lessonPubTalkandtheKing'sEnglish高英学习教程.pptx

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1、Aims1.To learn the methods in developing an expository writing,esp.the use of examples2.To know how to make a good conversation3.To learn the differences between“pub talk”and the Kings English 4.To analyse the features of spoken English5.To appreciate the language features 第1页/共226页2Teaching procedu

2、reIntroduction to the author Warming-up discussions Analysis of the type of writing The macro-structure of the textDetailed analysis Homework第2页/共226页3 Henry Fairlie1924-1990British-Born Writer On American Politics (NY Times)political journalist and social critic 第3页/共226页The AuthorThe AuthoraBritis

3、hjournalistforThe Spectator,whichhejoinedin1955.BeforethathehadbeenafeaturewriterforThe Observer1948-50,andapoliticaleditorialwriterforThe Times1950-54.HewasalsoaregularcontributortoThe New Republicfromthemid-1970suntilhisdeathin1990.HerelocatedtotheUnitedStatesin1965toavoidaBritishlibel(诽谤)suit,for

4、havingcalledhisone-timeloverAntoniaFraserawhoreontelevision.第4页/共226页The AuthorHecoinedthetermTheEstablishmentinhiscolumninThe Spectatoron23September,1955.Fairliewrote:By the“Establishment”,I do not only mean the centres of official powerthough they are certainly part of itbut rather the whole matri

5、x of official and social relations within which power is exercised.The exercise of power in Britain(more specifically,in England)cannot be understood unless it is recognised that it is exercised socially.权利机构，社会关系网第5页/共226页His worksHis worksThe Life of Politics,1969.The Kennedy Promise,1973.The Spoi

6、led Child of the Western World:The Miscarriage of the American Idea in Our Time,1976.The Parties:Republicans and Democrats in This Century,1978.The Seven Deadly Sins Today,1978.A Journey into America,1985.(WithMaryGordonandAlexanderTheroux)The Revenge of Failure:The Culture of Envy and Rage,1994.第6页

7、/共226页Warm-upWhatisthenatureoflanguage?Howislanguagerelatedtoculture,politics,andsociety?第7页/共226页8Pre-reading questionsPre-reading questionsWhatdoyouknowaboutpubs?Whatdoyouthinkisagoodconversation?Whatisyourviewon“theKingsEnglish”?Whatdoesthetitlefirstimpressyou?Isthetitleofthepieceaptlychosen?Cany

8、ougiveabettertitle?第8页/共226页Thetitleofthispieceisnotwellchosen.ItmisleadsthereadersintothinkingthatthewriterisgoingtodemonstratesomeintrinsicorlinguisticrelationshipbetweenpubtalkandtheKingsEnglish.Whereasthewriter,inreality,isjustdiscoursingonwhatmakesgoodconversation.Thewriterfeelsthatbarconversat

9、ioninapubhasacharmofitsownandillustrateshispointbydescribingthecharmingconversationhehadwithsomepeopleoneeveninginapubonthetopic“theKingsEnglish”.“TheArtofGoodConversation”,would,perhaps,havebeenabettertitleforthispiece.第9页/共226页10 History of Britain(a history of invasions)1.Natives in Britain:Celts

10、 Language:Celt2.43AD,Roman Conquest,ruled for 400yrs Language:Latin3.449,Anglos,Saxons,Jutes from the Northwest Germany conquered most part of England Language:old English第10页/共226页114.9th century,Scandinavian conquest Language:Danish5.11th century,Norman Conquest,400yrs Language:French6.British peo

11、ple conquered the conquerors Language:English won its recognition 第11页/共226页12History of EnglishOld English(7th-11th centuries)acombinationofthenativeCelticlanguage,andthelanguageofJutes,Anglo-SaxonsfromNorthernEurope Middle English(11th-15th centuries)acombinationofEnglishandFrenchaftertheNormanCon

12、quest(1066)Modern English(15th century-present)第12页/共226页20th Century English During the 19th and early 20th centuries many dictionaries and books about language were published.New words are still being added to English from other languages,including Chinese(feng shui)and Japanese(karaoke).Existing

13、words gain new senses,and new expressions spread quickly through television and the Internet.第13页/共226页Englishisnowaninternationallanguageandisusedasameansofcommunicationbetweenpeoplefrommanycountries.AsaresulttheinfluencesontheEnglishlanguagearewiderthaneveranditispossiblethatWorldEnglishwillmoveaw

14、ayfromusingaBritishorAmericanstandardandestablishitsowninternationalidentity.第14页/共226页 What do you think is the purpose of visiting a pub or making pub friends?What do you think is the purpose of visiting a pub or making pub friends?第15页/共226页A British PubAlong the bank of Thames第16页/共226页第17页/共226

15、页British PubYou have to be 18 years old to order a drink in a pub.Some pubs will allow people over 14 years old to go inside if they are with someone who is over 18,but they are not allowed to go to the bar or to have an alcoholic drink.第18页/共226页第19页/共226页British PubOpen:SUMMER:Mon-Sat:12-11;Sun:12

16、-10:30;WINTER:Mon-Sat:5-11;Sun:12-10:30第20页/共226页British PubMostpubshavenowaiters-youhavetogotothebartobuydrinks.Agroupofyouthswaiting45minutesbeforetheyrealizedtheywouldhavetofetchtheirown.Thismaysoundinconvenient,butthereisahiddenpurpose.第21页/共226页British PubPubcultureisdesignedtopromotesociabilit

17、yinasocietyknownforitsreserve.Standingatthebarforserviceallowsyoutochatwithotherswaitingtobeserved.ThebarcounterispossiblytheonlysiteintheBritishIslesinwhichfriendlyconversationwithstrangersisconsideredentirelyappropriateandreallyquitenormalbehaviour.第22页/共226页British PubPubs,besidesofferingdrinksan

18、dfood,serveasplacesformeetingfriendsandforentertainment.Manyhave,forinstance,televisionsets,amusementmachinesandjuke-boxesandprovidefacilitiesforplayingdarts(飞镖),billiards(台球),dominoesandsimilargames.Somealsoemploymusiciansforeveningentertainment,suchaspianoplaying,folksingingandmodernjazz.juke-boxe

19、s:amachinethatautomaticallyplaysaselectedmusicalrecordingwhenacoinisinserted.第23页/共226页第24页/共226页English BitterBitteristraditionalBritishbeer(alsoknownasale).Itisquitestrongandleavesabittertasteinyourmouthafterdrinking.Itisusuallyservedatroomtemperature.-Light ales(ormild brews),containfewerhops(啤酒花

20、)andarelessalcoholic.-Strong aleshaveahighalcoholiccontentandastrongflavour.第25页/共226页第26页/共226页WineWineisanincreasinglypopulardrinkintheUK.-house wine(redorwhite).CiderisatraditionalEnglishalcoholicdrinkmadefromapples.WhiskyisastrongdrinkproducedinScotlandandinIreland.第27页/共226页第28页/共226页DrinksIn s

21、ummertime a popular drink is Pimms and lemonade.This is a traditional cocktail of either Pimms Number 1(based on gin杜松子酒)or Pimms Number 6(based on vodka)together with ice,citrus(柑橘属)fruits(lemon/orange/lime)and lemonade/ginger ale(干姜水).第29页/共226页Cheese&onion crispsItiscommontoaskforsnackstoeatwithy

22、ourdrink.Commonsnacks:-crisps-peanuts-smokybaconandbeef 第30页/共226页Pub friendsBarfriendsarecompanions,notintimates.Theyarefriendsbutnotintimateenoughtobecuriousabouteachothersprivatelifeandthoughts.Pub friends第31页/共226页Type of literature 1).Typeofliterature:apieceofexposition2).Thepurposeofapieceofex

23、position:-toinformorexplain,putforth,expoundwithverifiablefactsandvalidinformationsothatthereaderwillaccepthispointofvieworexplanation.Thereisgenerallya“thesisstatement”insuchwriting.3).Waysofdevelopingthethesisofapieceofexposition:comparison,contrast,analogy,identification,illustration,analysis,def

24、inition,etc.第32页/共226页Introduction to the PassageWhat is the thesis statement?The thesis is expressed in the opening sentence“Conversation is the most sociable of all human activities”.What is the main idea of the passage?General discussion on what makes good conversation第33页/共226页Detailed study of

25、the textThetitle:aninterestingpubtalkwhichcenteredaroundthemeaningofthephrase“theKingsEnglish”.pubtalk:conversationheldinpublichouse.KingsEnglish(orQueensEnglish):SupposedlycorrectorstandardEnglish(esp.BritishEnglish)astogrammarandpronunciation.第34页/共226页Conversationhumanactivities:Morethananyotherh

26、umanactivity,conversationhelpstopromoteanagreeable,pleasantandinformalrelationshipamongpeople.sociable:friendly or agreeable;willing to talk and engage in activities with others.eg.Being a sociable person,Eva loves entertaining.The Smiths are a sociable family.a sociable party 社交聚会第35页/共226页Anditisa

27、nactivityonlyofhumans-Andconversationisanactivitywhichisfoundonlyamonghumanbeings.(Animalsandbirdsarenotcapableofconversation).第36页/共226页Howeverintricatenameofconversation:intricate:very complicated or detailed.eg.an intricate network of canals.However intricate:nomatterhowintricateCommunicate:togiv

28、eorchangeinformation,signalsormessagesinanyway.Deserve the name of:tohavetherighttobecalled;beworthyofthenameof第37页/共226页indulge:givewaytoonesowndesireeg.Dont indulge yourself too freely with liquors.indulgein:allowtoenjoy;becomeinvolvedineg.Occasionally he indulged in the luxury of a good cigar.I d

29、ont indulge in idle gossip.indulgence:n.theactionorfactsofindulgingeg.Constant indulgence in gambling brought about his ruins.第38页/共226页Howtounderstandthewholesentence?Nomatterhowcomplicatedthemannerinwhichanimalsmakeknowntheirintentionstoeachother,theydonotgoinforanyactivitywhichmightbecalledconver

30、sation.第39页/共226页Para.1.1)Whatsthemainideaofthisparagraph?2)Paraphrasethefirstsentence.第40页/共226页Para.21)Whatisthemainideaofthisparagraph?whatmakesagoodconversation第41页/共226页1)How do you understand “meander,leap,sparkle,and glow”?第42页/共226页43Mixed metaphorStream:meander:flowslowlyturninghereandthere

31、;flowplacidlyandaimlessly leap:jumpover;flowquicklyandjoyouslyonwardsFire:sparkle:burnbrightlywithflashesoflight.glow:burnsteadilywithoutflamemeander/sparkle -smooth/peacefulleap/glow -exciting/heated第43页/共226页Whatdoesthissentencemean?Itdoesnotneedaspecialtopictostartaconversation.Anythingmaystartag

32、oodconversation.Andoncestartednooneknowshoworwhereitwillend.Thatswhyconversationisdelightfulandcharming.第44页/共226页2)What are some characteristics of good conversation?starts from anywhere at any time,goes freely(Sent.1-2)is not for convincing others(Sent.3-4)requires no winners(Sent.5)A good convers

33、ationalist lets the conversation go freely(Sent.6-8)第45页/共226页Theenemy“somethingtosay”:Goodconversationisgenerallyspoiltbypeoplewhothinktheyhavealotofimportantthingstosay.Conversationisnotformakingapoint:Conversationisnotforpersuadingotherstoacceptourideaorpointofview.Inaconversationweshouldnottryto

34、establishtheforceofanideaorargument.第46页/共226页make a point-proveeffectivelytruthofonesstatementbyargumentorinsomeotherway.立论；证明观点This is the first point I want to make.In this case he made a point.在这一点上，他发表了自己的观点。第47页/共226页ThereisnowinninginconversationInaconversation,onedoesnottrytoproveoneselfrigh

35、tandtheotherswrong.Wemayarguebutweneednttrytoconvinceothersthattheyarewrongandweareright.Infact,thebestconversationalistsInfact,apersonwhoisskilledatconversationwillnotarguetowinorforceotherstoaccepthispointofview.第48页/共226页in a flash-in a secondIn a flash he realized that they were presents from hi

36、s patients.Everything happened in a flash.a flash in the pan (昙花一现）第49页/共226页They are ready to let it go.-Theyarereadytogiveuptheopportunitytotelloneoftheirbestanecdotes(becausetheconversationhasmovedontoothersubjects)第50页/共226页Upbringing-the training and education received while growing upHis upbri

37、nging explains a lot about his attitude towards women.Thisisanexaggerationoftheauthorforhedidntgrowupinapub.Hewasonlyafrequenterofpubs.第51页/共226页of ones own-belong strictly to oneselfShe has a mind of her own.她颇有主见。For reasons of his own,he refused to join the club.第52页/共226页Howtounderstandthewholes

38、entence?PerhapsitisbecauseIvespentsomuchofmytimeinEnglishpubsthatIthinkbarconversationhasaspecialcharm.第53页/共226页Barfriendsarenotdeeplyinvolvedineachotherslives.Peoplewhomeeteachotherforadrinkinapubarenotintimatefriendsfortheyarenotdeeplyabsorbedineachotherslives.第54页/共226页Thefactthatnotaconcern:Iti

39、snotamatterofinterestorimportanceiftheirmarriagesarebreakingup,ortheirloveaffairshavebrokenortheyarejustcrossorgrouchy.ontherocks:metaphor,comparingamarriagetoashipwreckedontherocks;(tobeinaconditionofruinorcatastrophe)第55页/共226页on the rocks-8 infml clich1.wrecked or ruinedMr.Jones business was on t

40、he rocks.=His business was losing money and almost ruined.第56页/共226页82.with ice onlySally ordered an orange juice on the rocks.=Sally ordered an orange juice with ice cubes.Marriage is compared to a ship wrecked on the rocks.ontherolls在名单上在名单上ontherunadv.跑着跑着,逃跑逃跑,奔走奔走,被通辑着被通辑着onthespotadv.当场当场,在危险中

41、在危险中,处于负责地位处于负责地位第57页/共226页Ancient superstitions:1.getoutofbedonthewrongsidegetuponthewrongsideofthebedanidiomaticexpression.Itmeanstobecrossorinabadtemperfortheday.Themeaningisperhapsderivedfromtheexpression:Yougotoutofbedthewrongway.Itwasanancientsuperstitionthatitwasunluckytosettheleftfootonthegr

42、oundfirstgettingoutofbed.Gettingoutofbedonthewrongsidewillbringyoubadluck.Thewrongsideisusuallytheleftside.Whenonegetoutofbedonthewrongside,itusuallymeansyoureinthebadmood.Gobacktobedandgetupontherightside.第58页/共226页2.“Steponaspider.itissuretorain”Thissuperstitionistoldtoallchildren,becausenoonewant

43、sittorain.Spidersgenerallylivealongandhealthylife.3.Thenumber13hasoftenbeenthoughttobeabadomen.Peopleshouldneverinvite“13”gueststodinner.Itisbelievedthatonewilldiebeforetheyearisout.第59页/共226页4.Fridaythe13thisdaytostayathomeanddonothing.Itisdoublyunlucky,whenthe13thofthemonthfallsonaFriday.Badthings

44、willhappen.Manypeoplerefrainfromstartingactivitiesonthe13thtomakesurenoevilwillhappentothem.第60页/共226页Theyarelikemusketeersandfeelings:asimile.ThethreemusketeersinDumasnovelwereveryclosefriends.Theysupportedeachotherwiththeirfortuneandtheirlives,yettheyshowednocuriosityin,nortriedtofindoutanythingab

45、outeachothersprivatelives.Barfriends,likewise,donotprobedeepintoeachotherslivesnordotheytrytofindouttheinmostthoughtsandfeelingsoftheirdrinkingcompanions.第61页/共226页delve:metaphor,(archaic)todigwithaspade.Hereitmeanstoinvestigateforinformation;tosearchenergeticallydelve into the book 钻研书本delve into t

46、he past 调查过去的情况If you delve into sth,you try to discover new information about it.therecessesof:theinnerhiddenpartsof第62页/共226页DumasandTheThreeMusketeers第63页/共226页 AlexandreDumas(1802-1870)wasoneofthemostfamousFrenchwritersofthe19thcentury.DumasisbestknownforhistoricaladventurenovelslikeThe Three Mu

47、sketeers andThe Count of Monte Cristo,bothwrittenwithinthespaceoftwoyears,1844-45,andwhichbelongtothefoundationworksofpopularculture.Hewasamongthefirst,alongwithBalzac,whofullyusedthepossibilitiesofromanfeuilleton(通俗文艺作品).第64页/共226页DumasiscreditedwithrevitalizingthehistoricalnovelinFrance,althoughhi

48、sabilitiesasawriterwereunderdisputefromthebeginning.Dumasworksarefast-pacedadventuretalesthatblendhistoryandfiction.DumasdelightedreadersinmanycountrieswithhishighlyromanticnovelsimmortalizingtheadventuresofthethreemusketeersandtheCountofMonteCristo.Boththesenovelshavehadenormouspopularityandhavebee

49、ntranslatedintonearlyeverylanguage.第65页/共226页HeisbestknownforhisadventureandactionpackedhistoricalnovelslikeThe Count of Monte Cristo,The Three Musketeers and The Man in the Iron Mask.第66页/共226页Para.31.Whatsthemainideaofthisparagraph?2.Explainthemetaphoricalmeaningof“ontherocks”andtheidiomaticexpres

50、sion“getuponthewrongsideofthebed”.4.Whydoesthewriterlikebarconversationsomuch?5.Paraphrase“Barfriendsarenotdeeplyinvolvedineachotherslives”第67页/共226页desultory (fml)-donewithoutanyparticularplanorpurpose.Somethingthatisdesultoryisdoneorhappeninanunplannedanddisorganizedway,andwithoutenthusiasm.There