如何提高中学生英语书面表达的能力.ppt

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1、如何提高中学生英语书面表达的能力 Still waters run deep.流静水深流静水深,人静心深人静心深 Where there is life,there is hope。有生命必有希望。有生命必有希望实际教学中学生在写作中经常出现的错误实际教学中学生在写作中经常出现的错误教师在教学中的困惑教师在教学中的困惑考纲上对写作的要求考纲上对写作的要求我校高一、高二的具体做法我校高一、高二的具体做法我校高三的具体做法我校高三的具体做法 写作课实例写作课实例 (2012南通一模)下面下面这这幅照片展幅照片展现现了志愿者活了志愿者活动动的情的情景。景。请请根据你根据你对对照片的理解用英照片的理解

2、用英语语写一篇短文。你的短写一篇短文。你的短文文应该应该包括以下内容：包括以下内容：1简简述照片内容，如情景、人物、述照片内容，如情景、人物、动动作等等；作等等；2结结合自身合自身实际实际，谈谈谈谈你的感想；你的感想；3举举例例说说明你将明你将选择选择什么什么样样的的 志愿者活志愿者活动动并并陈陈述原因。述原因。Volunteers make a difference!Volunteers make a difference!一、实际英语教学中学生在写作时经常一、实际英语教学中学生在写作时经常出现的错误出现的错误一、实际英语教学中学生在写作时经常出现的错误Inrecentyears,there

3、havebeenlargenumbersofvolunteersdevotetheirtimeandefforttopeopleinneed.Inrecentyears,alargenumberofvolunteersdevotetheirtimeandefforttopeopleinneed.Thepictureshowsusatouchingmomentthattwovolunteershelpadisabledmaninawheelchair.Onlyinthiswaycansocietybemoreharmony.Aswecanseeinthepicture,manyvolunteer

4、shelppeoplewhoisdisabled.(devote改成devoting)(devote改成havedevoted)(that改成when)(harmony改成harmonious)(is改成are)Unfortunately,therestillexistsagreatmanyproblems.Aswecanseeinthepicturethattwovolunteersarehelpingadisabledpersontogoupstairs.WeshouldhelptheseniorcitizensintheHousefortheAgedregular.Realizeitwo

5、uldbeimpossibleforthemantogettothetopallbyhimself,thevolunteerscarrythewheelchairwithdifficultystepbystepupthestairs.Thispictureremindsmemanyvolunteersinmyschool,mycommunityandourcountry.(exists改成exist)(that改成，)（regular改成regularly）(Realize改成Realizing)(在me后加of)2011年江苏高考书面表达Thepictureshowsusatouchingm

6、omentwhenalittlegirlcomestogreetherworkingmom.Realizinghermommustbeverytiredafteradayswork,thegirlhelpstoremovethebagfromhershoulder.Allthisremindsmeofmymotherwhohasbeendoingwhatevershecouldtoletmehavethebest.众所周知的是，随着人们生活水平的提高，汽车成了一种受欢迎的交通方式，给我们的生活带来了很多方便。Asisknowntoall,withtheimprovementofpeoplesl

7、ivingstandards,carshavebecomeapopularmeansoftransport,bringinggreatconveniencetoourlife.apopularmeansoftransport,whichbringsgreatconveniencetoourlife.总结1展示学生习作中的错误让学生找出错误，并改正联想相关的重点结构利用好的结构让学生仿写或改写二、老师们在英语课堂教学中经常遇到二、老师们在英语课堂教学中经常遇到的困惑的困惑1、如何让学生得高分？2、如何避免书面表达中经常出现的一些低级错误？3、如何让一些能力较弱的学生写出一些像样的句子？4、如何让

8、学生写出流畅的句子，而不是一些生搬硬套的短语的堆砌？5、如何让整篇文章读起来通顺，流畅？What makes a good article?Beautiful handwritingLarge vocabularyVarious sentence structuresCorrect grammarProper conjunctions How to write more beautiful sentences in our compositions?(重庆卷重庆卷)学校网站新开设了一个学校网站新开设了一个“英语写作英语写作”栏栏目目（column），以便学生发表（），以便学生发表（post）英

9、语作）英语作文，进行交流，提高写作能力。现请你为该栏文，进行交流，提高写作能力。现请你为该栏目写一个英文介绍，内容包括：目写一个英文介绍，内容包括：开设目的开设目的 栏目优势：教师在线（栏目优势：教师在线（on line）指导等指导等 作文要求：内容贴近学生生活作文要求：内容贴近学生生活 优秀作文的鼓励办法优秀作文的鼓励办法 邀请大家参与邀请大家参与 注意：注意：1.词数词数100左右左右2.开头语已为你写好（不计入总词数）开头语已为你写好（不计入总词数）Welcome to the column“writing English”!Welcome to the column“English W

10、riting”!Recently the school website has set up a new column called“English Writing”,which provides students with the chances to post their compositions and communicate with each other.Not only can students improve their writing ability in this way,but also they can strengthen their self-confidence.T

11、he column has lots of advantages.It is the teachers guide on line that has the advantage over other columns.If necessary,the students can have a direct“ask and answer”with professional teachers.It is required that the compositions should be related to the students life.Whats more,if it is organized

12、well enough,the writer will be rewarded for it.Hoping for the students participation.Not only can students定语从句定语从句条件句和被动句条件句和被动句主语从句主语从句So what advanced structures can we use when writing compositions?1.非谓语动词非谓语动词(non-predicate verbs)(-ing,-ed,-to do)2.倒装句倒装句(inversion)3.各种从句：各种从句：(clauses)名词性从句，定语从

13、句，状语从句名词性从句，定语从句，状语从句 4.强调句强调句(structure emphasis)5.被动语态被动语态(passive voice)巧用多种结构增强句子的表现力巧用多种结构增强句子的表现力(一一)非谓语动词的使用非谓语动词的使用1.The bridge is being built in the town.The bridge will make the island a tourist attraction.(现在分词现在分词)2.Successful business are those which are built around good personal relat

14、ionships.(过去分词过去分词)3.He wants to improve his spoken English.He often talks with the native speakers.(不定式不定式)The bridge being built in the town will make Successful business are those built around In order to improve his spoken English,he often talks with(二二)倒装句的使用倒装句的使用1.We can save the animals by c

15、hanging the plants we eat.Only 2.She is clever but she never works hard.as3.The clock tower stands on the other side of the street.On the other side of the street by changing the plants we eat can we save Clever she is,she never works hard.stands the clock tower.(三）强调句的使用三）强调句的使用1.The teachers words

16、 encouraged her greatly.（强调（强调主语）主语）2.we have an easy access to the internet for information in the E-reading room(强调强调地点状语地点状语)(2006浙江浙江)It was the teachers words that encouraged her greatly.It is in the E-reading room that we have an easy access to the internet for information（四）从句的使用（四）从句的使用1.To

17、our surprise,he refused to take the position.（名词性从句）（名词性从句）2.When he climbed up higher,he felt more breathless.(比较状语从句）比较状语从句）3.We all know that the Beijing 2008 Olympic games is a great success.(非限制性定语从句）非限制性定语从句）What surprised us was that he refused to take The higher he climbed up,the more breath

18、less he felt.As is known to us all,the Beijing 2008 Olympic games is a great success1.We should take many measures to protect the earth where we live.Many measures should be taken to protect the earth where we live.(五五)被动语态被动语态(福建福建)目前，学校存在少数学生考试作弊现目前，学校存在少数学生考试作弊现英文杂志社拟对此现象向中学生征文，标题是英文杂志社拟对此现象向中学生征

19、文，标题是“My Opinion on Cheating in Examinations”根据下根据下列提示用英语写一篇征文稿。内容要点如下：列提示用英语写一篇征文稿。内容要点如下：主要原因主要原因:考试偏多、偏难考试偏多、偏难;不用功、懒惰不用功、懒惰;取悦取悦 父母、老师父母、老师个人看法个人看法:作弊不对作弊不对;违反校规违反校规;要诚实，努力学要诚实，努力学 习习;（其他方法）（其他方法）注意注意:1.短文必须包括所有内容要点，可适当发挥短文必须包括所有内容要点，可适当发挥 2.短文标题与开头已为你写好短文标题与开头已为你写好,不计入总词数不计入总词数 3.词数词数100左右左右.4参

20、考词汇：作弊参考词汇：作弊 cheat开头开头:It is known to us all that some students cheat in examination at school.Now lets list some important points and discuss what complex structures we can use1、考试偏多、偏难、考试偏多、偏难2、不用功、懒惰、不用功、懒惰There are too many examinations.They are too difficult for us.Better:Sometimes we have too

21、 many examinations which are too difficult for us.We are lazy and dont work hard.Better:Not only are some of the students lazy but they also dont work hard at their lessons.Or:Some of the students dont work hard because they are lazy.3、取悦父母、老师、取悦父母、老师4、作弊不对、违反校规、作弊不对、违反校规5、要诚实，努力学习、要诚实，努力学习They want

22、 to please their parents and teachers.Better:_ please their parents and teachers,they sometimes cheat when _ examinations.In order totaking Cheating in examinations is wrong.It breaks the rules of schools.Better:It is wrong to cheat in examinations because it breaks the rules of schools.We students

23、should be honest and study hard.Better:_is to be honest and try to get good results by _instead of _ in examinations.What we students should dostudying hardcheating 总结2从范文入手，让学生获取好文章的信息好文章所具备的一些要点从要点分析让学生学会正确地表达如何使学生进一步完善自己写的结构三、考纲上对写作的要求2012年江苏省考试说明上对书面表达的要求如下：要求考生根据所给情景用英语写一篇150个单词左右的短文。情景包括目的、对象、

24、时间、地点、方位、关系、内容、数据等；提供情景的形式如图画、图表、提纲、信函等；考生应能：1）根据特定的语境准确使用英语语法，选用恰当的词汇；2）使用一定的句型、词汇，清楚、连贯地表达自己的意思。第五档作文-第三档作文的要求第五档（21-25分）：完全覆盖所有任务，完全达到预期写作目的，应用了较多语法结构和词汇，具备较强的语言应用能力，有效地使用了语句间的连接成分，使全文结构紧凑，内容连贯。第四档（16-20分）：较好地完成规定任务，达到预期写作目的，应用基本准确，应用简单的词语间的连接成分，使全文结构紧凑。第三档（11-15分）：基本完成规定任务，整体达到预期写作目的，有一些词语和结构的错误

25、，但不影响理解，应用简单的词语间的连接成分，是全文内容连贯。2012年江苏高考作文81.生活中冲突时有发生。假设你班同学苏华和李江打篮球时发生争执,导致关系紧张。请你结合此事,并根据以下提示,用英语写一篇短文,向学校英文报“HappyTeens”专栏投稿。简要描述事情的经过打篮球、碰撞、争执,等等分析发生冲突的原因1.遇事不够冷静2.谈谈避免冲突的做法(请考生根据自己的经历或感想,提出至少两种做法)参考范文Conflictswithothersarecommonineverydaylife.Duringthebasketballgameyesterdayafternoon,SuHuaandLi

26、Jiangbumpedintoeachother,tryingtocatchtheball.Thentheystartedshoutingandyelling,whichturnedintoahorriblequarrel.Tobehonest,itwasSusfaultbutLiwasalsotoblametheywerenotcalmenoughandbothsaidsomereallymeanthings.Theycaredtoomuchaboutwinningandlosing.Asamatteroffact,blocking,pushingandbumpingarejustparto

27、fatoughgame.Toavoidsuchconflicts,weshouldbekindtooneanother,whichisessentialtoenjoyaharmoniouslife.Itisalsoavirtuetoforgiveandforget,especiallyinsuchacompetitiveandstressfulsociety.Insteadofblamingeachother,weshouldcommunicatemoreandputourselvesinothersplace.Dontbeself-centeredandtrytobeconsiderate.

28、Wemustlearntohandleconflictscalmlyandwisely.四、我校高一、高二年级英语教学中关于书面表达的具体做法课文佳句仿写课文同题材仿写利用平时的教学教会学生一些写作中的得分点课文佳句仿写如M1Unit1Reading中有这样一个句子：He also told us that the best way to earnrespectwastodevoteourselvestostudyandachievehighgrades.在课后布置的作业中就可以设计这样的翻译句：英语老师告诉我们要提高英语水平的最好的方法是：花一些时间看英语电视节目或参加一些英语俱乐部。Our

29、 English teacher tells us that the best way to improveEnglishistodevoteourselvestowatchingEnglishprogramsonTVorjoinEnglishclubs.大家都相信要改善交通拥挤的最好的方式是：市民们应该骑自行车外出，而要少开私家车。It is believed that the best way to betterthetrafficisthatthecitizenshadbetterridebicyclesinsteadofdrivingprivatecars.又如：M3Unit2Gram

30、mar的B部分中有这样一个句子：What we should doabouttheincreasingnumberof“borrowedwords”inourvocabulary is something thatdeservescarefulthought.这个句子中有2个从句的形式，同时又是写作中的一个好句，所以课后的作业中我们就给学生布置这样的题目：让他吃惊的是他根本无法支付这一大笔钱的事实。What shocked him most was the fact thathecouldntaffordtheheavymedicalfees.图片所传递我们的是这样的信息：我们有责任应该尽可能

31、努力使我们的社会成为一个居住的好地方。What the picture conveys us is the message thatitisourresponsibilitytomakeoursocietyagoodplacetolivein.课文同题材仿写在实际的考试中，写作的形式有些完全是课本上相关的内容，例如：M2Unit1Task中的Step3:Writingareport（所占的比例）的图表形式就是书面表达中经常出现的考试形式，所以当课堂上让学生熟练掌握了如何写这一类的文章后，课后的写作就可以布置这样的内容：2010年央视春晚的广告收入创新高，但节目中的植入广告引发了热议。最近，某网

32、站举行了一次题为“对今年春晚植入广告的态度”的调查，请根据以下饼图（piechart）所示信息用英语写一篇短文，并提出你自己的看法。注意：1对所给提示，不要简单翻译，可适当增加细节，使行文连贯。2词数150左右。开头已给出，不计入总词数。3植入广告：productplacement优秀作文展示1The 2010 Spring Festival Gala has set records for TV commercial rates,which accordingly has caused heated discussions due to product placement in the pr

33、ograms.Accordingtothepiechart,wecansee15%ofthesurveyedpeoplethinkitsdifficulttodevelopCCTVwithouttheproductplacement,becauseitcanprovideenoughmoney.Atthesametime,20%ofthemthinktheproductplacementispresentedintheprograminanaturalway.Ontheotherhand,therestofthepeopleareagainstthemoveandtheyhavetheirow

34、nreasons.Nearlyonethirdofthemsaytheproductplacementhaslittletodowiththeprograms,whichreducestheirinterestsintheprograms.And10%ofthepeopleholdtheideathatthedisadvantagethatitruinstheimageofCCTVoutweighsitsadvantage.Besides,aquartercomplaintherearetoomuchproductplacementintheprograms.AsfarasImconcerne

35、d,evenifitscommontoseeproductplacement,Idontthinkitshouldappearinsomeprogramsofartandculture.优秀作文展示2The 2010 Spring Festival Gala has set records for TV commercial rates,which accordingly has caused heated discussions due to product placement in the programs.Theopinionsonthistopicvaryfrompersontoper

36、son.Oneinfourthinkthereissomuchofproductplacementthatlotsofpeoplefeelunsatisfiedwhentheywatchtheprograms.And10%ofthepeoplethinkproductplacementintheprogramsgreatlyruinstheimageofCCTV,becauseitwillleaveabadimpressiononaudienceinandoutsideChina.Besides,nearlyonethirdofthepeopleholdtheopinionthatitshar

37、dtorelatetheproductplacementtotheprograms,makingtheaudiencefeeluncomfortable.However,thereare15%ofthepeoplewhothinkitishelpfulforthedevelopmentofCCTV.Andtherestthinkthereisnoneedforustobesostrictwithproductplacement.Afterall,itsverynatural.Personally,theproductplacementisreallydisgustingandCCTVshoul

38、dtrytoavoidit.写作中的得分点1、文章结构、主题要正确、文章结构、主题要正确2、使用多种不同的结构，如：非谓语动词、倒装句、使用多种不同的结构，如：非谓语动词、倒装句、各种从句（各种从句（名词性从句，定语从句，状语从句名词性从句，定语从句，状语从句)、强调句强调句、被动语态等等、被动语态等等3、正确使用句子之间的连接词、正确使用句子之间的连接词4、平时要养成良好的习惯，要写出一手漂亮的好平时要养成良好的习惯，要写出一手漂亮的好字，有助于写作的得分。字，有助于写作的得分。5、文章完成以后一定要认真读一遍，特别要注意动、文章完成以后一定要认真读一遍，特别要注意动词是否用错？结构是否合理

39、？词是否用错？结构是否合理？书面表达的一些常用结构帮助学生归纳一些写作中常见的短语、一些精彩的句子，然后罗列一些写作中出现的中文句子，让学生套用以上的短语和句子进行写作，当然这些内容要经常督促学生去学，甚至去背诵，一来对写作有好处，二来对基础知识的巩固也非常有效。五、我校高三英语对于书面表达的具体五、我校高三英语对于书面表达的具体做法做法1、坚持主题式造句以及课文句型仿写;2、微型作文训练，并选取部分学生面批;3、把作文中错句融入到平时的默写或二次提问;4、在班级分享好的亮点句子，并纳入到造句的仿写;5、用学校统一的作文练习纸进行规范书写训练;6、让学生之间学会相互批改。1、坚持主题式造句主题

40、式造句一直是市、区教研员一再要求我们平时训练写作的一种很好的方式，主题的内容可以是课本上的，也可以是和课本相关的内容，练习的形式可以是上课完成，也可以布置给学生作为课后作业，批改的形式同样可以多样的，全体批，或小组批，或者学生之间互批，或者抽几个同学面批，等等，可以视所教班级的不同情况分别对待。例如：成功（很常见的话题，以下是学生写的例句）Nothingismorerewardingthanachievinggreatsuccess.Asthesayinggoes,failureisthemotherofsuccess.Inmypointofview,peoplesopinionaboutsu

41、ccessvariesfrompersontoperson.Whatmyteachertellsmeisthatthesecrettosuccessisconfidenceandhardwork.Obviously,everyoneislongingtobesuccessful,butittakeshardworktoachievesuccess.环保Itssuggestedthatweshouldsparenoefforttoprotecttheenvironment.Thereisnodoubtthatthequalityofairisgoingfrombadtoworsenow.What

42、makesthingsworseisthattheenergyintheworldwillbeusedupinthenearfuture.Itisevidentthatglobalwarminghasattractedmoreandmorepeoplesattention.Weshouldtakesomemeasuresandweshouldhavesavedresourcestoreducepollutionearlier.2、利用课文的相关知识写作写作建议：审题，打草稿，相互批改，修正，最后成稿。（注意关联词的使用）写作内容（M9Unit1Reading）:假如你是加拿大人，有外国朋友Fr

43、ank向你了解加拿大的相关情况，请按下列要求写一封信：1.加拿大的地理位置、地形特征（2-3句）2.加拿大的主要城市，你最喜欢的城市和原因（2-3句）3.加拿大的标志及历史（2-3句）4.加拿大的旅游景点（1-2句）5.你对加拿大的看法（1-2句）DearFrank,Im very glad to tell you something about my country Canada.Canada,thesecondlargestcountryintheworld,islocatednorthoftheUSA,withthePacifictothewestandtheAtlantictothee

44、ast.Becauseithascountlessriversandseeminglyendlessforests,agreatnumberofwildanimalsandfishcanbefound.AmongthefamouscitiesToronto,Montreal,andVancouver,IlikeMontrealbest.ThemainreasonisthatanyvisitortoMontrealwillnotbeboredwithitscolourfulnightlifeaswellasdifferentfestivals.Bytheway,themapleleafisCan

45、adasnationalsymbol.Astoitshistory,Ishouldsayitsveryinterestingbecausemanypeoplecamehereforgold.Canadaisalsofamousforitsfantasticnaturalscenery,ofwhichNiagaraFallsisthemostrecognized.Inaword,asisknowntoall,Canadaisthebestcountryintheworldtolivein.Bestwishes.XXX3、在班级中分享学生的亮点每次完成一篇作文，我们的英语老师都习惯做以下的事情：1

46、、把学生作文中好的句子打在投影上，并在后面附上姓名；这样下次写的时候学生就会有意识地模仿。2、摘抄学生作文中典型的错句或者不地道的表达，然后让学生改正或者改进。3、选出一两篇好的文章和不好的文章，分别让学生打分，然后和实际的分数比对，让学生明白如何可以得高分，什么样的表达是要扣分的，以便他们在接下来的写作中高度重视。好句Asthecomputersarewidelyused,teachers,parentsandstudentsareattachinglessimportancetohandwriting.(高三3吴雨帆)Thestudents,accountingforabout51.5%,

47、holdtheviewthattheycanuseacomputerinsteadofpractisinghandwriting.(7班张敏)20%ofthepeopleconsidertheproductplacementseemsnatural,contrarytowhichoneforthofthepeoplefindthemselvesfedupwithtoomuchofit.(12班陈旭)错句1.Nomedicalmaterialscaninsteadofit.2.ThereisnootherChinesemedicinecanreplaceit.3.Somepeopleagains

48、tthatthepracticeofextractingbearbileshouldbebanned.4.Faceddifficulty,theydidntknowhowtodealwiththeproblem.5.Changeyoureatinghabitsisthebestwaytoloseweight.4、同一内容让学生用不同形式表达大学生就业困难大学生就业困难Itisdifficultforthegraduatestofindjobs,withthenumberofgraduates increasing.Thegraduatesfind it difficult to findjob

49、sbecausemoreandmorestudentsgraduatefromuniversity.建议：无论学习什么专业，都要努力学习，建议：无论学习什么专业，都要努力学习，将来才能为国家作出贡献。将来才能为国家作出贡献。Nomatterwhatmajorwepick,weare supposed to workhardatit.Only in this way can we makecontributionstoourcountry.Weshouldalwaysworkhardatwhatever we choose to studyanddo our bit forourmotherla

50、nd.需要老师加强重难点、易错点的训练需要老师加强重难点、易错点的训练Besides,weekendlessonsgivestudentsmorepracticeandteachersguidance,whichcanhelpthemtohaveafullunderstandingofthedifficult,importantorconfusingpoints.Attheweekend,studentscandoextra practiceandgetfurther instructionsfromtheirteachers,sothattheycanfully understandwhat