《药剂学专业英语》PPT课件.ppt

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1、孙 进沈阳药科大学药剂教研室新科研楼327室Tel:23986325科学引文索引是美国科技信息研究Institute for Scientific Information,简称ISI)编辑出版社的用来查询科技文献及其引用情况的检索工具,其内容涉及科技领域150 多个学科,主要门类可归为数学、物理学、化学、生物学、微生物学、农业、分子生物学与遗传学、临床医学、神经学、药学、计算机科学、生态与环境等,其中以基础科学研究为主。由于SCI 对其收录的期刊采用了定量和定性的多种严格而科学的方法筛选,因而它所收载的均是集中了各学科高质量的优秀论文精萃的期刊,全面覆盖了世界最重要、最有影响的研究成果。SCI

2、 的研究成果代表着世界基础学科研究的最高水准。科技论文被SCI 收录和引用,成为评价其国际学术地位、基础科学研究水平、科技创新实力和科技论文质量的国际通用的依据。SCI(Science Citation Index)SCI(Science Citation Index)药药 剂剂 专专 业业 常常 见见 的的 权权 威威 期期 刊刊国际药学杂志 International J of Pharmaceutics 药物研究 Pharmaceutical Research 药物科学杂志 J of Pharmaceutical Science 药学及药理学杂志 J of Pharmacy and Ph

3、armacology 控制释放杂志 J of Controlled Release 欧洲药物科学杂志 Eur.J of Pharmaceutical Science 药物传递 Drug Delivery 专专 业业 英英 语语 的的 特特 点点 v 单词的专业化(生僻、复合、多意)v 长的复合句(句中有句、并列句)v 被动语态的广泛应用v 晦涩的背景知识 v 英美母语专业的习惯Dilate,elevate,disintegrate，apothecary Erythromycin,macrolide,levofloxacinNeonate,children,adult,geriatricsCar

4、diac,gastrointestinal,mydriatic,miotics,bowel,constipation,emetics,生 僻 单词的专业化(生僻、复合、多意)Pharmacy,pharmaceutical,pharmaceuticspharmacogenetics,pharmacognosy,pharmacokinetics,pharmacodynamic,pharmacopoeia,pharmacophobia,pharmacophore,pharmacotherapypharmacology,pharmacologist,pharmaceutist,pharmacistBi

5、opharmacy,造词中最常使用的复合法形成具有创新意义的单词 单词的专业化(生僻、复合、多意)PupilAdministerAgentTermside effectThe film is generally colored.The solutes passage through the biological barrier.多 意 单词的专业化(生僻、复合、多意)英译汉的方法英译汉的方法英译汉是运用汉语把英语所表达的思想准确而完整地重新表达出来的语言活动。而英译汉的过程则是 正确理解英语原文和创造性地用汉语再现英语原文的过程,在英译汉的过程中,有两点值得我们特别地注 意:1)汉语所要表达的

6、是英语原文的内容,即句子或文章的意义,而不是句子结构;2)在翻译过程中,英语原文的内容要准确而完整地重新表达出来，而不是将两种语言结构进行简单的转换。3)译文得合乎汉语的习惯中英文语法结构不同，英文可随时插入定语，对名词作进一步的阐述；插入状语，对谓语动词加以修饰和限制，逐渐形成结构复杂、逻辑严密的长句。中文句子多简短，有主次先后，逐点交代，层层铺开。语言结构的不同致使英文长句汉译有一定的难度。要翻译英文中长得像火车似的句子，就必须把它切成一节一节地来译，故采用拆译法是解决问题的有效途径。长的复合句(句中有句、并列句)It is well known that although a pharm

7、aceutical vehicle may not penetrate the skin to any great extent nor actually carry the medicinal substance through the skin,the vehicle does influence the rate and degree of penetration of a medicinal agent,and the degree and rate vary with different drugs and with different vehicles.复 合 句长的复合句(句中有

8、句、并列句)It is well known that although a pharmaceutical vehicle may not penetrate the skin to any great extent nor actually carry the medicinal substance through the skin,the vehicle does influence the rate and degree of penetration of a medicinal agent,and the degree and rate vary with different drug

9、s and with different vehicles.复 合 句长的复合句(句中有句、并列句)Drugs administered intravenously provide rapid action compared to other routes of administration and because drug absorption is not a factor,optimum blood levels may be achieved with the accuracy and immediacy not possible by other routes。并 列 句长的复合句(

10、句中有句、并列句)被动语态的广泛应用The majority of tablets are used in the oral administration of drugs.Many of these are prepared with colorants and coating of various types.Tablets are prepared primarily of compression with a limited number prepared by molding.Their shape and dimension are determined by use of var

11、ious shaped punches and dies.被动语态的广泛应用劣劣:We immersed the samples in an ultrasonic bath for 3 minutes in acetone followed by 10 minutes in distilled water.优优:The samples were immersed in an ultrasonic bath for 3 minutes in acetone followed by 10 minutes in distilled water.被动语态的广泛应用优优:The work was car

12、ried out on the Imperial College gas atomizer，which was described in detail elsewhere.劣劣:We carried out this work on the Imperial College gas atomizer，which was described in detail elsewhere.被动语态的广泛应用A system has been developed which relates combinations of a drugs solubility(high or low)and its int

13、estinal permeability(high or low)as a possible basis for predicting the likelihood of achieving a successful in vivo-in vitro correlation(IVIVC).For a high solubility and high permeability drug,an IVIVC may be expected if the dissolution rate is slower than the rate of gastric emptying.The rate at w

14、hich a drug substance dissolves in medium is referred to as its dissolution rate.Dissolution rate data,when considered along with data on the drugs solubility,partition characteristics,and dissolution constant,can provide an indication of the drugs absorption potential following administration.晦涩的背景

15、知识英美母语专业的习惯Although a pharmaceutical vehicle may not penetrate the skin to any great extent nor actually carry the medicinal substance through the skin,the vehicle does influence the rate and degree of penetration of a medicinal agent语语 句句 的的 要要 求求 v 句型的分析*v 指标词的运用*v 能够进行较为流畅翻译*v 能够书写简单的短英语文章*v 知道科技

16、论文书写的时态句型的分析A system has been developed which relates combinations of a drugs solubility(high or low)and its intestinal permeability(high or low)as a possible basis for predicting the likelihood of achieving a successful in vivo-in vitro correlation(IVIVC).This article reviews recent advances in our

17、 understanding of the structure,drug interaction mechanism.In view of its wide localization.of P-gp,and its ATP-dependent outward-oriented transport,P-gp actively participates in intestinal secretion,blood-tissue barriers,and.Moreover,the importance of P-gp-mediated drug interactions in clinical pra

18、ctice can hardly be underestimated,since it may result in severe side effects,such as digitalis drug interaction.Polymorphism or single nucleotide polymorphism(SNP)associated with P-gp may exert a significant effect on the pharmacokinetic behavior of its substrates,a fact.In addition,dietary compone

19、nts and pharmaceutical excipients may modulate P-gp activity,and as a result affect in vivo drug disposition and therapeutic efficacy;examples include grapefruit juice,Pluronic P85,PEG 300,etc.In summary,it should be emphasized that P-gp is an integral component in the process of drug discovery,deve

20、lopment strategy,and clinical therapy.指标词的运用The systemic clearance of many quinolone antibiotics is mainly via metabolism and urinary excretion;by contrast,biliary excretion is a major route of elimination for a new quinolone grepafloxacin(GPFX).Accordingly,we studied the hepatic up-take of GPFX bec

21、ause it is the first step in the drugs hepato-biliary transport.GPFX inhibited the uptake of taurocholic acid,pravastatin(organic anion),ci-metidine(organic cation)and ouabain(neutral steroid).However,GPFX uptake was not inhibited by these compounds.In conclusion,the effective hepatic uptake of quin

22、olone antibiotics are via carrier-mediated active transport,which is distinct from that involved in the transport of bile acids,organic anions,organic cations or neutral steroids.指标词的运用药剂专外中单词要求v尽量掌握专业科技论文中见单词v尽量掌握多的词根、词缀和短语 v尽量掌握多的本专业的重要单词v注意单词在普通英语与专业英语中的差别教教 学学 方方 法法 v 每次课前将要考学生的专业单词掌握情况v 每次课前要求大

23、家预习，课中要求学生翻译v 每次课将强调一些重要的专业单词v 每次课将强调一些重要的词根和词缀v 每次课将强调一些重要的句型The rate at which a drug substance dissolves in medium is referred to as its dissolution rate.A drug is defined/denoted/described as an agent intended for use in the diagnosis,.An agent intended for use in the diagnosis,.,is defined/refer

24、red to/described as a drug.食物是指能够提供人们营养的一类物质。A substance capable of providing the nourishment to humans is referred to as Food Involve,be Involved in,InvolvingIntroduction to drugs and pharmacyGastrointestinal,Gastric,intestinal,enteric,intestineErythro-Erythromycin,Erythrocyte,erythroblasthemo-hemo

25、leukocyte,hemoglobin,hemolysis,hemodialysis,hemodynamicHema-hemachrome,hematology.Hematolysis,hematicSerum,plasma,blood,Secretion,ExcretionAssist in,aid in,help to,facilitateAIDS爱滋病,获得性免疫功能丧失综合症(Acquired Immure Deficiency Syndrome)Introduction to drugs and pharmacyIm-Potence,impotence,mobile,immobil

26、e,immobilize,personal,impersonalAnti-antidote,antineoplastic,antibiotics,antimicrobial,Accomplishment,Achievementhyper-hypersonic,hypertension,hypertonic,hyperplasiahypo-hypotension,hypodermic,hypotonic,Anesthetics,esthetics;analgesic,algesimeter under-undertake,undergo,underline,undermine,underscor

27、e,underlyingAbsorption,Distribution,Metabolism,Excretion Metabolism,metabolic,metabolite,metabolizeAdministration(Oral,Rectal,Parenteral,dermal,nasal,pulmonary,intravenous,)Dosage forms,preparations(tablets,capsules,injections,suppositories,ointments,aerosols),aero-aerosol,aerospace,aerostatic,aerot

28、ropic,aeroacoustic Neo-neonate,neolith/paleolith,neomycin,neoclassic,Drug delivery system(DDS),Transdermal delivery system(TDS)专专 业业 单单 词词fillers,thickeners,preservatives,suspending agents,colorantsGastrointestinal,Rectal,Parenteral,dermal,nasalformula,formulate,preformulationFormulation(公式化,列方程式有系统

29、而确切的陈述或说明配方设计,规化)Pharmaceutics ingredients:fillers,thickeners,disintegrants,solvents,tablet coatings,suspending agents,antimicrobial preservatives,flavors,colorants,sweeteners Stable,stability,stabilize,Additive,component,Shelf life(包装食品的)货架期,保存限期)Compatible,incompatibleAccuracy,inaccuracyTherapeuti

30、cal,therapy,chemotherapy,pharmacotherapeutics,Maximum,maximal,minimum,minimal,Regimen(A regulated system,as of diet,therapy,or exercise,intended to promote health or achieve another beneficial effect),RegimentContribute to,attribute to,be attributable to account for;Be responsible for;benefit from,s

31、uffer fromSafeguard,gatekeeper,USP(United States Pharmacopoeia)BP(British Pharmacopoeia)ChP(Chinese Pharmacopoeia)NF(National Formulary)Test,assay,analysis,examine,check,compliance(Compliance with the law is expected in the state.),comply with,Increase the patients complianceCompendium(纲要),monograph

32、(专论、专题)mono-monograph,monolayer,monodrama,monolith,monologue Bi-bilinguist;bimillennium,bigamy Tri-triangular,triangle,trigamy专专 业业 单单 词词Drug delivery system(DDS),Transdermal Drug delivery system(TDDS),community,分子量处方集，USP，dosage regimen,分子式药物传递系统，经皮给药系统，社区，molecular weightNational formulary,美国药典，给药

33、方案，molecular format胃肠道，小肠，secretion血浆，血清，全血,excretionGastrointestinal tract,intestine,分泌Plasma,serum,blood,排泄Nonproprietary(通用的),proprietary(专利的,有专利权的,独占的)generic(一般的,普通的;【生】属的,类的;(商品)未注册的)In fulfilling this function,the compendia become the legal documents,every statement of which must be of a high

34、 degree of clarity and specificity.药物制剂中含有多种成分，其中每一个成分都具有其独特的作用。The pharmaceutical preparations contain lots of components,each(ingredient)of which has a unique function to itself.Readily(adv.乐意地,欣然,容易地)Emboss(饰以浮饰,使浮雕出来)em-embody,embolus(n.医栓子,栓塞物),empoison,empower,embrace,emulate en-,-en enlarge,e

35、nmesh,enclose,encase thicken,blacken,sweeten,dampen,enhance,enhancer,Imprint(印;盖印于),im-impotence,in-insomnia,incompatible,Thereby,therefore,therein,thereof,thereon.Hereby,herein,hereof,hereon.Whereafter,whereabout,whereby,whereatFlexible,Flexibility,inflexible,inflexibility individual,individualize,

36、individualist,individuallyCompromiseFrom a pharmaceutic standpoint/point,From my standpoint/point of view,To me best knowledge,In my opinion,From where I stand,As far as I am concerned,As I see,Personally speaking Take in account/consideration,take account ofbear/have.In mind,simultaneousConcur,Conc

37、urrence,concurrent,concurring(同时发生的，并发的)incur,occur,Be subject to(在.条件下;常遭.;易受.的侵袭;受控制;服从.的指挥),subjected to专专 业业 单单 词词fillers,thickeners,Gastrointestinal,preservatives,NF(National Formulary),monographSuspending agents,Parenteral,ChP(Chinese Pharmacopoeia),Compendium 片剂、胶囊、注射剂、气溶胶，处方前代谢、口服给药、排泄、非胃肠道给

38、药Oral administration;parenteral administration专专 业业 单单 词词Gastrointestinal tract,preservatives,instant dissolving tablet,chewable tablet硬胶囊，软胶囊，suppository,enteric-coated tablets,gelatin(e)Intact,integrated tactics/strategy,tactfulExtended/prolonged/controlled/sustained/modified-released dosage forms

39、Instant dissolving/disintergrant/dispersible tablets,Sublingual,buccal,mucosal,nasal,rectal,dermal,venous,arterial,vein arteryopaque,opaquant,colorant,desiccantHydro-hydrolysis,hydrophobic,hydrophobicity,hydrophilic,hydrodynamic,hydrobiology,hydrogel,hydrogen,hydrocarbon,water,aqueous-lysis,Electrol

40、ysis,Electrolyte,thermolysisFine,coarse,Rigid,Free from,free of chargeHygro-hygrogram,hygroscope,hygroscopic,hygrology,hygrometer,hygrophobia,hygrophilous in vitro in vivo in situ Bioavailability,available,availability,Proteo-proteolytic,proteolipid,Passage(vi.通过,横过,穿过;航行,旅行)Characteristic,property,

41、pattern,featureGastric residence time,gastric emptyingFasting,nonfasting,solubility,soluble,insoluble,专专 业业 单单 词词Absorption Enhancer,controlled/sustained released dosage formsBioavailability,Gastric residence time,Sublingual,buccal,mucosal专专 业业 单单 词词instant dissolving tablets,chewable tablets，肠溶片,De

42、siccant,colorant硬胶囊，软胶囊，Instant disintergrant/dispersible tabletsMethyl,ethyl,propyl,butyl,Octa-,octanol,-decane,octadecaneCapsule,capsulate,encapsulateExcipient,ingredient,component,adjunctDisintergration,dissolution,dissolve,resolve,absolveOutset,onset,beginning,duration,endCompressed tablet,molde

43、d tabletDiluents,fillers,binders,adhesives,disintergrants,disintergrating agentsAntiadherents,glidants,lubriants,lubricating agents,colorant,flavorant,Expert,expertise,Multiple compressed tablets,Multiple-layered tablets,专专 业业 单单 词词Disintergration,dissolution,模制片，压制片Punch,Die,excipient,adjuncts,gran

44、ulation专专 业业 单单 词词稀释剂，粘合剂，抗粘剂，multiple-layered tablets填充剂，崩解剂，助流剂，润滑剂,sugar-coated tabletsBulk n.大小,体积,大批,大多数,散装vt.显得大,显得重要Bulky adj.大的,容量大的,体积大的Tamper n 屏,护持器Rupt-rupture,erupt,corrupt,abrupt,disruptMucosa n.解黏膜 bypass byproduct byworkLozenge n.菱形,止咳糖,troche n.药片,片剂Local,localize,localized systemic

45、 Effervescent,effervescencyTriturate vt.弄成粉,粉碎,磨碎,捣碎 n.磨碎的东西Tablet triturate 片剂研碎物专专 业业 单单 词词Homogenous，崩解，溶出,模，Heterogeneous,冲，compactabilityHyper-hypersonic,hypertension,hypertonic,hyperplasiahypo-hypotension,hypodermic,hypotonic,fabricate 制 作,构 成,捏 造,伪 造,虚 构,prefabricateSterile adj.贫脊的,不育的,不结果的,消

46、过毒的,Sterility n.不毛,不育,中性,无结果,无菌状态,思想贫乏Sterilize vt.杀菌,消毒,使成不毛Sterilized 已灭菌的Disintegrate,dissolveDisintegration,dissolutionLyophilize 冻干(尤指生物产品 lyophilizerLyophilic adj.化亲液的Lyophobic adj.化 疏液的胶体Characteristic,characterize,characterWick v 通过毛细作用带走Predetermined,predesigned,Convex,concave,quadr-Quadran

47、t,quadrangle,quadrasonictetra-tetrahedron,tetrahedral 四面体的Recess,raise,access,incessant,processMonogram 字母组合,花押字Monograph,monologue,monodrama homo-homogenous,homochromatic,homogenize,homograft,homothermalhetero-heterogeneous,heteroatom,heterochromatic,heterocycle,heterogenizeUniform,uniformity,unifo

48、rmization,uniformly,unifyThickness,hardness,Fry,friable,friability,durability,durableFlowability,compactabilityConversely,by contrast,on the contrary,However,instead,yet,otherwiseHave a bearing/effect/influence on Discharge,release,liberate,专专 业业 单单 词词Absorption Enhancer,不相容性，个体化给药方案From a pharmaceu

49、tics standpoint,the drug isnt suitable for being prepared as tablets.Individualized dosage regimen/schedule从药剂学的观点看，该药物是不适合制备成片剂。专专 业业 单单 词词薄膜衣片，肠溶衣片，sublingual tablets,局部的作用，已灭菌的Coating layer,hypodermic tablets,缓释片，速释片，全身作用专专 业业 单单 词词Chewable tablets,Effervescent tablets,包衣处方，调配处方,一次性注射器Enteric-coated tablets are designed to pass unchanged through the stomach with transit to intestine where the tablets disintergrate and allow drug dissolution and absorption and effect.专专 业业 单单 词词Lyophilized,content uniformity,片剂硬度，Quality standard,片重，片重厚度