英语句式的依次： 【例】Frankly, ideas and goods will travel around the globe with or without our help. 【译】坦率地讲，思想和商品

2、都将会在全球流通，不管有没有我们的帮助。 2、断句和巧用连词 处理长句是同传的基本功之一。翻译长句，除了断成译群外，还有一个关键要驾驭，即英文句子之所以长是因为要避开重复运用同一个词，于是用 who、which、that 来代替主语或宾语，使得句子很长，而在中文中就不怕重复运用。 【例】That is the single monetary policy which will be discussed at the next European Union conference. 【译】那就是单一货币政策 / 该政策将在下一届欧盟会议上探讨。 为了保证译出语的连贯性和精确性，同传时尽量运用译入语

3、的文法结构，在将其断为多个句群后可以运用一些润滑剂，即连词，将单个的句群联系起来。 3、调整依次 在一些有after和before的句子中可以将其反说，比如： 【例】I would like to make one point clear before I move on to the next point. 【译】我想先澄清一下，然后再讲下一部分。 【例】I would like to move on to the next part after I clarify one point. 【译】我想谈下一部分，在这之前先澄清一点。 4、转换词性 名词转动词 【例】the developmen

4、t and application of new telecom service 【译】假如听到整句主语后才起先切入翻译会稍显滞后，此时可以试着将这些名词译成动词，这样其实也符合英语的表达方式。可译为：开发和运用新的电信业务。 【例】In China, the full opening up and the profound reform in the public services areas to the foreign encounter parts greatly give impetus to the development of the tertiary industry. 【译】

5、可将此句译成：在中国， 全面开放和深化改革公共服务领域，并将其向国外同行开放，这会极大推动第三产业的发展。 还有一些同类表达： clear evidence of 清晰地表明 give impetus to 有力地推动 an obvious violation of 明显违反了 被动转主动 英语中大量运用被动句，目的主要是为了强调或者平衡句子结构。这种表达方式与汉语有较大差别，造成翻译英语中的被动语态时比较吃力，特殊是当句子主语较长时，在这种状况下，建议将语态由被动转成主动，往往会有柳暗花明之感： 【例】Arrangement must be made to guarantee the bas

6、ic life necessities could be available to the people in the earthquake hit areas. 【译】 必需做出支配 【译】Chinas diplomatic practice is seriously guided by the five principles of mutual peaceful coexistence. 【译】中国的外交活动是严格遵循原则的，即和平共处五项原则。 5、刚好调整错误 一般来说，在同传中不会有回过头来重新改正自己错误的可能性，但也不肯定，所以，假如具备了改错空间，当然提倡有错必改。 调整是同声

7、翻译中的校译过程，是译员依据接收到的新内容调整信息、订正错译、补充漏译的重要环节。如英语中的时间、地点状语等大多出现在句尾，在运用“顺句驱动”翻译时，会出现译完主句又出现状语的状况。 2022年翻译资格考试一级笔译英译汉练习题 Climate Change: A Race We Must Win We face a new era of climate crisis. July 2022 is the hottest month on record, and we are on track for 2022 to 2022 to be the five hottest years in hum

8、an history. The level of CO2 in the atmosphere is at its highest point in human history; climate-related devastations strike more often than ever, with droughts, hurricanes, heatwaves and landslides regularly attacking our planet, bringing high tolls and casualties, causing huge economic loss to cou

9、ntries and to individuals, particularly affecting the most vulnerable in societies. The latest report of UN Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific shows that natural disasters in the region are currently responsible for economic losses of up to US$675 billion annually and affecting

10、close to 150 million people.考生假如怕自己错过考试成果查询的话，可以 免费预约短信提示，届时会以短信的方式提示大家报名和考试时间。 The clock is ticking. According to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, we need to collectively ensure that global temperature rise does not go beyond 1.5 degrees. This means we must reduce emissions by 45 perc

11、ent by 2030 and achieve carbon neutrality by 2050. Such goals might seem too ambitious, but climate change is not a standalone issue that can be ignored given the profound implications it has for all countries and all peoples, including the young generation who will be living with the ever-increasin

12、g consequences of global warmings. Faced with this reality, it is impossible to ignore that human development can only flourish if the natural world flourishes. This is the premise of the UNs Sustainable Development Goals that have become more urgent looking forward to the next decade. How can we as

13、 the global community work together as one? To boost ambition, reinforce strong political will and encourage concrete actions to implement the Paris Agreement on Climate Change, the UN Secretary-General Antnio Guterres will host the 2022 Climate Action Summit on 23 September during the UN General As

14、sembly. The Summit will bring together governments, the private sector, civil society, local authorities and other international organizations to develop ambitious solutions in six areas: a global transition to renewable energy; sustainable and resilient infrastructures and cities; sustainable agric

15、ulture and management of forests and oceans; resilience and adaptation to climate impacts; and alignment of public and private finance with a net zero economy. The message is clear: we need concrete, realistic plans to enhance countries nationally determined contributions by 2022, in line with reduc

16、ing greenhouse gas emissions by 45 per cent over the next decade, and to achieve net zero emissions by 2050. As the second largest economy in the world, China has played a critical part in committing to the Paris Agreement and its leadership and commitment is crucial in achieving the goals. The coun

17、try has made remarkable progress in developing its green economy, with more than US$125 billion dollars investment in renewable energy in 2022. New renewable energy jobs in China now outnumber those created in the oil and gas industries. Under the 13th Five-Year Plan, China has already exceeded full

18、 three per cent of its target, to reduce energy intensity by 15 percent. The country is also the global leader in the adoption of electric buses, with an estimation of 18% of Chinas total bus fleet being electrified according to research from Bloomberg New Energy Finance. This demonstrates a signifi

19、cant increase in the importance of non-fossil fuel from previous five-year plan targets. The benefits China has reaped from fostering its renewable energy sector and the green economy also offer a prime counter-example to the mistaken belief that economic vitality and growth is incompatible with eff

20、orts to combat climate change. As the global challenge that does not respect national borders, climate change is an issue that requires solutions to be coordinated at the international level, with demand for all developed countries taking up greater responsibilities, and for developing countries mov

21、ing toward low-carbon economy. In the meantime, as the worlds most populous country and one of the largest carbon emitters, China can play an even more vital role in tackling global climate change by maximizing its enormous potential for emission reduction and accelerating the current positive. The

22、UN is committed to working with the government of China, the private sector, NGOs, youth and other key stakeholders to support climate change reduction efforts in China, to raise awareness and build the next generation of climate leaders, as well as Chinas growing support to other developing countri

23、es. Under initiatives such as the Belt and Road Initiative, UN and China can work closely together to make the best use of the investment in infrastructure to promote the transition from fossil fuel-intensive economy to green and low-carbon economy in developing countries and ensure the initiatives

24、are in line with sustainable development goals. South-South Cooperation can also facilitate the exchanges of climate solutions bringing Chinas successful practices to developing world and customize the methodology to best serve the local context and needs. Considering the scale of Chinas commitments

25、, the potential impact these global engagements will have is unparalleled. Therefore, the UN is ready to continue its partnership with China to ensure that an agenda of environmental sustainability, of climate change mitigation and resilience is placed first and foremost at the head of Chinas global

26、 development initiatives and investments. Climate change is running faster than we are and we need to have a much more ambitious approach in what we do in order to defeat climate change as this is a race that we can and must win. 气候改变：一场我们必需打赢的竞赛 我们面临着气候危机的新时代。2022年7月是有记录以来最热的一个月，2022年至2022年有望成为人类历史

27、上最热的5年。大气中的二氧化碳含量达到了人类历史上的最高点。与气候改变有关的自然灾难比以往任何时候都更加频繁，干旱、飓风、热浪和山体滑坡的频发造成了大范围人员伤亡，给很多国家和人民造成了巨大的经济损失，尤其是社会中最脆弱的群体受影响最为严峻。联合国亚太经济社会委员会最新报告显示，该地区自然灾难造成的经济损失高达每年6750亿美元，影响近1.5亿人。 时间一分一秒地过去。政府间气候改变特地委员会(Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change)的报告表明，我们须要共同确保全球气温上升不超过1.5摄氏度。这意味着我们必需在2030年前削减45%的排放量，并在20

28、50年前实现碳中和。这些目标好像过于雄心勃勃，但考虑到气候改变对全部国家和人民所产生的深远影响，全球变暖日益严峻所产生的后果年轻一代将首当其冲，我们绝不能将气候改变孤立开来，不能小觑其可能产生的后果和影响。 面对气候改变的现实，我们须要醒悟地相识到，人类的发展只有在自然界旺盛的状况下才能蓬勃发展。这是联合国可持续发展目标的前提，展望将来十年，这些目标变得更加紧迫。我们该如何作为一个国际社会共同努力? 联合国秘书长安东尼奥古特雷斯将于9月23日在联合国大会期间主持2022年气候行动峰会，以提振雄心，增加政治意愿，激励落实巴黎气候改变协定的详细行动。首脑会议将汇合各国政府、私营部门、民间社会、地方

29、当局和其他国际组织，在六个领域制定雄心勃勃的解决方法：全球范围内向可再生能源过渡;可持续和适应力强的基础设施和城市;可持续农业和森林及海洋管理;对气候影响的复原力和适应实力;公共和私人金融向“净零”经济看齐。峰会要传递的信息很明确：我们须要详细、现实的安排，到2022年提高各国的自主贡献，在将来10年将温室气体排放量削减45%，到2050年实现“净零”排放。 作为世界其次大经济体，中国在履行巴黎协定方面发挥了重要作用，中国的领导和承诺对实现巴黎协定的目标至关重要。中国绿色经济发展取得了显著进展，2022年可再生能源投资超过1250亿美元。目前，中国可再生能源新增就业人数已超过石油和自然气行业。

30、在十三五安排实施期间，中国已经超额完成目标的3%，降低能源强度15%。中国还是全球领先运用电动公交车的国家，依据彭博新能源财经探讨估计，18%中国公交车汽车实现电气化。这表明，与之前的五年安排目标相比，非化石燃料的重要性显著提高。中国从发展可再生能源产业和绿色经济中获益的事实也为有些人错误地认为经济的活力和增长与应对气候改变不行兼得供应了一个主要的反例。 全球性挑战一直不受国境线的限制，气候改变这一全球性议题须要在国际层面协调解决方案，要求全部发达国家担当更大的责任，发展中国家向低碳经济迈进。作为世界上人口最多的国家和最大的碳排放国之一，中国可以在应对全球气候改变方面发挥更重要的作用，最大限度

31、地发挥其巨大的减排潜力，进一步加快进度。 联合国致力于与中国政府、私营部门、非政府组织、青年和其他主要利益攸关方一道，支持中国削减气候改变的努力，提高相识，培育下一代气候领导人，并不断加大对其他发展中国家的支持力度。在各项倡议的支持下，例如一带一路倡议，联合国和中国可以紧密合作，充分利用基础设施投资，促进发展中国家从化石燃料密集型的经济向绿色和低碳经济的过渡，确保项目符合可持续发展目标。南南合作也可以促进气候解决方案的沟通，将中国的胜利阅历推广到发展中国家，并依据当地的实际状况和需求，因地制宜地调整方法论。考虑到中国承诺的规模，这些全球合作的潜在影响将是巨大的。因此，联合国愿接着与中国保持伙伴

32、关系，确保将环境可持续性、减缓气候改变和提高适应实力置于中国全球发展倡议和投资的首位。 假如将气候行动比作一场竞赛，那么气候改变现在的速度比我们快，我们须要更大的决心来应对这一挑战，因为这是一场我们能够而且必需获胜的竞赛。 2022年翻译资格考试一级口译实务材料 常驻联合国代表张军大使在安理睬中导问题公开会上的发言 Statement by Ambassador Zhang Jun at Security Council on Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces Treaty 2022年8月22日 22 August 2022 主席女士， Madam Presi

33、dent, 我仔细听取了中满泉副秘书长所作通报。 I have listened carefully to the briefing by USG Nakamitsu. 1987年美苏达成的中导条约是军控与裁军领域的重要条约。条约明确将加强战略稳定作为目标，有效缓解了美苏在欧洲的中导军备竞赛，有利于增进大国战略互信，缓和国际关系，推动核裁军进程。The Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces Treaty (INF) signed between the US and the USSR in 1987 is an important treaty on arms c

34、ontrol and disarmament. Taking strengthening strategic stability as its objective, the treaty effectively mitigated the arms race on intermediate-range missiles between the US and USSR in Europe and helped to enhance strategic mutual trust between major powers, ease international relations and advan

35、ce nuclear disarmament process. 进入新世纪以来，维护中导条约有效性，不仅对美俄两国，也对国际和地区的和平与平安具有重要现实意义。美俄本应通过对话协商妥当处理关于履约问题的分歧，切实维护条约有效性。但美国单方面退约导致条约失效，将对全球战略平衡与稳定、欧洲和亚太地区平安及国际军控体系产生深远消极影响，国际社会应对此保持醒悟相识。在中导条约问题上，中方已多次表明立场，拿中国作为退约借口是不行接受的。中方拒绝美方的无理指责。 Entering the new century, safeguarding the effectiveness of the INF trea

36、ty is of great practical significance not only to the United States and Russia but also to international and regional peace and security. The two countries should have properly handled differences over treaty compliance through dialogue and consultation to earnestly safeguard the effectiveness of th

37、e treaty. However, the unilateral withdrawal of the United States from the treaty led to the demise of the treaty, which will have a far-reaching negative impact on global strategic balance and stability, regional security in Europe and Asia as well as international arms control regime. The internat

38、ional community should be clear headed about this impact. On the INF issue, China has made clear its position on many occasions. It is unacceptable to use China as an excuse for leaving the treaty, and China rejects the baseless accusation by the United States. 主席女士， Madam President, 当今世界正经验百年未有之大变局

39、，和平、发展、合作、共赢的时代潮流不行逆转，和平力气的上升远远超过斗争因素的增长。同时，国际平安面临的不稳定性不确定性更加突出。多边主义是应对共同挑战的有效途径，各国应坚决维护以国际法和联合国宪章宗旨原则为核心的国际秩序，秉持共同、综合、合作和可持续的新平安观，充分敬重各国正值合理平安关切，努力塑造和平稳定的国际平安环境，推动构建人类命运共同体。 The world today is undergoing profound changes unseen in a century. Peace, development and win-win cooperation remain the irr

40、eversible trends of the times, with forces for peace predominating over elements of war. At the same time, there are prominent destabilizing factors and uncertainties in international security. Multilateralism is the effective means to address common challenges. All countries should resolutely safeg

41、uard international order with international law and the purposes and principles of the UN Charter at its core, embrace a concept of common, comprehensive, cooperative and sustainable security, fully respect the legitimate security concerns of all countries, work hard for a peaceful and stable intern

42、ational security environment and promote a community of a shared future for mankind. 联合国宪章给予安理睬维护国际和平与平安的重要职责，安理睬成员应呈现责任担当，各国均应避开实行损害别国平安利益的举动。美方在正式退出中导条约前即宣称安排加快中导研发和部署，并已于日前试射新型陆基巡航导弹。中方剧烈敦促有关国家本着高度负责的看法，保持克制，切实维护现有军控体系，维护全球战略平衡与稳定，维护国际和地区和平与安静。这是国际社会的共同呼声。 The UN Charter entrusts the Security Cou

43、ncil with the important responsibility of maintaining international peace and security. Council members should earnestly fulfill their responsibilities in this regard. All countries should refrain from taking actions that undermine the security interests of other countries. Prior to its official wit

44、hdrawal from the INF treaty, the United States already announced its plan to accelerate the development and deployment of intermediate range missiles. And lately, it conducted a test launch of land-based cruise missile. China strongly urges the relevant country to take a highly responsible attitude,

45、 exercise restraint and earnestly preserve the existing arms control regime in an effort to safeguard global strategic balance and stability and international and regional peace and security. This is the shared message from the international community. 退出中导条约是美国奉行单边主义、推卸国际义务的又一消极举动，其真实目的是自我松绑、谋求单方面肯

46、定军事优势。中国始终奉行防卫性的国防政策，拥有的陆基中程导弹全部部署在本国境内，完全出于防卫目的，不威逼任何国家。中方坚决反对美国在亚太地区部署陆基中导，要求美方在此方面保持理性和克制。 Withdrawal from the INF treaty is yet another act of unilateralism and escape from international obligations by the United States. It is aimed at relieving restrictions and seeking absolute military advanta

47、ge. China pursues a national defense policy that is defensive nature. Chinas land-based intermediate range missiles are all deployed within the Chinese territory. It is for defense purposes only and poses no threat to any country. China firmly opposes US deployment of land-based intermediate range m

48、issiles in the Asia-Pacific and urges the United States to be cool-headed and exercise restraint. 主席女士， Madam President, 国际军控与裁军条约体系是全球战略平衡与稳定的基石，与国际和平平安休戚相关。核裁军是不扩散核武器条约的三大支柱之一，是核领域全球治理的重要组成部分。各国应遵循“维护全球战略稳定”和“各国平安不受减损”等原则，按部就班推动核裁军进程。拥有最大核武库的国家应切实履行核裁军特别、优先责任。我们支持俄罗斯在此方面作出的政治外交努力，支持并激励俄罗斯和美国就战略平安和双边核裁军问题保持对话，致力于美俄关于进一步削减和限制进攻性战略武器措施的条约延期，并接着以可核查、不行逆、具有法律约束力的方式大幅削减核武库，为推动多边核裁