我的公开课动词时态语态..上课讲义.ppt

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1、我的公开课动词时态语态.动词的时态：动词的时态：、体、体时时一般一般进行进行完成完成完成进行完成进行现在现在dodoam/is/are am/is/are +doing+doinghave/has have/has +done+donehave/has have/has +been+been doingdoing过去过去diddidwere/was were/was +doing+doinghad donehad donehad been had been+doing+doing将来将来will/shall will/shall+do+dowill/shall be will/shall be

2、 +doing+doingwill/shall will/shall have+donehave+donewill/shall will/shall have been+have been+doingdoing过去将来过去将来would/would/should+doshould+dowould/would/should be+should be+doingdoingwould/should would/should have+donehave+donewould/should would/should have been+have been+doingdoing 一般现在时的用法一般现在时的

3、用法1)1)表示表示经常性经常性或或习惯性习惯性的动作或的动作或存在存在的状态，常与表示的状态，常与表示频度频度的时间状语连用。的时间状语连用。everyevery,sometimes,often,usually,on Sunday,sometimes,often,usually,on Sunday I I leaveleave home for school at 7 home for school at 7 every morningevery morning.He He is is alone.alone.2)2)客观真理，客观存在，科学事实。客观真理，客观存在，科学事实。The ear

4、th The earth movesmoves around the sun.around the sun.3)3)表示格言或警句中。表示格言或警句中。Actions speak louder than words.Actions speak louder than words.4)4)表现在的状态、能力、性格、个性。表现在的状态、能力、性格、个性。I I dontdont want so much.want so much.Ann Ann writeswrites good English but good English but does notdoes not speakspeak we

5、ll.well.He He believesbelieves he can achieve his goal one day.he can achieve his goal one day.5)5)用在以（用在以（if,unless,before,as soon as,when,once,the more-the more)引导的引导的时间和条件状语从句时间和条件状语从句中表中表将来将来 I Ill ll take parttake part in the game if it in the game if it doesndoesnt raint rain.I Ill let him kno

6、w as soon as he ll let him know as soon as he comescomes.The more he studies hard,the more progress he will make.有时为了强调动作的完成，有些动词也可用现在完成时。有时为了强调动作的完成，有些动词也可用现在完成时。DonDont get off the bus until it t get off the bus until it has stoppedhas stopped.When you When you have finishedhave finished your home

7、work,you can play for a your homework,you can play for a while.while.6)根据时刻表的安排将要根据时刻表的安排将要发生的事件，日程一般不可变更，发生的事件，日程一般不可变更，语气比较肯定，常用的动词有：语气比较肯定，常用的动词有：arrive,leave,come,go,open,close,return,start,begin,end,stop等。The trains arrives at 18:40.The shop opens at 8 a.m and closes at 11.pm.7)以以 here 或或 there

8、 开头的句子，说明正在发生的动作，开头的句子，说明正在发生的动作，谓语动词不用现在进行时，而用一般现在时。谓语动词不用现在进行时，而用一般现在时。Get it ready.Here comes a bus.There goes the bell.一般过去时的用法一般过去时的用法 1 1）在）在确定的过去时间确定的过去时间里所发生的动作或存在的里所发生的动作或存在的状态。时间状语有：状态。时间状语有：yesterday,last week,an hour ago,yesterday,last week,an hour ago,the other day,the other day,just no

9、w,just now,in 1982in 1982,I I stayedstayed up last night,for I up last night,for I hadhad a lot of a lot of homework to do.homework to do.Where Where diddid you you gogo just now?just now?2 2）表示）表示在过去一段时间内在过去一段时间内，经常性经常性或或习惯性习惯性的动作。的动作。When I When I waswas a child,I often a child,I often playedplaye

10、d football in the street.football in the street.3 3）有时过去的时间隐含在情景里）有时过去的时间隐含在情景里，含有，含有“刚才，在过去刚才，在过去”之意，暗示现在已不再这样。之意，暗示现在已不再这样。I hardly I hardly recognizedrecognized you,Marry.you,Marry.I didn I didnt know you were coming.t know you were coming.（09，全国I）Edward,you play so well.But I _ you played the pi

11、ano.A.didnt knowB.hadnt knownC.dont knowD.havent known4)4)用在一些句型里：用在一些句型里：It is time you It is time you wentwent to bed.to bed.I wish I I wish I werewere a bird.a bird.Id rather you Id rather you camecame tomorrow.tomorrow.比较：比较：一般过去时表示的动作或状态都已成为过一般过去时表示的动作或状态都已成为过去，去，现已不复存在现已不复存在。Mrs.Darby Mrs.Darb

12、y livedlived in Kentuck for seven years.in Kentuck for seven years.Mrs.Darby Mrs.Darby has livedhas lived in Kentucky for seven in Kentucky for seven years.years.(含义：达比太太已不再住在肯塔基州。含义：达比太太已不再住在肯塔基州。)(含义：现在还住在肯塔基州，有可能指刚离去含义：现在还住在肯塔基州，有可能指刚离去)一般将来时一般将来时1)1)表示未来的动作或状态，常用表示未来的动作或状态，常用will/shall+will/shal

13、l+动词动词 时间状语有：时间状语有：tomorrowtomorrow，next weeknext week 等等。I Ill ll gogo to your city tomorrow.to your city tomorrow.2)2)be doingbe doing，表，表计划的将来计划的将来，常用动词有：常用动词有：go,come,go,come,leave,arriveleave,arrive等等。He He is leavingis leaving for America on business next month.for America on business next mon

14、th.3)3)be going to dobe going to do，表示将来。，表示将来。a.a.主语的打算、意图主语的打算、意图，即将做某事。，即将做某事。What What areare you you going to dogoing to do tomorrow?tomorrow?b.b.表示表示“预测预测”，说明有迹象，说明有迹象要发生的事要发生的事 Look at the dark clouds,there Look at the dark clouds,there is going to beis going to be a a storm.storm.4)4)be to d

15、obe to do表将来，表将来，按计划或正式安排按计划或正式安排将发生的将发生的事，或表示事，或表示要求、命令要求、命令做某事做某事,在在if if引导的条件从引导的条件从句中，表示一种句中，表示一种愿望愿望。We We are to discussare to discuss the report next Saturday.the report next Saturday.You You are to finishare to finish the work by Friday.the work by Friday.If you If you are toare to succeed,y

16、ou must work hard.succeed,you must work hard.5)5)be about to dobe about to do，意为，意为马上做某事马上做某事。He He is about tois about to leaveleave for Beijing.for Beijing.注意：示注意：示be about to be about to 不能与不能与tomorrow,next tomorrow,next week week 等表明确将来时的时间状语连用。等表明确将来时的时间状语连用。-Ann is in hospital.-Oh,really?I _ k

17、now.I _ go and visit her.A.didnt;am going toB.dont;wouldC.dont;will D.didnt;will 现在进行时现在进行时 现在进行时的基本用法：现在进行时的基本用法：a.a.表示表示现阶段现阶段或或目前正进行目前正进行的动作。的动作。We We are waitingare waiting for you.for you.Mr.Green Mr.Green is writingis writing another novel this month.(another novel this month.(说说话时并未在写，只处于写作的状

18、态。话时并未在写，只处于写作的状态。)b.b.表示渐变的动词有：表示渐变的动词有：get,grow,become,turn,go,get,grow,become,turn,go,等等，可表示逐渐，越来越，可表示逐渐，越来越。The leaves The leaves are turningare turning red.red.ItIts s gettinggetting warmer and warmer.warmer and warmer.c.c.与与always,constantly,foreveralways,constantly,forever 等词连用，表示等词连用，表示反反复发生

19、的动作或持续存在的状态，复发生的动作或持续存在的状态，往往带有往往带有说话人说话人的主观色彩的主观色彩。You You areare always always changingchanging your mind.your mind.典型例题：I dont really work here;I _out untilthe new sectary arrives.A.just help B.will just helpC.am just helping D.just helped 从第一句可知，我并不是真的在这里工作，由此判断我只是临时在帮忙一直到新秘书到来为止。所以它表示现阶段正在进行的动作

20、。故C为正确答案。过去进行时表示过去进行时表示过去某一时刻过去某一时刻或或某时段某时段正在进行正在进行的动作。这一特定的时间可用时的动作。这一特定的时间可用时间状语连用。如：间状语连用。如：at that time;at 8 at that time;at 8 o oclock last night;this time yesterday;clock last night;this time yesterday;whenwhen I I was havingwas having breakfast at 7:30 this breakfast at 7:30 this morning.morn

21、ing.They They were havingwere having a discussion the whole a discussion the whole morning yesterday.morning yesterday.典型例题：-“Sorry to have interrupt you,please go on.Sorry to have interrupt you,please go on.”-Where was I?-Where was I?-“You _you didnYou _you didnt like your fathert like your fathers

22、 s job.job.”A.had said B.said A.had said B.said C.were saying D.had been saying C.were saying D.had been saying 过过去去将将来来时时：表表示示过过去去某某一一时时刻刻以以后后将将发发生生的的动动作作和和状状态态，常常用用在在宾宾语语从句中。从句中。the next weekthe next week，如：，如：Yesterday Yesterday we we decided decided that that we we should goshould go to Shanghai

23、 next week.to Shanghai next week.She She said said she she would would waitwait for for me me at at the school gate.the school gate.现在完成时现在完成时 构成：构成：have(has)+have(has)+过去分词过去分词。现在完成时常与一些时间状语连用现在完成时常与一些时间状语连用,如：如：already;yet;just;before;recently;already;yet;just;before;recently;latelylately ;等。等。1)1

24、)表示动作表示动作发生在过去发生在过去，但，但对现在有影响对现在有影响。如：。如：I I havehave just just comecome back from America.back from America.He He hashas alreadyalready postedposted my letter.my letter.2)2)表示动作或状态自表示动作或状态自过去某一时间开始过去某一时间开始，持续持续到现在到现在，常，常与与sincesince，for,so far,up for,so far,up tototill now,till now,in/during/for th

25、e past(last)few years,in/during/for the past(last)few years,等连用。等连用。如：如：He He has beenhas been ill ill sincesince last month.last month.Her father Her father has beenhas been dead dead forfor ten years.ten years.注意：含有瞬间意义的动词如注意：含有瞬间意义的动词如join,die,join,die,leave,receive,buyleave,receive,buy,arrive ar

26、rive等，不能与表示一段时等，不能与表示一段时间的状语连用，间的状语连用，例如：例如：He has joined the Army for 5 years (He has joined the Army for 5 years ()He He has been inhas been in the Army for 5 years.(the Army for 5 years.()It It is/has beenis/has been 5 years 5 years sincesince he joined the Army.(he joined the Army.()I have recei

27、ved his letter for a month.I have received his letter for a month.（）I haveI haven nt t received his letter received his letter forfor almost a month.almost a month.（）注意：非延续性动词的否定形式可以与表示延续时间注意：非延续性动词的否定形式可以与表示延续时间的状语连用。的状语连用。用于现在完成时的句型用于现在完成时的句型 1 1）It is the first/second timeIt is the first/second t

28、ime.the only-that.the only-that结构中的结构中的从句部分，用现在完成时。从句部分，用现在完成时。It It is is the first time that I the first time that I have visitedhave visited the city.the city.It is the only detective novel that I have ever read.It is the only detective novel that I have ever read.2 2）This is theThis is the that

29、that结构，结构，that that 从句要用现在完成时从句要用现在完成时.This is the This is the bestbest film that film that Ive(ever)seenIve(ever)seen.这是我看过的最好的电影。这是我看过的最好的电影。过去完成时过去完成时 构成构成:had+:had+过去分词过去分词 1)1)表示动作或状态发生在过去某一时刻或动作之前，即表示动作或状态发生在过去某一时刻或动作之前，即“过去的过去过去的过去”。在过去不同时间发生的两个动作中，。在过去不同时间发生的两个动作中，发生在先，用过去完成时发生在先，用过去完成时；发生在后

30、，用一般过去时发生在后，用一般过去时。When the police arrived,the thieves When the police arrived,the thieves had runhad run away.away.The train The train had lefthad left before I got to the station.before I got to the station.2)2)表示意向的动词，如表示意向的动词，如hope,wish,expect,think,intend,hope,wish,expect,think,intend,mean,mean

31、,planplan等，用过去完成时表示等，用过去完成时表示 原本原本，未能，未能“We We had hopedhad hoped that you would come,but you didnt.that you would come,but you didnt.3)3)过去完成时的时间状语过去完成时的时间状语before,by the end of,before,by the end of,by the time,by the time,whenwhen。He said that he He said that he had learnedhad learned some English

32、 some English before.before.By the time he was twelve,Edison By the time he was twelve,Edison had beganhad began to make a living by himself.to make a living by himself.注意：注意：no soonerno sooner than;hardly-when than;hardly-when刚刚 就就 No sooner No sooner had hehad he bought the car than he sold it bou

33、ght the car than he sold it Hardly Hardly had hehad he arrived at the station when the arrived at the station when the telephone rang.telephone rang.现现在在完完成成进进行行时时：表表示示从从过过去去的的某某一一时时刻刻始始，一一直直延延续续到到现现在在的的动动作作。强调强调延续过程延续过程。如：。如：He He has has been been workingworking at at the the school school for for

34、 30 30 years.years.他他一一直直在在这这个个学学校校工工作作了三十年。了三十年。过去进行时与一般过去时的比较过去进行时与一般过去时的比较 过去进行时表示过去正在进行的动作，而一过去进行时表示过去正在进行的动作，而一般过去时表示一个已经完成的动作。般过去时表示一个已经完成的动作。He was writing a book last year.(He was writing a book last year.(表示此书可表示此书可能尚未写成）能尚未写成）He wrote a book last year He wrote a book last year。.(.(表示此书已经表示

35、此书已经写完）写完）比较过去时与现在完成时比较过去时与现在完成时1 1）过去时过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情，过去的事情，强调过去动作已完成强调过去动作已完成；现在完现在完成时成时为过去发生的，强调过去的事情对现在为过去发生的，强调过去的事情对现在的影响，的影响，强调的是影响强调的是影响。举例：举例：I saw this film yesterday.I saw this film yesterday.（强调看的动作发生过了。）（强调看的动作发生过了。）I have seen this film.I have seen this film.（强

36、调对现在的影响，电影的内容已经知道（强调对现在的影响，电影的内容已经知道了。）了。）They have worked together for ten yearThey have worked together for ten years.s.(可能仍在合作，也可能刚刚结束合作）可能仍在合作，也可能刚刚结束合作）They worked together for ten years.They worked together for ten years.(过去曾一起合作，但现在已不在一起工作）过去曾一起合作，但现在已不在一起工作）现在完成进行时和现在完成时的比较现在完成进行时和现在完成时的比较 现

37、在完成时着眼于过去发生或开始的动作与现现在完成时着眼于过去发生或开始的动作与现在的联系，而现在完成进行时则着眼于现在以在的联系，而现在完成进行时则着眼于现在以前一段时间内动作一直在进行的过程本身。前一段时间内动作一直在进行的过程本身。I have been reading the book for the whole I have been reading the book for the whole day.day.我整天一直在读这本书。我整天一直在读这本书。（一直不停地读，没有说明是否读完。）（一直不停地读，没有说明是否读完。）I have read the book.I have rea

38、d the book.我读过这本书了。我读过这本书了。（说明读过或读完了。）（说明读过或读完了。）将将来来进进行行时时：表表示示将将来来某某时时刻刻或或某某阶阶段段正正在在进进行行的的动动作作或或者者按按照照计计划要做的事情。划要做的事情。如如：At At this this time time tomorrow tomorrow we we shall shall be be waitingwaiting for for you you here.here.明明天天这这个个时候，我们在这儿等你。时候，我们在这儿等你。将将来来完完成成时时：表表示示将将来来某某一一时时刻刻之前已经完成的动作。之

39、前已经完成的动作。如如：When When you you come come tonight tonight at at 8 8 o oclock,clock,I I shall shall have have reviewedreviewed ten ten lessons.lessons.你你今今晚晚十十点点回回来来时时，我我已已复习完十课书。复习完十课书。ThePassiveVoice 被动语态被动语态 动词语态的时态体现：动词语态的时态体现：体体时时一般一般进行进行完成完成现在现在am/is/are +am/is/are +donedoneam/is/are am/is/are be

40、ing+donebeing+donehave/has been have/has been+done+done过去过去was/were +was/were +donedonewere/was were/was being+donebeing+donehad been +had been +donedone将来将来will/shall be+will/shall be+donedonewill/shall have will/shall have been +donebeen +done过去将来过去将来would/shouldwould/shouldbe+donebe+donewould/sho

41、uld would/should have been +have been +donedone 语态语态时态时态主动主动被动被动一般现在时一般现在时eat/eatsam/is/are+eaten一般过去时一般过去时atewas/were+eaten一般将来时一般将来时will+eatwill be+eaten过去将来时过去将来时would+eatwould be+eaten过去完成时过去完成时had+eatenhad been+eaten现在完成时现在完成时have/has+eatenhave/has been+eaten将来完成时将来完成时will have+eatenwill have b

42、een+eaten现在进行时现在进行时am/is/are+eatingam/is/are+being+eaten过去进行时过去进行时was/were+eatingwas/were+being+eaten1.Bananas aregrown in Hainan.(海南种植香焦。）海南种植香焦。）2.Many more trees willbeplanted in our school next year.（我们学校明年将种更多的树我们学校明年将种更多的树。）。）3.Were the trees planted by him?这些树是他种的吗这些树是他种的吗？4.Young trees mustb

43、elookedafter.(必须照看好小树）必须照看好小树）5.Thebuildingisbeingbuilt.(那栋楼房正在建设中。）那栋楼房正在建设中。）6.Thehomeworkhasbeenfinishedyet.（家作已经做完了。）（家作已经做完了。）1.HeteachesEnglishinourschool.Englishistaughtinourschoolbyhim.语态转换语态转换宾提前变主，主变介宾提前变主，主变介byby宾，被动宾，被动bebe加加done,done,时态看主动时态看主动2.Weplantedmanytreeslastyears.Manytrees wer

44、eplanted byuslastyear.过去时的被动语态：过去时的被动语态：was/were+P.P3.Weshouldplantmanymoretrees.Manymoretreesshouldbeplantedbyus.含情态动词的被动语态：含情态动词的被动语态：情态动词情态动词+be+PP4.ShewillteachClass6.Class6willbetaughtbyher.将来时的被动语态：将来时的被动语态：Will/shall+be+PP5.Manycountrieshavesentupsatellitesintospace.Satelliteshavebeensentupin

45、tospacebymanycountries.完成时的被动语完成时的被动语:Have/has+been+PP现在进行时的被动语态：现在进行时的被动语态：is+being+pp6.SheisteachingClass6.Class6isbeingtaughtbyher.I wasgiven abook byher.Abookwasgiventomebyher.7.Shegavemeabook.如如 遇双宾语，最好变间宾，遇双宾语，最好变间宾，如若变直宾，间宾前如若变直宾，间宾前to/for（pass,lend,buy,write,bring,show,tell）8.He made me do t

46、he work.I was made to do the work by him.这些动词真奇怪，主动句中这些动词真奇怪，主动句中to 离开，被动句中离开，被动句中to回回 来。来。（feel,listen to,hear,let have,make,look at,see,watch)9.They take good care of the baby.The baby is taken good care of by them.注意：含动词词组的被动注意：含动词词组的被动语态，须将其看作一个语态，须将其看作一个整体，不可把它们分隔开整体，不可把它们分隔开来。来。将下列句子变为被动语态，每空一

47、词。将下列句子变为被动语态，每空一词。1.We can finish the work in two days.The work _ _ _ in two days.2.They produce silk in Suzhou.Silk _ _ in Suzhou.3.The children will sing an English song.An English song _ _ _ by the children.4.You neednt do it now.It _ _ _ by you now.5.Lucy sent me a New Year Card last week.A New

48、 Year Card _ _ _ me by Lucy last week.6.He made me do that for him.I _ _ _ _that for him.7.I have given this book to the library.This book _ _ _ to the library.canbefinishedisproducedwillbesungneedntbedonewassenttowasmadetodohasbeengivenA traffic accident _(happen)just now.happened2.连系动词连系动词（Link.v.

49、)如：如：be,look,seem,feel,sound,smell,taste,get,turn,becomePeking Opera _(sound)beautiful.sounds1.不及物动词不及物动词（vi.)如如:happen,take place,appear,disappear,不用被动语态的动词不用被动语态的动词：3.表示主语的某种属性的词：read，write，act，cut，draw，drive，sell，wash，clean，wear，open，cook，lock，look，shut等。The books sell well.这些书畅销。The door wont lo

50、ck.门锁不上。This coat dries easily.这种外衣容易干。4.某些作表语(expensive,cheap,difficult,fit,hard,light,heavy,easy 等形容词后，用不定式形式表示被动意义。The box is too heavy to lift.She is easy to get along with.He is hard to please.The passage is difficult to read.The air is hard to breathe.5.want,need,require,deserve和be worth等词的后面可